Metabolism of acetate-2-14C, glycine-2-14C, leucine-U-14C, and effect of δ-aminolevulinic acid on chlorophyll synthesis in Gateway barley and its mutant

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Sane ◽  
Saul Zalik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

Studies with acetate-2-14C showed that leaves of light-grown seedlings of the mutant were less efficient in the synthesis of protein particularly at the 6-day stage. The synthesis of leucine from labeled acetate was also lower in the mutant at this stage. Metabolism of leucine-U-14C confirmed the lower rate of protein synthesis in light by the mutant at the 6-day stage whereas, in the dark, protein synthesis in the two lines was similar. There was essentially no difference in the use of labeled glycine by the two lines. Free and protein amino acids accounted for over 75% of the label. Glycine was rapidly converted to serine, which contained over 65% of the label in the free amino acid fraction but less than 50% of the label in the protein fraction. Evidence for the existence of two separate pools of serine was obtained. Only 3 to 5% of the label from glycine was detected in chlorophyll.Administration of δ-aminolevulinic acid increased chlorophyll synthesis in the mutant in the same proportion as it did in the normal. It was, therefore, concluded that inadequate production of δ-aminolevulinic acid or its precursors was not responsible for the virescent character of the mutant. Rather it seems that the mutation caused a partial inhibition of synthesis of chlorophyll holochrome protein which accounted for the slower accumulation of chlorophyll in the mutant.

AMINO ACIDS PRESENT IN MALE-STERILE COTTONS (GOSSYPIUM)

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sarvella ◽  
B. J. Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Protein Amino Acid

The leaves and flowers of several genetic and cytoplasmic male-sterile lines were examined for free and protein amino acid content. Fewer amino acids were observed in the leaves in the free amino acid fraction than in the protein fraction. In both samples leaves of all lines had a similar number and quantity of amino acids. Amino acid content in the protein fraction was lower in young buds than mature flowers. Differences in amino acids between normal and sterile flowers were more quantitative than qualitative.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mineral Nutrition on the Content of Free Amino Acids and Amides in Tomato Plants I A Comparison of the Effects of Deficiencies of Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Iron, and Molybdenum

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Possingham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Copper Zinc

The lovel and the qllHnj~itat,jve compositien of the free amino acid fraction of tomato plants grown in full nutrient and in cultures doficiollt ill zinc, copper, nlallganeso, iron. and molybdenum have beon cletormiuecl. 'I'he methods used in the investigation inelude the quantitative estimation of amino aeids by a technique involving paper chromatogl'l1phy, and the cultm'o of tomato plants in highly purified n utriollt solutions.

The Formation of Homoserine from Methionine in Germinating Peas

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Grant ◽  
E. Voelkert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Direct Pathway ◽  
Pea Seedlings

L-Methionine-1-14C was fed through the roots to 6-day-old pea seedlings. After 10 h over 80% of the absorbed radioactivity was recovered in the free amino acid fraction, 8% in the extracted proteins, 5% as carbon dioxide, and 2.2% in the organic acid fractions. Analysis of the amino acids revealed that only 24% of the total activity was recovered as methionine, 40% as homoserine, 10% as isoleucine, and smaller but significant amounts of aspartate, O-acetylhomoserine, and cystathionine. Dilution values strongly imply that aspartate is not an intermediate in the extensive conversion of methionine to homoserine; rather a more direct pathway is involved.

Amino acids and some other nitrogenous compounds in Calanus finmarchicus

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
E. D. S. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen

Amino acids, both free and combined as protein, and some other nitrogenous constituents of Calanus finmarchicus have been examined. Seventy-six per cent of the total nitrogen in C. finmarchicus was present in protein amino acids, 14% in the free amino acid fraction, 6% in trimethylamine oxide, and 1·5% in betaine. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work on nitrogenous constituents of Calanus.The free amino acid fraction of Calanus is compared with that of higher Crustacea and it is suggested that this fraction may be important in the adaptation of the animal to dilute sea water.Amino acid nitrogen made up 40% of the total nitrogen of particulate material from Clyde sea water. This finding is compared with other recent analyses of the phytoplanktonic nitrogen and total particulate nitrogen of inshore waters.

Changes in free amino acids of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) muscle during frozen storage/Cambios producidos en los aminoácidos libres del músculo de merluza (Merluccius merluccius L.) durante su conservación en estado congelado

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Sotelo ◽  
J.M. Franco ◽  
S.P. Aubourg ◽  
J.M. Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Subzero Temperatures

The effect of storage at subzero temperatures (-5°C, -12°C, and -20°C) on hake ( Merluccius merluccius L.) muscle free-amino acid fraction was evaluated. A significant increase in free aspartic acid, serine, threonine, arginine, β-alanine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine was found at -5°C, whereas at -12°C, a significant decrease in free glutamic acid, glycine, methyl-histidine, β-alanine, taurine, alanine, and leucine was the most noticeable. No changes in the free amino acid fraction were observed at -20°C. Activity of different kind of enzymes, aminopeptidases, aminoacid deaminases, and decarboxylases might be involved in the changes observed at -5°C and -12°C.

scholarly journals An analysis of errors in estimation of the rate of protein synthesis by constant infusion of a labelled amino acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions

Rates of protein synthesis in tissues can be calculated from the specific radioactivity of free and protein-bound amino acids at the end of a constant infusion of a labelled amino acid (Garlick, Millward & James (1973) Biochem. J. 136, 935–945]. The simplifying assumptions used in these calculations have been criticized [Madsen, Everett, Sparrow & Fowkes (1977) FEBS Lett. 79, 313–316]. A more detailed analysis using a programmable desk-top calculator is described, which shows that the errors introduced by the simplifying assumptions are small, particularly when the specific radioactivity of the free amino acid rises rapidly to a constant value.

The effect of ioxynil on the free amino acid and protein content of the leaves of tartary buckwheat and spring wheat

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
David Paton ◽  
Saul Zalik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The effects of ioxynil on the free amino acid and protein content of the leaves of tartary buckwheat and wheat were compared 2 days after the seedlings were sprayed. Spring wheat showed little change in the overall concentration of either the soluble or protein amino acids. Tartary buck wheat, on the other hand, showed marked changes in the balance between soluble and protein amino acids.

Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiling of Nasal Polyposis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Celik ◽  
Alper Şen ◽  
İsmail Koyuncu ◽  
Ataman Gönel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Aim and Objective:: To determine the mechanisms present in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyposis. It is not clear whether amino acids contribute in a causal way to the development of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the plasma-free amino acid profile in patients with nasal polyposis and to compare the results with a healthy control group. Materials and Methods:: This was a prospective controlled study that took place in the Otolaryngology Department at the Harran University Faculty of Medicine between April 2017 and April 2018. Plasmafree amino acid profile levels were studied in serum samples taken from a patient group and a healthy control group. Patients who were diagnosed with bilateral diffuse nasal polyposis and were scheduled for surgical interventions were included in this study. Individuals whose age, gender, and body mass index values were compatible with that of the patient group and who did not have any health problems were included in the control group. All the participants whose levels of plasma-free amino acid were thought to be affected by one or more of the following factors were excluded from the study: smoking and alcohol use, allergic rhinitis presence, the presence of acute or chronic sinusitis, a history of endoscopic sinus surgery, unilateral nasal masses, a history of chronic drug use, systemic or topical steroid use in the last three months for any reason, and liver, kidney, hematological, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, or psychiatric disorders or malignancies. Results: In patients with nasal polyposis, 3-methyl histidine (3-MHIS: nasal polyposis group (ng) = 3.22 (1.92 – 6.07); control group (cg) = 1.21 (0.77 – 1.68); p = 0.001); arginine (arg: ng = 98.95 (70.81 – 117.75); cg = 75.10 (54.49 – 79.88); p = 0.005); asparagine (asn: ng = 79.84 (57.50 – 101.44); cg = 60.66 (46.39 – 74.62); p = 0.021); citrulline (cit: ng = 51.83 (43.81 – 59.78); cg = 38.33 (27.81 – 53.73); p = 0.038); cystine (cys: ng = 4.29 (2.43 – 6.66); cg = 2.41 (1.51 – 4.16); p = 0.019); glutamic acid (glu: ng = 234.86 (128.75 – 286.66); cg = 152.37 (122.51 – 188.34); p = 0.045); histidine (his: ng = 94.19 (79.34 – 113.99); cg = 74.80 (62.76 – 98.91); p = 0.018); lysine (lys: ng = 297.22 (206.55 – 371.25); cg = 179.50 (151.58 – 238.02); p = 0.001); ornithine (ng = 160.62 (128.36 – 189.32); cg = 115.91 (97.03 – 159.91); p = 0.019); serine (ser: ng = 195.15 (151.58 – 253.07); cg = 83.07 (67.44 – 92.44); p = 0.001); taurine (tau: ng = 74.69 (47.00 – 112.13); cg = 53.14 (33.57 – 67.31); p = 0.006); tryptophan (trp: ng = 52.31 (33.81 – 80.11); cg = 34.44 (25.94 – 43.07); p = 0.005), homocitrulline (ng = 1.75 (1.27 – 2.59); cg = 0.00 (0.00 – 0.53); p = 0.001); norvaline (ng = 6.90 (5.61 – 9.18); cg = 4.93 (3.74 – 7.13); p = 0.021); argininosuccinic acid (ng = 14.33 (10.06 – 25.65); cg = 12.22 (5.77 – 16.87) p = 0.046); and plasma concentrations were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p <0.05). However, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba: ng = 0.16 (0.10 – 0.24); cg = 0.21 (0.19 – 0.29); p = 0.010) plasma concentration was significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. Conclusion: In this study, plasma levels of 15 free amino acids were significantly higher in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. A plasma level of 1 free amino acid was found to be significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group compared to the healthy control group. Therefore, it is important to determine the possibility of using the information obtained to prevent the recurrence of the condition and to develop effective treatment strategies. This study may be a milestone for studies of this subject. However, this study needs to be confirmed by further studies conducted in a larger series.

Evaluation of seed amino acid content and its correlation network analysis in wild soybean (Glycine soja) germplasm in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Awatsaya Chotekajorn ◽  
Takuyu Hashiguchi ◽  
Masatsugu Hashiguchi ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Ryo Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content

AbstractWild soybean (Glycine soja) is a valuable genetic resource for soybean improvement. Seed composition profiles provide beneficial information for the effective conservation and utilization of wild soybeans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in free amino acid abundance in the seeds of wild soybean germplasm collected in Japan. The free amino acid content in the seeds from 316 accessions of wild soybean ranged from 0.965 to 5.987 mg/g seed dry weight (DW), representing a 6.2-fold difference. Three amino acids had the highest coefficient of variation (CV): asparagine (1.15), histidine (0.95) and glutamine (0.94). Arginine (0.775 mg/g DW) was the predominant amino acid in wild soybean seeds, whereas the least abundant seed amino acid was glutamine (0.008 mg/g DW). A correlation network revealed significant positive relationships among most amino acids. Wild soybean seeds from different regions of origin had significantly different levels of several amino acids. In addition, a significant correlation between latitude and longitude of the collection sites and the total free amino acid content of seeds was observed. Our study reports diverse phenotypic data on the free amino acid content in seeds of wild soybean resources collected from throughout Japan. This information will be useful in conservation programmes for Japanese wild soybean and for the selection of accessions with favourable characteristics in future legume crop improvement efforts.

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