Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on Douglas-fir nursery growth and survival after outplanting

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Concentration

A 5N × 5P factorial fertilizer experiment was conducted on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed beds at Campbell River nursery on northern Vancouver Island. Nutrient concentrations were measured in soil and seedlings. After 2 years of growth, trees were lifted from each treatment in mid-November and again in mid-February for storage. All were planted out in April and grown for 2 years. Seedling dry weight and height in the nursery were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment, but not by P fertilizer, although seedling tissue P concentrations were low (0.09-0.17%) and available soil P was significantly increased by treatment. Largest seedlings resulted from application of 50-75 kg N/ha during the 1st year of growth and 100-150 kg N/ha during the 2nd year. Seedling dry weight was correlated with tissue N concentration (r = 0.73-0.75) and greatest dry weight was associated with a 1-0 shoot N or a 2-0 foliar N concentration of 2%. Survival and height 2 years after planting out were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment in the nursery, and the nursery treatments resulting in largest seedlings yielded the highest survival and height. However the N concentration of 2-0 seedlings was not closely correlated with survival or height, and shoot dry weight was the most useful nursery measurement for predicting these values (r = 0.49). Fertilization did not affect cold hardiness and hardiness of trees was essentially the same at both lifting dates. Survival at 2 years after planting was unaffected by lifting date.

Relationship between spacing and nitrogen fertilization of seedlings in the nursery, seedling mineral nutrition, and outplanting performance

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Outplanting Performance

Three nitrogen (N) levels and six seedling spacings were applied factorially in a randomized block design, of four replications, to coastal and interior varieties of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr), and lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) in the nursery. After growing for 2 years in the nursery, seedling dimensions, dry weights, and needle N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations were determined. At the same time, samples of 400 trees per treatment were planted into the forest using the nursery design. Three years after outplanting, survival and height measurements were obtained for all species and, in addition, dry weights and nutrient concentrations for the coastal Douglas-fir. Both an increase in N fertilizer and wider spacing increased 2-year-old (2–0) seedling needle percent N, except in lodgepole pine. Wider spacing also increased percent P in interior Douglas-fir and percent K in lodgepole pine. Within the highest N fertilizer level the amount of variation in needle percent N accounted for by spacing was 75% in coastal Douglas-fir, 78% in interior Douglas-fir, and 92% in Sitka spruce. Needle percent N in 2–0 coastal Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce was positively correlated with survival (r2 = 0.24 and 0.35, respectively), total height (r2 = 0.48 and 0.61, respectively), and current height growth (r2 = 0.31 and 0.51, respectively) after 3 years in the forest. The relationships of spacing to 2–0 seedling percent N, and of 2–0 seedling percent N to outplanting performance indicated that, at least for Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce, spacing influenced outplanting performance through its effect on N nutrition. During 3 years in the forest, coastal Douglas-fir trees had maintained closely similar relative growth rates (RGR) in all treatments. Consequently, relative differences in 2–0 seedling dry weight between treatments of about threefold between 0.6- and 12-cm spacing and twofold between 60 and 235 kg N/ha fertilizer levels, had been maintained. After 3 years in the forest there were no differences in nutrient concentrations between nursery N treatments, indicating that reserves available at lifting had been dissipated, but nutrient concentrations tended to decrease with wider spacing. This suggested some unidentified wide spacing effect was promoting growth and causing nutrient dilution in the tissue.

Frost hardiness and winter photosynthesis of Thujapiicata and Pseudotsugamenzlesll seedlings grown at three rates of nitrogen and phosphorus supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Davradou ◽  
D. Pier ◽  
R. Shortt
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
One Year ◽  
P Supply

One-year-old seedlings of western red cedar (Thujapiicata Donn ex D.Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown for one season in five nutrient treatments with nitrogen (N) supplied in solution at rates of 20, 100, or 250 mg•L−1 and phosphorus (P) supplied at rates of 4, 20, or 60 mg•L−1. Growth, onset of dormancy, frost hardiness on six dates, and foliar nutrient concentrations in autumn and spring were measured. Midwinter rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration were measured at air temperatures of 4, 7, and 11 °C in seedlings from all nutrient treatments. Recovery of net photosynthesis and transpiration in whole seedlings from the three N treatments was assessed at intervals for 28 days after the seedlings were frozen to −5, −15, and −25°C. Foliar N content differed significantly among nutrient treatments and was positively correlated with supply. Mitotic activity ceased earliest in plants with low N supply. Douglas-fir seedlings in the low-N treatment also ceased height growth earliest. These differences in growth had no significant correlation with frost hardiness. No consistent differences in frost hardiness among nutrient treatments were observed. Higher rates of N and P supply resulted in higher rates of winter net photosynthesis. Net photosynthesis was reduced dramatically by night frost, with greater damage occurring at lower temperatures. Net photosynthesis recovery occurred most quickly in seedlings with the midrate of N and P supply.

scholarly journals Yield and Nutritional Quality of Cabbage as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

1970 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
KMF Haque ◽  
AA Jahangir ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
RK Mondal ◽  
MAA Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

An experiment was conducted in field condition to study the effect of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization on growth, yield and nutrient content of cabbage. The experiment was laid out in randomize block design with three replications. The yield and yield components were maximized by N3P2 fertilizer treatment. Nutrient content of cabbage varied with fertilizer treatment. The maximum amount of reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, phosphorus were found at the highest rate of N - P fertilization whereas accumulation of titrable acidity, iron, calcium were maximum at the rate of N2P2 treatment. However pH, ash content were more or less same throughout the experiment. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 41-46, 2006

Yield response of potatoes to variable nitrogen management by landform element and in relation to petiole nitrogen – A case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Moulin ◽  
Y. Cohen ◽  
V. Alchanatis ◽  
N. Tremblay ◽  
K. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Concentration

Moulin, A. P., Cohen, Y., Alchanatis, V., Tremblay, N. and Volkmar, K. 2012. Yield response of potatoes to variable nitrogen management by landform element and in relation to petiole nitrogen – A case study. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 771–781. Recent increases in the cost of fertilizer N have prompted producers to assess the potential to vary inputs within fields and during the growing season to produce the highest marketable yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). A study was conducted from 2005 to 2007 near Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, to assess the spatial variability of potato yield in upper, middle and lower landform elements on a sandy loam soil in response to a range of N fertilizer rates applied in the spring or in combination with an application during the growing season. There was no clear trend with respect to the effect of landform on potato yield. Nitrogen fertilizer increased total and marketable yield relative to the control at rates from 75 to 225 kg ha−1in split applications or applied at seeding. No significant interaction between landform and fertilizer treatment was observed. Petiole N concentration, determined late in the growing season, was correlated with potato yield though the correlation varied considerably between years. Petiole leaflet N concentration was affected by fertilizer on most sampling dates, but decreased with time during the growing season. We conclude that although N fertilizer could be applied during the growing season based on petiole leaflet N concentration deficiencies in mid-July, there is no clear difference in potato yield due to split application relative to spring applications of N fertilizer at rates of 75 kg ha−1or greater based on landform elements for potato production, likely due to the short growing season in western Canada.

Influence of Glomus fasciculatus mycorrhizae on some physical and chemical characteristics of Platanus occidentalis seedlings

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1601-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatus ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Inoculation of Platanus occidentalis seedlings with Glomus fasciculatus significantly increased plant dry weight and foliar phosphorus (P) concentration when compared with the uninoculated control. After 12 weeks inoculated seedlings were 73% taller and 200% greater in total dry weight. The largest dry weight increase was recorded for foliage (212%) followed in order by stem (202%) and root (171%). Averaged overall nutrient treatments, foliar P concentration was 22% greater for the inoculated seedlings. Nutrient regimes representing 1×, 2×, and 4× Hoagland's No. 2 solution and a control significantly influenced seedling height, dry weight, percentage of foliar N, P, and K, and the degree of root colonization. Maximum growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were associated with the 2× Hoagland's nutrient regime followed in order by the 4× and 1× nutrient treatments and the control. Degree of root colonization by G. fasciculatus increased from 42% of the root length in the unfertilized control to 48% at the 1× Hoagland's regime and sharply declined at the 2× and 4× levels. Total dry weight of inoculated seedlings was significantly greater than the noninoculated control at each nutrient level. Incremental differences were 2.71, 4.03, 4.37, and 3.08 g for the control, 1×, 2×, and 4× Hoagland's nutrient regimes, respectively. Seedling growth attributed to G. fasciculatus is directly related to degree of mycorrhizal colonization and inversely related to the amount of extractable soil P.

scholarly journals Variations of leaf N, P concentrations in shrubland biomes across northern China: phylogeny, climate and soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 18973-18998 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yang ◽  
X. Chi ◽  
C. Ji ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
W. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract. Concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key leaf traits in ecosystem functioning and dynamics. Foliar stoichiometry varies remarkably among life forms. However, previous studies have focused on trees and grasses, leaving the knowledge gap for the stoichiometric patterns of shrubs. In this study, we explored the intra- and interspecific variations of leaf N and P concentration in relation to climate, soil property and evolutionary history based on 1486 samples composed of 163 shrub species from 361 shrubland sites in northern China expanding 46.1° (86.7–132.8° E) in longitude and 19.8° (32.6–52.4° N) in latitude. The results showed that leaf N concentration decreased with precipitation, leaf P concentration decreased with temperature and increased with precipitation and soil P concentration. Both leaf N and P concentrations were phylogenetically conserved, but leaf P concentration was less conserved than leaf N concentration. At community level, climates explained more interspecific, while soil nutrient explained more intraspecific, variation of leaf nutrient concentrations. These results suggested that leaf N and P concentrations responded to climate, soil, and phylogeny in different ways. Climate influenced the community chemical traits through the shift in species composition, whereas soil directly influenced the community chemical traits.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of N, P, and K in an Organic and Inorganic Fertilized Willow Biomass System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos K. Quaye ◽  
Timothy A. Volk ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Supply

The seasonal variations in soil nutrient supply and bioavailability were assessed in a willow biomass crop (Salix miyabeana, SX64) treated with 150 and 200 kg available N ha−1of commercial fertilizer (CF), biosolid compost (BC), dairy manure (DM), and control (CT0) at Delhi, NY. Plant root simulator probes were used to measure nutrient supply (inside) and bioavailability (outside) of root exclusion cylinders. Measurements were made in September 2008 and May, August, and October of 2009. Soil moisture content (θd)and foliar nutrient concentrations were also determined. The BC treatments increased soil P supply more than CF and CT0. The supply ofNH4+and K in the soil increased in August but their bioavailability increased in May and October. SoilNO3-and P supply and bioavailability were both high in May. Foliar N and K concentrations were significantly high in May and low in August which could be due to dilution effect caused by increased soil moisture foliar dry weight. Foliar P concentrations increased in September and October. The observed higher soilNO3-mineralization and plant uptake in May suggest that in high soilNO3-conditions willow biomass crops can level and minimize leaching out of the root zone into groundwater.

scholarly journals Shoot-soil ecological stoichiometry of alfalfa under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoyun Lu ◽  
Hong Tian ◽  
Heshan Zhang ◽  
Junbo Xiong ◽  
Huimin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
C And N

AbstractPlants and soil interactions greatly affect ecosystems processes and properties. Ecological stoichiometry is an effective means to explore the C, N, P correlation between plants and soil and the relationship between plant growth and nutrient supply. Serious soil erosion on China’s Loess Plateau has further barrenness the soil. Fertilization solves the problem of ecosystem degradation by improving soil fertility and regulating the ecological stoichiometric between soil and plants. No fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilization (N), phosphorus fertilization (P) and N and P combined fertilization (NP) treatments were set in an alfalfa grassland. Organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients and their stoichiometry were measured in shoot and soil. P and NP fertilization increased shoot C concentration (3.12%, 0.91%), and all fertilization decreased shoot N concentration (6.96%). The variation of shoot C and N concentrations resulted in a greater increase in shoot C:N under the fertilization treatment than that under CK (8.24%). Most fertilization treatments increased shoot P concentration (4.63%) at each cut, which induced a decrease of shoot C:P. Shoot N:P of most treatments were greater than 23, but it was lower under N and NP fertilization than that under CK. Fertilization only increased soil C in 2014, but had no effect on soil N. Soil P content was significantly higher under P fertilization in 2014 (34.53%), and all fertilization in the second cut of 2015 (124.32%). Shoot and soil C:P and N:P having the opposite changes to shoot and soil P, respectively. Our results suggest that the change of P after fertilization largely drove the changes of stoichiometric. The growth of alfalfa in the Loess Plateau was severely restricted by P. It is an effective method to increase the biomass of alfalfa by increasing the addition of N or NP fertilizer to alleviate P limitation.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Hakonechloa macra (Makino) `Aureola' to Fertilizer Formulation and Concentration, and to Dolomitic Lime in the Potting Mix

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Harvey ◽  
George C. Elliott ◽  
Mark H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Concurrent Study ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
The Mean

The shade-tolerant, variegated grass Hakonechloa macra `Aureola' is a valuable ornamental. In an experiment replicated in two growing seasons, Hakonechloa plants were fertilized at each irrigation (fertigation) with factorial combinations of three fertilizer formulations (N:P molar ratios 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1) at five N concentrations (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mmol·L-1), along with an unfertilized control, to determine the effect of N:P ratio and N concentration on vegetative growth and to establish fertility guidelines for production. Root dry weight and tiller bud growth increased slightly as N:P ratio increased. Fertilizer N concentration of 16 mmol·L-1 promoted the most shoot growth, whereas the number of tiller buds and root growth were greatest at 2 and 4 mmol·L-1 N. No interaction occurred between N:P ratio and fertilizer concentration. Results indicate that an N concentration of 8 mmol·L-1, with an N:P ratio of 10:1 or 20:1 is optimal for production of Hakonechloa. At this fertilizer concentration, the mean electrical conductivity of extracts obtained by a solution displacement extraction (pour-through) procedure was 2.3 ± 0.45 dS·m-1 (mean ± standard deviation). Tissue nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were (in mg·g-1): 24.0, 2.8, 14.3, 2.1, and 2.1, respectively. In a concurrent study, Hakonechloa plants were grown in pine bark: peat: sand mix with dolomitic lime added at 0, 1.2, 3.6, and 9.5 kg·m-3 producing pH ranging from ≈4.5 to 7.2. Growth of Hakonechloa was greatest with no lime (pH 4.5) and declined markedly as the rate of lime increased. Concentrations of N, P, and K in shoot tissue were greatest at a pH between 4.5 and 5.6 (0 and 1.2 kg·m-3 dolomitic lime). These findings clearly support recommending production of Hakonechloa in soilless potting mix with pH ≈4.5 and constant fertigation with N at 8 mmol·L-1.

scholarly journals Root Characteristics and Seed Yields of Cowpeas Grown with and without Added Nitrogen Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Judith L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Input Sample

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma in 1993 and 1994. Cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] were grown using either noninoculated seed and 23 kg·ha–1 of preplant nitrogen (N) fertilizer (conventional) or Rhizobium-inoculated seed and no preplant N fertilizer (reduced input). Sample plants were excavated at first pod set and analyzed for nodulation and root morphology. Additional plants were harvested at the green-shell stage to determine seed yield and plant N concentration. Conventional and reduced input cowpeas did not differ in dry weight of root mass components, total root dry weight, shoot dry weight, shoot: root ratio, nodule distribution among root morphological components, total nodule fresh weight, plant N concentration, or green-shell seed yield. Most of the nodule fresh weight generally was associated with nodules on the basal and lateral roots. Results indicate that cowpea root characteristics are not necessarily altered by the presence or absence of added N fertilizer at a given location.

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