Impact of diet type and xylanase supplementation on the ileal digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in growing-finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Laurie Dickner-Ouellet ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Candido Pomar ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
By Products ◽  
Diet Type

In experiment, six pigs fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed six diets in a 6×6 Latin square design. Treatments were corn-soybean meal diet (CS), diet containing wheat by-products (WBP), and diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles and canola meal (DDCM) without or with xylanase (X) supplementation (CS-X, WBP-X and DDCM-X). The WBP and DDCM diets had higher AID of lipids and ADF (P < 0.05) than CS diets. A xylanase×diet interaction was observed for the AID NDF (P < 0.05) showing larger impact of xylanase in WBP than in the other diets. Using similar dietary treatments except for CS-X, growth and body composition of the sixty males (83.0 kg) at the end of the d28 growing phase showed that pig fed the CS had greater ADFI (P = 0.004) and ADG (P = 0.014) for period 0-14d but not from 15 28d. Overall performance (0-28d) showed higher ADFI (9.5%; P = 0.015) in CS but no difference was observed for ADG and G:F. These results showed that diets containing a high proportion of by-products can give equivalent performance to a CS diet and that adding xylanase for this short period had limited.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in canola meal fed to gestating and lactating sows1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4219-4226
Author(s):  
Deepak Ettungapladi Velayudhan ◽  
Manik M Hossain ◽  
Hans H Stein ◽  
C Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Collection Phase

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in solvent extracted canola meal (CM) fed to gestating and lactating sows without or with a multi-enzyme complex. Eight sows cannulated on day 40 of gestation were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The 4 diets included 2 cornstarch-based diets with 31.3% CM as the only source of AA, without or with a multi-enzyme complex, a casein-cornstarch diet to determine ileal endogenous AA losses, and a phosphorus-free diet (phosphorus digestibility data reported elsewhere). All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Gestating sows were fed 3.0 kg/d of the respective experimental diets, whereas, during lactation, sows had ad libitum access to experimental diets. Ileal digesta samples were collected in midgestation, late gestation, and lactation. In each period, after 6-d acclimation to the experimental diets, on days 7 and 8, ileal digesta samples were collected continuously for 12 h. Results indicated that sows in lactation had greater apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and all AA (P < 0.05) compared with sows in gestation. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the AID of histidine, lysine, methionine, valine, and alanine, and a tendency (P < 0.10) for improvement in AID was observed for arginine, isoleucine, tryptophan, and cysteine during lactation, but not during gestation. However, the SID of most AA was not affected by collection phase, but enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the SID of arginine, histidine, lysine, methionine, and valine during lactation. The SID of indispensable AA in CM fed to gestating and lactating sows were as follows: arginine, 89.2 and 91.3%; histidine, 93.1 and 94.0%; isoleucine, 85.9 and 87.0%; leucine, 89.2 and 89.2%; lysine, 87.0 and 87.7%; methionine, 92.2 and 93.2%; phenylalanine, 89.2 and 87.8%; threonine, 84.3 and 82.7%; tryptophan, 88.1 and 91.5%; valine, 85.9 and 84.3%. In conclusion, the SID of AA in CM fed to lactating sows may be improved if a mixture of carbohydrases is included in the diet, but under the conditions of this experiment, the carbohydrase mixture did not affect SID of AA in CM fed to gestating sows in midgestation or late gestation.

Comparison of apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium sources for pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zhang ◽  
D. Ragland ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Two experiments were conducted to compare apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of calcium (Ca) in pigs. In experiment 1, three semipurified diets with soybean meal, canola meal, or sunflower meal as the sole source of Ca were formulated. Eighteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 66 ± 5 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to three treatments and six replicates per treatment. Results indicated that for either Ca or phosphorus (P), the ATTD was not different from the AID in the three diets (Psite = 0.16 and 0.81, respectively). In experiment 2, diets with four Ca concentrations were formulated with calcium carbonate as the Ca source. Sixteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 73 ± 4 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to four treatments in two experimental periods. The results indicated that the ATTD of Ca was not different from the AID for all diets. Furthermore, the Ca digestibility was not affected by dietary treatments, but the P digestibility was linearly improved (P < 0.01) as dietary Ca and P concentrations increased. Thus, it is concluded that both AID and ATTD can be used to describe the digestibility of Ca for growing–finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-653
Author(s):  
Shelby M Curry ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Julian Wiseman ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA by growing pigs in European distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) produced from wheat, maize, or wheat–maize mixtures and to test the effect of increasing the inclusion levels of wheat DDGS on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs fed diets balanced for NE and SID Lys. In Exp. 1, 12 barrows (initial BW: 23.0 ± 2.2 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a replicated 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets and six periods. Five sources of European DDGS were used: wheat DDGS from 2011, wheat DDGS from 2012, wheat-80 DDGS (80% wheat and 20% maize), wheat-70 DDGS (70% wheat and 30% maize), and maize DDGS. Each diet contained one source of DDGS as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Results indicated that the SID of CP was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in maize DDGS compared with wheat DDGS from 2011, wheat DDGS from 2012, and wheat-70 DDGS. The SID of all indispensable AA except Trp was also greater (P &lt; 0.05) in maize DDGS compared with all other DDGS sources used in this experiment. For Trp, the SID in wheat-80 DDGS, wheat DDGS from 2011, and wheat DDGS from 2012 were not different from maize DDGS, but were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in wheat-70 DDGS. The SID for all indispensable AA except Ile and Trp in wheat-70 DDGS were not different from the values calculated for wheat DDGS from 2011 and wheat DDGS from 2012, and no differences between SID values for AA in wheat DDGS from 2011 and wheat DDGS from 2012 were observed. In Exp. 2, 36 growing pigs (initial BW: 38.3 ± 1.97 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments (one pig/pen and nine replicate pigs/treatment) in a 2-phase feeding program (35 to 65, and 35 to 105 kg BW). The four dietary treatments included diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% wheat DDGS. Results indicated that there was no effect of wheat DDGS on pig growth performance or carcass quality. However, addition of wheat DDGS increased linearly (P &lt; 0.015) the indole concentration in the carcasses of the pigs. In conclusion, the SID of AA in maize DDGS produced in Europe is greater than in European wheat DDGS and DDGS produced from mixtures of wheat and maize, but inclusion of 30% wheat DDGS in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs did not affect growth performance or carcass quality.

Variability of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in canola meal for growing-finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Fan ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
V. M. Gabert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Studies were conducted with six barrows, average initial body weigh 32.5 kg, fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, to determine some of the factors responsible for the variability in apparent ileal digestibility values of amino acids (AA) in canola meal. The barrows were fed six corn starch-based diets, formulated to contain 18.0% crude protein (CP) on a dry matter (DM) basis from six canola meal samples, according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as a digestibility marker. The pigs were fed twice daily, at 08:00 and 20:00 h. The dietary allowance was 1600 g d−1. Each experimental period consisted of 8 d. Ileal digesta were collected at 2-h intervals, for a total of 24 h from 08:00 on day 6 to 08:00 h on day 8. With the exception of proline, there were differences (P < 0.05) in the apparent ileal digestibility values of all AA among the six canola meal samples. Of the indispensable AA in canola meal, the digestibility values of arginine, histidine, and methionine were relatively high, ranging from 79.4 to 84.4, from 76.5 to 81.0%, and from 77.3 to 82.4%, respectively, while the digestibility values of threonine and tryptophan were relatively low, ranging from 59.7 to 66.5 and from 61.7 to 67.5%, respectively. Furthermore, with the exception of arginine, the digestibility values of the indispensable AA were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) content in canola meal. In addition with the exception of threonine, tryptophan and valine, the digestibility values of the indispensable AA were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with their respective dietary levels. In conclusion, measured with the ileal analysis method, there were differences (P < 0.05) in the digestibility values of the majority of AA among the canola meal samples. Differences in NDF content were mainly responsible for the variation. In addition, differences in the dietary levels of most AA also contributed, in part, to the variation of AA digestibility values. Key words: Amino acids, ileal digestibility, canola meal, pigs

scholarly journals PSIV-1 Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Dry Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs Without or With Organic Acids and Multi-Carbohydrase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) is an attractive feed ingredient for swine not only as a protein source but also as a good source of energy because of its high fat content. Apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in DESBM fed without or with organic acid (OA) and a multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation to growing pigs were determined. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (17.3 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods, each consisting of 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Four cornstarch-based diets with 44.4% DESBM as the only source of AA, without or with OA and MC supplementation, and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet were used. All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model procedures of SAS, with the final model including OA, MC, and the interaction between OA and MC as the main effects. The SID of indispensable AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs were: Arg, 93.2%; His, 85.1%; Ile, 87.1%; Leu, 87.6%; Lys, 88.7%; Met, 87.8%; Phe, 88.4%; Thr, 81.4%; Trp, 73.6%; Val, 84.5%. OA supplementation decreased the AID and SID (P &lt; 0.05) of Arg, Ile, Asp, and Glu, and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease the AID and SID of Phe, Trp, Cys, Gly, and Tyr. MC supplementation did not affect the AID and SID of AA, and no interactive effect on AA digestibility was observed between OA and MC supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of OA and MC showed no positive effects on improving AA digestibility in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

Variability of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in different pea samples for growing-finishing pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Fan ◽  
W. C. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Six barrows, average initial body weight 32.5 kg, fitted with a simple T-can-nula at the distal ileum, were used to investigate factors responsible for the variability of apparent ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values among six pea samples. The barrows were fed six corn-starch-based diets, formulated to contain 16.5% crude protein (CP) (as-fed) from six different pea samples, according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as the digestibility marker. The pigs were fed twice daily, at 0800 and 2000 h. The dietary allowance was 1600 g−1. Each experimental period lasted 7 d. Ileal digesta were collected at 2-h intervals for a total of 24 h from 0800 h on day 6 to 0800 h on day 8. With the exception of arginine, cysteine, histidine, and methionine, there were differences (P < 0.05) in the apparent ileal digestibility values of the indispensable including semi-essential (+semi-) AA among the pea samples. Of the indispensable AA (+semi-) within each pea sample, the digestibility values of arginine and lysine were relatively high, ranging from 88.3 to 91.3% and from 78.7 to 85.2%, respectively, while the digestibility values of cysteine, methionine, and tryptophan were relatively low, ranging from 53.8 to 62.7%, from 69.4 to 75.4%, and from 53.1 to 70.4%, respectively. With the exception of arginine, cysteine, and tryptophan, the ileal digestibility values of the indispensable AA (+semi-) were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the neu-tral-detergent fiber content in the pea samples. Of all the AA, only the digestibility of tryptophan was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the trypsin inhibitor activity in the pea samples. The significant finding of this study was that with the exception of arginine, cysteine, and proline, differences in the digestibility values of all other AA in the pea samples were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with their respective dietary AA contents. This suggests that differences in AA levels in the assay diets were responsible for the variability of apparent ileal digestibility values of AA between pea samples. Therefore, to eliminate this methodological effect, true rather than apparent ileal AA digestibility values for peas should be determined. Key words: Amino acids, ileal digestibility, peas, pigs

scholarly journals PSVII-21 Determination of apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in various hatchery by-products for broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
Geun Hyeon Park ◽  
Hyeon Seok Choi ◽  
Jong Hyuk Kim ◽  
Gi Ppeum Han ◽  
Sang Yun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
By Products

Abstract The Korean poultry industry produces more than 4,000 tons of hatchery by-products (HBPs) every year. There is an increasing interest in the use of HBPs as a feed ingredient in The Korean feed industry. However, limited information regarding nutritional values for HBPs has been available. Thus, we conducted an experiment to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in 4 different HBPs for broiler chickens. Four HBPs included infertile eggs (IFE), unhatched eggs (UHE), low grade and dead chicks (LDC), and mixture (MIX) containing 55% IFE, 10% UHE, 10% LDC, and 25% hatched eggshells. A total of three-hundred-thirty-six 21-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates per treatment. Each diet contained individual HBP as a sole source of AAs. Additional 125 birds were used to estimate ileal endogenous losses of AAs. Results indicated that the AID and SID of 5 essential AAs (Arg, Met, Trp, His, and Val) for LDC were greatest (P &lt; 0.05), but those (Arg, Met, and Trp) for MIX were the least (P &lt; 0.05) among 4 HBPs. The AID and SID of most AAs in IFE were comparable to those in UHE. However, the AID and SID of 3 essential AAs (Lys, Leu, and Phe) were not different among 4 HBPs. The average AID and SID of both essential and nonessential AAs (18 AAs) for LDC were greatest (P &lt; 0.05), but those for MIX were the least (P &lt; 0.05) among 4 HBPs. In conclusion, HBPs used in this experiment contain high amounts of digestible AAs, which are comparable to other animal by-products. Generally, AAs in LDC are more digestible than AAs in other 3 HBPs (UHE, IFE, and MIX).

Amino acid digestibility in camelina products fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Almeida ◽  
J. K. Htoo ◽  
J. Thomson ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Camelina Oil

Almeida, F. N., Htoo, J. K., Thomson, J. and Stein, H. H. 2013. Amino acid digestibility in camelina products fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 335–343. Camelina seed production has increased in North America because of demand for camelina oil for biofuel production. Camelina expellers (CE) is the co-product that remains after oil has been expelled, and CE usually contains approximately 35% crude protein (CP), 14% ether extract, 10% crude fiber, and 5% ash making it an attractive feedstuff for livestock. An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA) in two sources of camelina seeds [CS-1 and CS-2; average: 39% acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), 28% CP, 27% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 12% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 4% ash] and in three sources of CE (CE-1, CE-2, and CE-3; average: 35% CP, 24% NDF, 15% AEE, 14% ADF, 6% ash) and to compare the SID of CP and AA in camelina products with the SID of CP and AA in solvent-extracted canola meal fed to pigs. Seven growing pigs (initial BW 43.5 kg) were randomly allotted to a 7×7 Latin square design with seven diets fed to individually housed pigs over seven periods. Six of the diets contained CS, CE, or canola meal as the sole source of CP and AA and a N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The SID of CP in CS-1 and CE-2 was less (P<0.01) than the SID of CP in canola meal, but the SID of CP in CS-2, CE-1, and CE-3 was not different from the SID of CP in canola meal. The SID of Lys in CS-1 and CS-2 was less (P<0.01) than in canola meal, but the SID of Lys was not different among CE-1, CE-2, CE-3, and canola meal. Results from this experiment indicate that the SID of AA in CE is mostly comparable with that of canola meal, but the digestibility of CP and AA in the two camelina seeds was somewhat less than in CE and canola meal. Camelina expellers may, therefore, be included in diets fed to pigs.

scholarly journals Crystalline amino acids do not influence calculated values for standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients included in diets for pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
Jerubella J Abelilla ◽  
Neil W Jaworski ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of crystalline amino acids (AA) to diets during the adaptation or collection periods will not influence calculated values for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Seven ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight: 77.9 ± 2.6 kg) were allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin Square design with 7 dietary treatments and 7 periods. Dietary treatments included feeding diets based on corn or SBM without or with crystalline AA for the entire 7-d period or with crystalline AA during the adaptation period, but without crystalline AA during the collection period. An N-free diet was also used. Each experimental period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diets followed by 2 d of ileal digesta collection, with digesta being collected for 9 hr/d starting after feeding the morning meal. Thus, the entire experiment lasted 49 d. The AID and SID of crude protein (CP) and AA were calculated using values determined in corn or in SBM without or with crystalline AA to determine if crystalline AA influenced calculated values for AID or SID of CP and AA. Results indicated that addition of crystalline AA to diets fed during the entire 7-d period increased (P &lt; 0.05) AID of some AA in corn and SBM. However, no differences in SID of CP and AA were observed between pigs fed the diets without crystalline AA and pigs fed the diets with crystalline AA if dietary crystalline AA were ignored in calculations of SID values. This indicates that crystalline AA were 100% absorbed before the distal ileum and did not affect calculated values for SID of AA if calculations were based only on the AA in corn or SBM. Therefore, it is concluded that crystalline AA may be added to experimental diets in digestibility experiments before and during collection periods without affecting results, if crystalline AA are disregarded in the calculation of AID or SID of AA in ingredients.

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