Alterations in internal partitioning of carbon in soybean plants in response to nitrogen stress

Alterations in internal partitioning of carbon were evaluated in plants exposed to limited nitrogen supply. Vegetative, nonnodulated soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merrill, ‘Ransom’) were grown for 21 days with 1.0 mM[Formula: see text] and then exposed to solutions containing 1.0, 0.1, or 0.0 mM[Formula: see text] for a 25-day treatment period. In nitrogen-limited plants, there were decreases in emergence of new leaves and in the expansion rate and final area at full expansion of individual leaves. As indicated by alterations in accumulation of dry weight, a larger proportion of available carbon in the plant was partitioned to the roots with decreased availability of nitrogen. Partitioning of reduced nitrogen to the root also was increased and, in plants devoid of an external nitrogen supply, considerable redistribution of reduced nitrogen from leaves to the root occurred. The general decrease in growth potential and sink strength for nutrients in leaves of nitrogen-limited plants suggested that factors other than simply availability of nitrogen likely were involved in the restriction of growth in the leaf canopy and the associated increase in carbon allocation to the roots.

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EFEKTIVITAS STRAIN BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM YANG DIISOLASI DARI BEBERAPA LOKASI DI ENDE TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN NODUL DAN PENAMBATAN NITROGEN PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L.)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v3i2.501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 138-150

Author(s):

Kristina Erniyani

Keyword(s):

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Commercial Inoculant ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Bradyrhizobium Spp ◽

Bradyrhizobium Inoculation

Bacteria Bradyrhizobium spp. From nodules on soybean plants, bind nitrogen from the air and make it freely available to plants. Amount of nitrogen fixed depends on the ability of a strain to form nodules, nodule effectiveness and environmental conditions. On land – land that had been planted with soybeans, inoculation with Bradyrizhobium bacteria are often not required. To test these lands in the district of Ende, NTT has conducted an experiment with a factor in the design of Randomized Complete with nine treatment groups. The treatment consists of (i) inoculation with the soybean crop in the ground former Ekoae (R1), (ii) inokulasi with soil former soybean plants in Ndona (R2), (iii) inoculation of soybean plants with the soil used in Flores (R3), (iv) Brady rhizobium isolates from soybean nodules in Ekoae (R4), (v) Bradyrhizobium isolates from nodules of soybean plants is in Ndona (R5), (v) Bradyrhozobium isolates from nodules of soybean plants at Flores (R6) (vii) a commercial inoculant legin (L), (viii) fertilizer nitrogen (N), and (ix) Control (K). all treatments were repeated 4 times. Land used in these experiments is the land of Ndona. The experiment was carried out since faculty, Udayana University. The highest percentage of effective nodules on the treatment Bradyrhizobium isolates from sybean nodules in Ndona (R5). Total nitrogen levels at the age of 45 HST in the highest in soybean plants that received 100 kg ha-1 urea and soybeans that have a desolate Bradyrhizobium inoculation of soybean nodules in Ndona (R). Efficiency and levels of symbiotic nitrogen fixation result obtained highest in soybean plants that received an inoculation Bradyrhizobium diisolat soybean nodules in Ndona (R5). Oven dry weight of plants that from the age of 45 HST on all isolates are equivalent to the oven-dry weight of plants at the fertilization of 100 kg ha- 1 urea. The result shoed that the land – the land of Ekoae, Ndona and Fkres have high Bradirhizobium contain bacteria. Bacteria Bradyrhizobium cp. Most numerous in the isolates from soybean nodules in Ndona (R5) the most efficient from effective nodules is 82.26% and as high as the 0.52% N fixate. These results indicate that isolates from Ndona Bradyrhizobiun veeb able to form effective nonudel on yoy beans grown in soil from Ndona. The result also indicates inoculation with a commercial inoculant was obtained not on land – land planted with soybeans used

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Perbedaan Kebutuhan Nitrogen untuk Produksi Kedelai di Tanah Mineral dan Mineral Bergambut Dengan Budidaya Jenuh Air

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan ◽

10.21082/jpptp.v35n3.2016.p217-227 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bachtiar ◽

Munif Ghulamahdi ◽

Maya Melati ◽

Dwi Guntoro ◽

Atang Sutandi

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Land Type ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants

Development of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) in tidal land are faced with problems physical, chemical and biological soil properties, such as high organic matter, high soil acidity, toxicity of Fe and Al, and deficiency of nutrients N, P , K, Ca and Mg. N content is high (> 0.51%) but with low availability. The research objective is to determine the dose and timing of N, P and K application in accordance with the needs of soybean plants to have optimally growth and production in mineral and peaty mineral soil in tidal land. The research was conducted in mineral and peaty mineral soil of tidal land type C and B, District of Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin Regency, Province of South Sumatra from April to August 2014. The model is linear using split plots in a randomized block design. Varieties of Willis and Tanggamus were used for nitrogen application experiment. The time of fertilizer application is at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), 2, 3, 4 and 5 WAP, and 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 WAP. The concentration of nitrogen is 7,5; 10; 12,5 and 15 g/l water with spraying volume of 400 l/ha. In the mineral soil, dry weight of nodules and Willis biomass increased with increasing frequency time of fertilization, otherwise Tanggamus more fluctuating and declined at higher frequency of fertilization. Wilis variety generating the highest production of 3,5 ton/ha. In the peaty mineral soil, dry weight of nodules and biomass were not significant. Willis productivity tends to decrease with increasing nitrogen concentrations. Tanggamus productivity tends to increase with increasing nitrogen concentration at all level of time fertilization. Tanggamus tend to generate higher productivity of 3,2 ton/ha.

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Pertumbuhan Batang Pada Beberapa Varietas Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Terhadap Jenis Tanah Aluvial, Regosol Dan Latosol

STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa ◽

10.36456/stigma.13.1.2419.24-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 24-32

Author(s):

Kurniawan M.R.D ◽

P. S. Ajiningrum

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Length ◽

Test Results ◽

Hypocotyl Length ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants

This study aims to determine the growth of 10 superior soybean varieties planted in 3 different types of soil (alluvial, regosol and latosol) and to find out whether the 3 types of soil give an effect to the growth of 10 superior soybean varieties viewed from 4 parameters (hypocotyl length, length epicotiles, stem length and stem dry weight).This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 10 varieties of soybean plants (anjasmoro, argomulyo, detam 1, detam 3 prida, detam 4 prida, detap 1, devon 1, devon 2, yellow gepak and deja 1) and 3 types of soil (alluvial, regosol, and latosol) was repeated 2 times. Data were analyzed using the two-way ANAVA 5% test and the 5% DMRT test. The results showed a significant difference in soybean growth. The best soybean varieties in hypocotyl length are Devon 2, in epicotile length are Anjasmoro, Devon 1 and Devon 2, the stem length and dry weight of the stem are Detap 1. The DMRT test results state that all three soil types (alluvial, regosol and latosol) have influence on the parameters of hypocotyl length and epicotyl length, whereas the parameters of stem length and plant dry weight have no effect. Keywords: Soybean, Variety, Growing test

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Evaluation of physiological characteristics of curcuma (Curcuma xanthorhizha Roxb.) on various intercropping patterns with soybean [Gglycine max (L.) Merrill]

International Journal of Plant Biology ◽

10.4081/pb.2017.6905 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ellis Nihayati ◽

Deffi Armita ◽

Binti Rulliyah

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Equivalent Ratio ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽

Soybean Plants

Purpose of this research was to get the best planting pattern on Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Synm. Curcuma javanica) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) related to plants production, land equivalent ratio (LER) and R/C ratio. This research used the randomized block design involving six treatments and four replications. The growth pattern and yield of curcuma were based on the following parameters: length of plant, number of leaf, broad of leaf, fresh and dry weight of leaves, curcuma root and rhizome, LER (land equivalent ratio) and R/C ratio within six months from December 2015 to June 2016. The treatment difference was based on the LSD5%. The result showed that curcuma planted one month earlier under narrow spacing and bigger soybean population (strip relay, T-K)) suggested a longer growth than any other plating patterns. On the contrary, curcuma planted one month earlier under wide spacing and fewer number of soybean plants (row relay, T-K) suggested a better growth than others and resulting in the highest curcuma yield, lower soybean yield, LER=1.09 dan R/C=2.36.

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Response of soybean (Glycine max L.) that was applied by various liquid organic fertilizer in climate change at acid soil

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 883 (1) ◽

pp. 012041

Author(s):

Jamilah ◽

Rapialdi ◽

M Ernita

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Significance Level ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants

Abstract Acidic soils are formed from rapid climate change. Acid soils have problems in it, among others; high levels of Al, Fe, and Mn and the unavailability of elements P and N for staple crops. Indonesia imports almost 70% of its domestic requirement. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of soybean plants that were given various types of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) to climate change in acid soils. Experiments have been carried out in acid soil in the Kuranji area of Padang City. Materials needed include; Mutiara-1 seed. The lime and LOF trials were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with 9 treatments namely; without calcification and without LOF (A); give lime equivalent to 1 x Exchangeable Al and without LOF (Control) (B); Crocober (C); Crocoberma (D); Crocoberderma (E); Titocroco (F); Titocrocoma (G); (H); Trichoderma harzianum (I). The observational data were analyzed statistically by using an F level of 5% significance level if the treatment had a significant effect, it was followed by a LSD test of 5% significance level. Observation parameters include; agronomic, pH soil. Experimental results established that given of dolomite lime can increase soil pH, Titocrocoma LOF accompanied by liming gives the best effect on soybean varieties Mutiara-1 at vegetative stadium, produces 3.45 Mg ha−1 forage dry weight equivalent to107,64 kg N ha−1 or 618,93 kg ha−1 crude protein.

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Seed quality response of soybean to weed control timing using glyphosate

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-225 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 1213-1219

Author(s):

S. Y. C. Essah ◽

U. R. Bishnoi

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cold Test ◽

Southeast United States ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Quality Response

Field and laboratory studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998 in the southeast United States to determine the influence of timing of glyphosate application on seed germination (standard germination and germination index) and vigor (cold test emergence, accelerated aged emergence, and seed conductivity) of three glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars that belong to different maturity groups (MG). The soybean cultivars used were H4994 (MG IV — early maturing), H5164 (MG V — medium maturing) and H6686 (MG VI — late maturing). Weeds were controlled by glyphosate applied at 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 wk after soybean emergence (WAE). Using glyphosate to control weeds at 5 WAE or later in the early- and medium-maturing cultivars (H4994 and H5164) results in soybean plants able to produce seeds with more vigor and germinability than when weeds are removed earlier. For late-maturing cultivar H6686, weed control at 4 WAE produces seeds with higher germination and vigor than when weeds are removed later. Key words: Glyphosate, weed control timing, soybean, seed germination and vigor, weed dry weight

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Vigor Testing of 15 Lots of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Seeds Stored for 12 Months at Low Temperatures

Biosfer Jurnal Tadris Biologi ◽

10.24042/biosfer.v1i1.4461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Desi Rizki Amelia ◽

Yayuk Nurmiaty ◽

Niar Nurmauli ◽

Agustiansyah Agustiansyah ◽

Ermawati Ermawati

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Mean Value ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

The Mean ◽

The One

The purpose of this study was to determine the vigor growth strength of Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Burangrang seed varieties based on three doses categories of SP-36 fertilizer stored for 12 months. The treatment was done separately by separating 15 seed lots. The mean value was determined using the Orthogonal contrast test. The results showed that the large-seeded soybean varieties (Grobogan and Burangrang) had higher seed vigor compared to the small-seeded soybean varieties (Anjasmoro) based on the variables of the germination speed, vigor index, normal dry weight, germination growth, and maximum growth potential. The Grobogan variety produced higher seed vigor than Burangrang variety based on vigor index and germination. Anjasmoro and Grobogan varieties without fertilization produced a lower vigor compared to the one with recommended fertilizer doses (100 and 150 kg/ha) and above the recommended fertilizer doses (200 and 250 kg/ha) based on the rate of germination growth and the vigor index. Grobogan variety with recommended fertilizer dose (100 kg/ha) had the highest seed vigor compared to other varieties. Pengujian Vigor 15 Lot Benih Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) Yang Disimpan 12 Bulan Pada Suhu RendahABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Mengetahui vigor kekuatan tumbuh benih kombinasi Varietas Anjasmoro, Grobogan, dan Burangrang pada tiga kategori dosis pupuk SP-36 yang telah disimpan 12 bulan. Rancangan perlakuan disusun secara tunggal yaitu 15 lot benih dan pemisahan nilai tengah menggunakan uji Orthogonal contrass. Hasil penelitian menunjukan varietas kedelai berbiji besar (Grobogan dan burangrang) lebih tinggi vigor benihnya dari varietas kedelai berbiji kecil (Anjasmoro) berdasarkan variabel kecepatan perkecamabahan, indeks vigor, bobot kering kecambah normal, daya berkecamabah dan potensi tumbuh maksimum. Perbandingan varietas Grobogan menghasilkan vigor benih yang lebih tinggi dari varietas Burangrang berdasarkan variabel indeks vigor dan daya berkecambah. Varietas Anjasmoro dan Grobogan tanpa pemupukan menghasilkan vigor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan penambahan dosis pupuk rekomendasi (100 dan 150 kg/ha) dan diatas rekomendasi (200 dan 250 kg/ha) berdasrkan variavel kecepatan perkecmabahan dan indeks vigor. Varietas Grobogan dengan penambahan dosis rekomendasi (100 kg/ha) memiliki vigor benih yang paling tinggi dibandingkan perbandingan lainnya.

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Yield components and nitrogen partitioning of maize in response to nitrogen before and after anthesis

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9871001 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

CJ Pearson ◽

BC Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Nitrogen Partitioning ◽

Grain Number ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Before And After ◽

Grain Nitrogen ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Nitrogen Treatments

Zea mays hybrid XL66 was grown with irrigation in sand in the field and subjected to different rates of nitrogen supply from floral initiation to anthesis and again from anthesis to maturity. Nitrogen supply during spikelet differentiation affected grain number markedly. Nitrogen supply during grain filling had a small but significant effect on the rate of grain filling and an effect on the rate of nitrogen entry to the grain, causing a 1.3-fold change in percentage grain nitrogen. Increasing the nitrogen supply produced larger plants, but the distribution of nitrogen and dry weight among plant parts were similar and the harvest indices for dry weight (0.46) and nitrogen (0.66) were the same over all nitrogen treatments. We found no evidence that shoot size per se controlled grain number or rate of grain growth; rather, fertilizer management during spikelet differentiation had most effect on yield of XL66.

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Sink strength of citrus rootstocks under water deficit

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpab008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Simone F da Silva ◽

Marcela T Miranda ◽

Vladimir E Costa ◽

Eduardo C Machado ◽

Rafael V Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Root Growth ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Carbon Allocation ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Carbon Supply ◽

Valencia Orange ◽

Source Sink ◽

Orange Trees

Abstract Carbon allocation between source and sink organs determines plant growth and is influenced by environmental conditions. Under water deficit, plant growth is inhibited before photosynthesis and shoot growth tends to be more sensitive than root growth. However, the modulation of source-sink relationship by rootstocks remain unsolved in citrus trees under water deficit. Citrus plants grafted on Rangpur lime are drought tolerant, which may be related to a fine coordination of the source-sink relationship for maintaining root growth. Here, we followed 13C allocation and evaluated physiological responses and growth of Valencia orange trees grafted on three citrus rootstocks (Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin) under water deficit. As compared to plants on Swingle and Sunki rootstocks, ones grafted on Rangpur lime showed higher stomatal sensitivity to the initial variation of water availability and less accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in roots under water deficit. High 13C allocation found in Rangpur lime roots indicates this rootstock has high sink demand associated with high root growth under water deficit. Our data suggest that Rangpur lime rootstock used photoassimilates as sources of energy and carbon skeletons for growing under drought, which is likely related to increases in root respiration. Taken together, our data revealed that carbon supply by leaves and delivery to roots are critical for maintaining root growth and improving drought tolerance, with citrus rootstocks showing differential sink strength under water deficit.

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