Abscisic acid levels and stomatal behavior during drought and recovery in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Newville ◽  
William K. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Stomatal Behavior ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Growth Room

Foliage of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings from xeric and mesic environments was sampled during two induced, consecutive, drought cycles to determine relationships among leaf resistance, plant water potential, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. One group of seedlings was placed in a growth room; the other was kept outside at a nursery under natural conditions. During the first drought cycle, seedlings transpired similarly. During the second drought, xeric seedlings in the growth room and nursery initiated stomatal closure at greater levels of plant moisture stress (PMS) than in the first drought cycle, but stomatal behavior of mesic seedlings was unchanged. During the first drought cycle, a sharp increase in ABA concentration in both ecotypes coincided with increased leaf resistance within a narrow water-potential range. However, after xeric seedlings were rewatered and then subjected to drought, leaf resistances remained low even though the previous threshold PMS and ABA concentrations for stomatal closure were reached. For mesic seedlings in the growth room, ABA concentrations remained high after rewatering and slowly decreased with time, although recovery to predrought leaf resistances was largely completed 2 days after rewatering.

scholarly journals Interactions between leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and abscisic acid content of orange trees submitted to drought stress

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara de Menezes de Assis Gomes ◽  
Ana Maria Magalhães Andrade Lagôa ◽  
Camilo Lázaro Medina ◽  
Eduardo Caruso Machado ◽  
Marcos Antônio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Thirty-month-old 'Pêra' orange trees grafted on 'Rangpur' lemon trees grown in 100 L pots were submitted to water stress by the suspension of irrigation. CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (g s) values declined from the seventh day of stress, although the leaf water potential at 6:00 a.m. (psipd) and at 2:00 p.m. (psi2) began to decline from the fifth day of water deficiency. The CO2 intercellular concentration (Ci) of water-stressed plants increased from the seventh day, reaching a maximum concentration on the day of most severe stress. The carboxylation efficiency, as revealed by the ratio A/Ci was low on this day and did not show the same values of non-stressed plants even after ten days of rewatering. After five days of rewatering only psi pd and psi2 were similar to control plants while A, E and g s were still different. When psi2 decreases, there was a trend for increasing abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in the leaves. Similarly, stomatal conductance was found to decrease as a function of decreasing psi2. ABA accumulation and stomatal closure occurred when psi2 was lower than -1.0 MPa. Water stress in 'Pera´ orange trees increased abscisic acid content with consequent stomatal closure and decreased psi2 values.

scholarly journals 082 OFFSETTING EFFECTS OF REDUCED ROOT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENTIN DROUGHT-STRESSED PEACH, OLIVE, CITRUS, AND PISTACHIO

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 439g-440
Author(s):  
M. Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Turgor Maintenance

Root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) and osmotic potential (π) were measured in young, drought-stressed and non-stressed peach (Prunus persica), Olive (Olea europea), Citrumelo (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) and Pistachio (Pistachia integerrima) plants. Drought stress reduced Lp 2.5 to 4.2-fold, depending on species, but π was reduced only in expanded citrumelo leaves and unexpanded olive leaves by 0.34 and 1.4 MPa, respectively. A simulation model of plant water uptake and leaf water relations was constructed to quantify the offsetting effects of reduced Lp and osmotic adjustment (OA) on turgor maintenance. For olive data, a 2.5-fold reduction of Lp caused a linear decrease in turgor pressure difference between stressed and non-stressed plants, such that the effect of OA was totally offset at a leaf water potential (stressed) of ≈ -3.0 MPa. For citrumelo, because the degree of OA was lower, the water potential at which the effects of OA and reduced Lp were offsetting with respect to turgor maintenance was ≈ -0.6 MPa. The analysis suggests that some level of stomatal closure would be necessary to extend the water potential range over which stressed plants maintain higher turgor than non-stressed plants for citrumelo. Conversely, no degree of stomatal closure would be required of stressed olive plants to maintain higher turgor than non-stressed counterparts over a physiologically meaningful range of leaf water potential.

Response of Underplanted Douglas-Fir to Herbicide Injection of Sclerophyll Hardwoods in Southwest Oregon

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole T. Helgerson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southwest Oregon

Abstract Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) container-grown plug (1-0) and nursery-grown bareroot (2-0) seedlings were planted in southwest Oregon beneath sclerophyll hardwoods injected with triclopyr amine or left untreated. Sixty percent of the hardwood canopy was killed by injection. Seedlings beneath treated hardwoods experienced greater daytime moisture stress but lower predawn moisture stress. Plugs grew more in the first year than bareroots. Five-year survival averaged 100% and 96% for plugs and bareroots under treated hardwoods, 83% and 73% under untreated hardwoods. Herbicide injection of hardwoods was associated with increased height, diameter, and volume growth rates in the underplanted Douglas-fir and seems necessary for establishing Douglas-fir in this environment. West. J. Appl. For. 5(3):86-89, July 1990.

Controlled Moisture Stress to Improve Cold Hardiness and Morphology of Douglas-fir Seedlings

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
John Blake ◽  
Joe Zaerr ◽  
Stephen Hee
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Stress Treatment

Abstract Nursery-grown seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were subjected to three levels of moisture stress between late July and the end of August. Measurements in October and December showed that mild stress of -5 to -10 bars significantly improved cold hardiness. In a second experiment, the effectiveness of the mild stress treatment decreased as the onset of the stress was delayed from mid-July until September 1. Furthermore, the earlier onset of stress decreased the height and shoot/root ratio, but increased the root weight and nitrogen content of the needles. For seedlings lifted in October, mild stress also decreased mortality from cold storage. Forest Sci. 25:576-582.

Stability and density management in Douglas-fir plantations

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Wilson ◽  
C D Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
D Values ◽  
The Impact

Limited tree size variation in coastal Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations makes them susceptible to developing high height to diameter ratios (H/D same units) in the dominant trees. The H/D of a tree is a relative measure of stability under wind and snow loads. Experimental plot data from three large studies was used to evaluate the impact of initial planting densities and thinning on plantation H/D values. The H/D predictions from the experimental plot data match spacing trial results closely but are substantially different than distance-independent growth model predictions. The results suggest that plantation H/D values can be lowered and stability promoted through reduced planting densities or early thinning; however, later thinnings may not be effective in promoting stability, since they do not appear to lower H/D values. Higher initial planting densities shorten the time period during which thinning can be expected to effectively lower future H/D values. Time-sensitive thinning requirements in dense plantations make their management inflexible. The flexibility with which a stand can be managed describes the rigidity of intervention requirements and (or) potential range of stand development pathways.

Regulation of water loss under moisture stress in sunflower genotypes: stomatal sensitivity in relation to stomatal frequency, diffusive resistances and transpiration rate, at different canopy positions

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Prasad ◽  
V. R. Sashidhar ◽  
Malathi Chari ◽  
S. Rama Rao ◽  
R. Devendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity

SUMMARYTranspiration rate, diffusive resistances, canopy conductances and water potentials were determined at three canopy positions in non·stressed and stressed plants of sunflower hybrid BSH·1 and five other cultivars of sunflower under field conditions. The leaf area (LA) and stomatal frequency (f) was determined at the three canopy positions in field·grown plants and the total number of stomata per plant was calculated as the product of LA and f. These variables were then related to the dry·matter accumulation and seed yield in these cultivars. Cultivars with either a high leaf area or high number of stomata per plant were more productive under non-stress conditions. Under stress conditions, cultivars differed in the extent of change in conductance (g) and transpiration rate at different canopy positions. In the hybrid BSH·1, g was low at all levels in the canopy associated with a higher (less negative) water potential and this hybrid had lower transpiration rates at all canopy levels under stress although the number of stomata per plant was high. Stomatal sensitivity associated with a higher threshold water potential for stomatal closure is discussed as a possible explanation for the higher dry·matter accumulation and productivity of hybrid sunflower BSH·1 under moisture stress conditions.

Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Relations of Lupins and Wheat. III. Abscisic Acid and Drought-Induced Stomatal Closure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
IE Henson ◽  
CR Jensen ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stomatal Response ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Changes in the content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) were followed in glasshouse experiments during stomatal closure induced by drought in leaves of lupin (Lupinus cosentinii Guss. cv. Eregulla) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvv. Gamenya and Warigal), species which differ in stomatal sensitivity to changes in leaf water potential. Increases in bulk leaf ABA concentration were closely correlated with decreases in leaf conductance in both species. In lupin, substantial increases in ABA and decreases in conductance occurred over a very narrow range of leaf water potential. ABA concentrations in wheat leaves were highly negatively correlated with bulk leaf turgor, but there was no significant relationship between ABA and turgor in lupin. However, ABA accumulated progressively in the leaves of both species as soil water content decreased. Stomatal closure in lupin could be induced by supplying exogenous ABA to detached leaves via the transpiration stream at concentrations of 10-4 to 10-2 mol m-3 of (+)-ABA. Abaxial stomata closed more readily than those on the adaxial surface in response to both drought and applied ABA. Stomatal response to ABA was not affected by the presence of the cytokinin zeatin, and zeatin by itself had no effect on conductance. When treatments designed to reduce endogenous cytokinin concentrations were imposed (prolonged leaf detachment or prior drought), stomatal response to low concentrations of ABA was enhanced. However, such treatments did not significantly change the stomatal response to high ABA concentrations, nor affect the stomatal conductance of leaves supplied with water alone. It is concluded that drought-induced stomatal closure could be mediated by ABA in both wheat and lupin, despite the initially small change in leaf water status in the latter species.

Influence of light intensity, temperature, and leaf area on stomatal aperture and water potential of woody plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pereira ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Temperature Time

Leaf diffusion resistance and shoot water potential of seedlings of six species of woody angiosperms were studied in a 4 × 4 design of crossed gradients of light intensity (1507, 4306, 10 764, and 21 528 lx) and temperature (18, 22.5, 26, and 30 °C). In all species, leaf diffusion resistance generally increased with decreasing light intensity and increasing temperature, but the effects of light intensity were much greater. Highly significant differences on leaf diffusion resistance were found for light intensity, temperature, time of day, and various interactions of these. Shoot water potential of all species decreased with increasing light intensity and temperature. Both leaf resistance and water potential under light and temperature stress varied among species. Despite high leaf resistance under environmental stress, indicating rapid stomatal closure, Acersaccharum with an extensive leaf area developed high shoot water deficits. Stomatal opening and closing in responses to changes in light intensity varied among five species of woody angiosperms but were not consistently correlated with species shade tolerance.

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