Cytokinin production by the fungi Taphrina cerasi and T. deformans

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1583-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Johnston ◽  
Edward J. Trione
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Soybean Callus ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenosine ◽  
Solvent Systems

Cytokinins were released into chemically defined liquid media by cultures of Taphrina cerasi and T. deformans. The presence of the cell-division factors was demonstrated with the soybean callus tissue assay, which is specific for the detection of cytokinins. Paper chromatography in four solvent systems, in conjunction with bioassays, revealed that T. cerasi produced compounds that have migration patterns similar to those of zeatin, zeatin riboside, N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine, and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine. T. deformans produced compounds with chromatographic properties similar to those of zeatin, zeatin riboside, and a substance(s) the migration of which is correlated with the Rf interval that included the positions of N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine and its riboside. A third type of cytokinin, the mobility of which differs from those of the cytokinin standards used, was also produced by T. deformans. The total cytokinin activity in cultures of T. cerasi was calculated to be about 2 μg kinetin-equivalents per liter of culture medium, and the amount released by T. deformans was about 4 μg kinetin-equivalents per liter of medium.

Cytokinin Accumulation in the Culture Medium of Vinca rosea L. Crown-Gall Tissue: a Time-Course Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
LMS Palni
Keyword(s):  
Crown Gall ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Gall Tissue ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
Crown Gall Tissue

Cytokinin activity was detected in the culture medium of Vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) crown-gall tumour tissue 1 week after subculture. Activity increased with time, reaching a plateau at 5-6 weeks. The cytokinin activity from extracts of staled culture medium after 1 and 2 weeks culture cochromatographed with zeatin, zeatin riboside and their dihydro derivatives. An additional slow-moving peak of cytokinin glucoside-like activity was observed from 3 weeks after subculture, and was detectable even at the end of a 10-week culture period. When [U-14C]adenine was supplied to V. rosea crown-gall tissue, analysis of radioactivity remaining in the medium showed incorporation of label into zeatin and zeatin riboside (trans-isomers only) after only 1 h of incubation. Radioactivity in these compounds increased with time; peaking at 8 h, and was still detectable 125 h after incubation. At no time was radioactivity detected in dihydrozeatin, isopentenyladenine or their ribosides. At the end of 125 h incubation, less than 0.2% of radioactivity supplied initially was still present as adenine in the medium. Significant inhibition of tissue growth occurred when it was cultured on medium supplemented with a synthetic or naturally occumng cytokinin.

Phytohormone changes in Bouteloua gracilis infected by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae: I. Cytokinin increases in the host plant

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Allen ◽  
Thomas S. Moore Jr. ◽  
Martha Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Soybean Callus ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Water Saturated

Bouteloua gracilis was grown in defined, axenic culture with and without vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae. Leaves and roots of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants were harvested and assayed for cytokinin content using a soybean callus tissue bioassay. Total cytokinin activity was 57 and 111% greater in leaves and roots, respectively, in mycorrhizal over control plants. Cytokinin activities, separated using paper chromatography with water saturated n-butanol as a solvent, doubled in roots and leaves at Rf values of 0.3 and 0.9 and increased 9-fold in roots at an Rf value of 0.1 with infection. This appears to be the first demonstration of altered cytokinin levels in plants resulting from mycorrhizal infection.

scholarly journals Sexual and Apogamous Species of Woodferns Show Different Protein and Phytohormone Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Fernández ◽  
Jonas Grossmann ◽  
Valeria Gagliardini ◽  
Isabel Feito ◽  
Alejandro Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Fern Gametophyte ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenosine ◽  
Peculiar Case

The gametophyte of ferns reproduces either by sexual or asexual means. In the latter, apogamy represents a peculiar case of apomixis, in which an embryo is formed from somatic cells. A proteomic and physiological approach was applied to the apogamous fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis and its sexual relative D. oreades. The proteomic analysis compared apogamous vs. female gametophytes, whereas the phytohormone study included, in addition to females, three apogamous stages (filamentous, spatulate, and cordate). The proteomic profiles revealed a total of 879 proteins and, after annotation, different regulation was found in 206 proteins of D. affinis and 166 of its sexual counterpart. The proteins upregulated in D. affinis are mostly associated to protein metabolism (including folding, transport, and proteolysis), ribosome biogenesis, gene expression and translation, while in the sexual counterpart, they account largely for starch and sucrose metabolism, generation of energy and photosynthesis. Likewise, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to assess the levels of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA); the cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), trans-Zeatine (Z), trans-Zeatin riboside (ZR), dyhidrozeatine (DHZ), dyhidrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyl adenine (iP), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), abscisic acid (ABA), the gibberellins GA3 and GA4, salicylic acid (SA), and the brassinosteroids: brassinolide (BL) and castasterone (CS). IAA, the cytokinins Z, ZR, iPR, the gibberellin GA4, the brassinosteoids castasterone, and ABA accumulated more in the sexual gametophyte than in the apogamous one. When comparing the three apogamous stages, BA and SA peaked in filamentous, GA3 and BL in spatulate and DHRZ in cordate gametophytes. The results point to the existence of large metabolic differences between apogamous and sexual gametophytes, and invite to consider the fern gametophyte as a good experimental system to deepen our understanding of plant reproduction.

scholarly journals Aktywność cytokininowa sześciu odmian Hordeum vulgare L. [Cytokinin activity of six cultivars of Hordeum vulgare L.]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Politycka ◽  
A. Stroiński ◽  
Z. Krzywański ◽  
M. W. Borys
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Polar Derivatives ◽  
Made In

Cytokinin activity was determined in roots, crowns, ears of six varieties of the barley in the tobacco Wisconsin 38 callus tissue test. Analysis was made in early stage of ears. The order increasing values of the total cytokinin activity (the total activity of compounds fitting their mobility with zeatin, zeatin ribosid and their more polar derivatives) were for most part of varieties: younger roots < older roots < crowns < ears. Dependences between the cytokinin activity and fresh weight of analysed material were not found.

scholarly journals Callus multiplication of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. in liquid media.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
R.L.M. Pierik
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum ◽  
Murashige And Skoog's Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog’S Medium ◽  
Genotype A

The growth of callus tissue from adult A. andraeanum plants was best in a modification of Murashige and Skoog's medium. On this medium genotype A 42-3 reached a fresh weight multiplication rate of 30.7 when grown for 5 weeks at a rotation speed of 120 rev/min, at 25 deg C and in continuous darkness. The fresh weight multiplication rate of 6 other genotypes of the same species varied considerably when grown on the best medium for A 42-3. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Salt Stress-induced Injury is Associated with Hormonal Alteration in Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunzhong Zhang ◽  
Wenli Wu ◽  
Erik H. Ervin ◽  
Chao Shang ◽  
Kim Harich
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenosine

Plant hormones play an important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stress, but hormonal responses of cool-season turfgrass species to salt stress are not well documented. This study was carried out to investigate the responses of hormones to salt stress and examine if salt stress-induced injury was associated with hormonal alteration in kentucky bluegrass (KBG, Poa pratensis L.). The grass was grown in a growth chamber for 6 weeks and then subjected to salt stress (170 mm NaCl) for 28 days. Salt stress caused cell membrane damage, resulting in photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl), and turf quality decline in KBG. Salt stress increased leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA/cytokinin (CK) ratio; reduced trans-zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyl adenosine (iPA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but did not affect gibberellin A4 (GA4). On average, salt stress reduced ZR by 67.4% and IAA by 58.6%, whereas it increased ABA by 398.5%. At the end of the experiment (day 28), turf quality, Pn, and stomatal conductance (gs) were negatively correlated with ABA and ABA/CK ratio, but positively correlated with ZR, iPA, and IAA. Electrolyte leakage (EL) was positively correlated with ABA and ABA/CK and negatively correlated with ZR, iPA, IAA, and GA4. GA4 was also positively correlated with turf quality and gs. The results of this study suggest that salt stress-induced injury of the cell membrane and photosynthetic function may be associated with hormonal alteration and imbalance in KBG.

Porphyrin biosynthesis in the soybean callus tissue system—XV. The effect of growth conditions

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcira M. Del C. Batlle ◽  
Elena B.C. Llambias ◽  
Eva Wider de Xlfra ◽  
Horacio A. Tigier
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Soybean Callus ◽  
Tissue System

Biochemical differentiation in flax tissue culture. Phenolic compounds

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Liau ◽  
R. K. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
White Light ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Biochemical Differentiation

Flax cotyledonary tissue loses its biosynthetic potential for flavonoid and sinapoyl compounds when grown on agar medium containing sucrose, NAA, kinetin, and coconut water. The pattern of phenolic compounds of the callus tissue, however, exhibits a marked differentiation which is related to the levels of growth substances or phenolic precursors added to the culture medium. The induced formation of a C-glycoflavone (iso-orientin) and an anthocyanin (cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside) under high levels of kinetin and white light was demonstrated.

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