Evaluation of Freeway Travel Speed Estimation Using Anonymous Cellphones as Probes: A Field Study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Z. Qiu ◽  
Haihang Han ◽  
Liqun Peng ◽  
Ai Teng ◽  
Chenhao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Wireless Location ◽  
Traffic State ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Busy Road

The high penetration rate of mobile phones among drivers and passengers indicates an opportunity for obtaining detailed information on vehicle spatial movement and estimating traffic state at a lower cost than traditional traffic monitoring techniques. In this study, we examine and assess the use of cellphones as probes to measure vehicle speeds. Network-based wireless location technology is adopted and calibrated, and the cellphone signalling data is used for traffic state estimation. Then, we introduce the relationship between the cellular network and road network, and explain how it can be used to estimate link-based average travel speed. Cellular probe-based measurements are compared with those obtained by microwave detectors for each five-minute time interval on busy road links along a freeway in Zhejiang, China, on weekdays, weekends, and holidays respectively. The analysis results show that the proposed cellphone-based system can effectively estimate travel speed on freeways with high cellphone penetration rates.

Whos Chatting?: Interplay between Personality and WhatsApp Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
The Relationship

Smartphone-based messaging applications have shown phenomenal growth with the proliferation of the internet coupled with the high penetration of smartphones into masses. The current study is an attempt to understand the relationship between the individuals personality and their use of WhatsApp, a popular smartphone-based messaging application in Indian context. For personality assessment the study takes Big Five Inventory. A questionnaire consisting items on individual WhatsApp use and Big Five Inventory was administered to students in an Indian University. Multiple regression and logistic regression revealed significant relationships between personality and WhatsApp usage and use of its different inbuilt functions.

scholarly journals Impact of diet on the immunological microenvironment of the pregnant uterus and its relationship to allergic disease in the offspring: a review of the recent literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Campelo Batalha Cox Moore ◽  
Pedro Xavier Elsas ◽  
Elisabeth Santos Maximiano ◽  
Maria Ignez Capella Gaspar Elsas
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Immunological Profile ◽  
Dietary Content ◽  
The Relationship

Medical progress has reduced the mortality from infectious diseases in most countries, but allergic diseases have become more prevalent worldwide over the same period, especially in industrialized countries. This has prompted speculation that modern lifestyles have altered the relationship between heredity and environment so as to promote development of an atopic phenotype when exposure to infection decreases. A healthy uterine microenvironment is known to favor Th2 lymphocyte development. However, some evidence suggests that persistence of the Th2 pattern of immunity directs the developing organism's immune response towards a long-lasting atopic phenotype. Even though the outcome also depends on other factors (such as infection, functional state of the intestinal microflora, and exposure to environmental allergens at times critical to development), it seems that the immune system during the perinatal period is responsive to interventions that are no longer effective in adulthood. We have reviewed the literature accessible through Medline to identify recent advances in the prevention of allergic disease through interventions in the fetal-maternal relationship. Diet seems to have a significant impact on the immunological profile of the pregnant uterus, as well as on the postnatal development of allergic disease in the offspring, as suggested by the effects of probiotic bacteria and by manipulations of the dietary content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. This highlights the need for further studies, in order to define the best intervention methods, the most appropriate time interval and the individuals who will most likely benefit from them.

scholarly journals Use of electrochemical sensors for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3575-3588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eben S. Cross ◽  
Leah R. Williams ◽  
David K. Lewis ◽  
Gregory R. Magoon ◽  
Timothy B. Onasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
High Dimensional Model Representation ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract. The environments in which we live, work, and play are subject to enormous variability in air pollutant concentrations. To adequately characterize air quality (AQ), measurements must be fast (real time), scalable, and reliable (with known accuracy, precision, and stability over time). Lower-cost air-quality-sensor technologies offer new opportunities for fast and distributed measurements, but a persistent characterization gap remains when it comes to evaluating sensor performance under realistic environmental sampling conditions. This limits our ability to inform the public about pollution sources and inspire policy makers to address environmental justice issues related to air quality. In this paper, initial results obtained with a recently developed lower-cost air-quality-sensor system are reported. In this project, data were acquired with the ARISense integrated sensor package over a 4.5-month time interval during which the sensor system was co-located with a state-operated (Massachusetts, USA) air quality monitoring station equipped with reference instrumentation measuring the same pollutant species. This paper focuses on validating electrochemical (EC) sensor measurements of CO, NO, NO2, and O3 at an urban neighborhood site with pollutant concentration ranges (parts per billion by volume, ppb; 5 min averages, ±1σ): [CO]  =  231 ± 116 ppb (spanning 84–1706 ppb), [NO]  =  6.1 ± 11.5 ppb (spanning 0–209 ppb), [NO2]  =  11.7 ± 8.3 ppb (spanning 0–71 ppb), and [O3]  =  23.2 ± 12.5 ppb (spanning 0–99 ppb). Through the use of high-dimensional model representation (HDMR), we show that interference effects derived from the variable ambient gas concentration mix and changing environmental conditions over three seasons (sensor flow-cell temperature  =  23.4 ± 8.5 °C, spanning 4.1 to 45.2 °C; and relative humidity  =  50.1 ± 15.3 %, spanning 9.8–79.9 %) can be effectively modeled for the Alphasense CO-B4, NO-B4, NO2-B43F, and Ox-B421 sensors, yielding (5 min average) root mean square errors (RMSE) of 39.2, 4.52, 4.56, and 9.71 ppb, respectively. Our results substantiate the potential for distributed air pollution measurements that could be enabled with these sensors.

scholarly journals Hubungan Perilaku Perdagangan Investor Dengan Volume Perdagangan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazali Syamni
Keyword(s):  
Trading Volume ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Order Pattern ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines the relationship of behavior trading investor using data detailed transaction history-corporate edition demand and order history in Indonesia Stock Exchange during period of March, April and May 2005. Peculiarly, behavior placing of investor order at trading volume. The result of this paper indicates that trading volume order pattern to have pattern U shape. The pattern happened that investors have strong desires to places order at the opening and close of compared to in trading periods. While the largest orders are of market at the opening indicates that investor is more conservatively when opening, where many orders when opening has not happened transaction to match. In placing order both of investor does similar strategy. By definition, informed investors’ orders more large than uninformed investors. If comparison of order examined hence both investors behavior relatively changes over time. But, statistically shows there is not ratio significant. This implies behavior trading of informed investors and uninformed investors stable relative over time. The result from regression analysis indicates that informed investors to correlate at trading volume in all time intervals, but not all uninformed investors correlates in every time interval. This imply investor order inform is more can explain trading volume pattern compared to uninformed investor order in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Finally, result of regression also finds that order status match has greater role determines trading volume pattern intraday especially informed buy match and informed sale match. While amend, open and withdraw unable to have role to determine intraday trading volume pattern.

scholarly journals Validating accelerometry-derived proxies of energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method in the smallest penguin species

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. bio.055475
Author(s):  
G. J. Sutton ◽  
J. A. Botha ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
J. P. Y. Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly-labelled water (DLW) method is widely used to investigate energy expenditure in a range of taxa. Although reliable, DLW data collection and analysis is both financially costly and time consuming. Dynamic body acceleration (e.g. VeDBA) calculated from animal-borne accelerometers has been used to determine behavioural patterns, and is increasingly being used as a proxy for energy expenditure. Still its performance as a proxy for energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is not well established and requires validation against established methods. In the present study, the relationship between VeDBA and the at-sea metabolic rate calculated from DLW was investigated in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) using three approaches. Both in a simple correlation and activity-specific approaches were shown to be good predictors of at-sea metabolic rate. The third approach using activity-specific energy expenditure values obtained from literature did not accurately calculate the energy expended by individuals. However, all three approaches were significantly strengthened by the addition of mean horizontal travel speed. These results provide validation for the use of accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure and show how energy expenditure may be influenced by both individual behaviour and environmental conditions.

A Method for Controlling Arrival Time to Prevent Late Arrival by Manipulating Vehicle Timetable Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Futami ◽  
Tsutomu Terada ◽  
Masahiko Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Target Vehicle ◽  
Late Arrival ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
The Relationship

Although it is socially and ethically important not to be late for a specified arrival time, late arrivals sometimes happen to people using public transportation. Although many methods aim to smooth a user's movement by providing useful information, there are few approaches to prevent late arrivals due to psychological factors. In this research, to make a user's arrival time earlier and thus prevent late arrival, we propose a method that manipulates time allowance by presenting information based on a psychological and cognitive tendency. We apply this method to a vehicle timetable system for the purpose of preventing public transit users from arriving after a target vehicle's departure time. Our proposed timetable system manipulates the time intervals between a user's target vehicle and other vehicles by introducing fictional elements such as hidden vehicles and inserted fictional vehicles. This method uses the relationship between the time allowance and the departure time interval, and it can make a user desire and accept arriving at a station earlier. We implemented a prototype system and conducted four experiments. The evaluation results confirmed that our proposed method is effective for changing a user's time allowance and actual arrival time.

The Relationship between Advertising and Product Quality over the Product Life Cycle: A Contingency Theory

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Tellis ◽  
Claes Fornell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Consumer Response ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between advertising and product quality has been a controversial topic in the literature because of conflicting empirical evidence and divergent theories about advertising's effects. The authors present an integrative theory based on consumer response to advertising and the costs of producing quality products. The theory posits that the relationship between advertising and quality is stronger when (1) quality is produced at lower cost and (2) consumers are less responsive to advertising. Such a scenario is more likely during the latter stages of the product life cycle. An empirical test supports this argument.

scholarly journals Research on Traffic Acoustic Event Detection Algorithm Based on Sparse Autoencoder

2020 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Zhang ◽  
Yongsheng Chen ◽  
Guichen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Vector ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Acoustic Event ◽  
Traffic State ◽  
Sparse Autoencoder ◽  
New Research

Road traffic monitoring is very important for intelligent transportation. The detection of traffic state based on acoustic information is a new research direction. A vehicles acoustic event classification algorithm based on sparse autoencoder is proposed to analysis the traffic state. Firstly, the multidimensional Mel-cepstrum features and energy features are extracted to form a feature vector of 125 features; Secondly, based on the computed features, the five-layers autoencoder is trained. Finally, vehicle audio samples are collected and the trained autoencoder is tested. The experimental results show that detection rate of the traffic acoustic event reaches 94.9%, which is 12.3% higher than that of the traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithm.

Research State of Combine Threshing Unit Monitoring System and Insufficiency and Emphasis in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 1026-1030
Author(s):  
Cheng Wen Zhang ◽  
Chong You Wu ◽  
Su Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Drive Pulley ◽  
Fault Diagnostic ◽  
The Relationship

This article summarizes the development of United States, Japan and other foreign combine threshing part monitoring system. Meanwhile it analyses the research status of China from two aspects of fault diagnostic and the relationship with feed rate. Which is specifically illustrated the present researching status of the fault alarm, fault warning, troubleshooting, and the relationship be-tween feed rate and travel speed, roller torque, the drive pulley oil pressure relations. At last it con-cludes the insufficiency in the present studies and points out the direction of the strengthened re-search that is model of real-time controlling about feed rate.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Temperature and CO2: Hen-or-Egg Causality?

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis ◽  
Zbigniew Kundzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is common knowledge that increasing CO2 concentration plays a major role in enhancement of the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. The purpose of this study is to complement the conventional and established theory that increased CO2 concentration due to human emissions causes an increase of temperature, by considering the reverse causality. Since increased temperature causes an increase in CO2 concentration, the relationship of atmospheric CO2 and temperature may qualify as belonging to the category of “hen-or-egg” problems, where it is not always clear which of two interrelated events is the cause and which the effect. We examine the relationship of global temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration at the monthly time step, covering the time interval 1980–2019, in which reliable instrumental measurements are available. While both causality directions exist, the results of our study support the hypothesis that the dominant direction is T → CO2. Changes in CO2 follow changes in T by about six months on a monthly scale, or about one year on an annual scale. We attempt to interpret this mechanism by involving biochemical reactions, as at higher temperatures soil respiration, and hence CO2 emission, are increasing.

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