Age and growth rate variation influence the functional relationship between somatic and otolith size

Curves describing the length–otolith size relationships for juveniles and adults of six fish species with widely differing biological characteristics were fitted simultaneously to fish length and otolith size at age, assuming that deviations from those curves are correlated rather than independent. The trajectories of the somatic and otolith growth curves throughout life, which reflect changing ratios of somatic to otolith growth rates, varied markedly among species and resulted in differing trends in the relationships formed between fish and otolith size. Correlations between deviations from predicted values were always positive. Dependence of length on otolith growth rate (i.e., “growth effect”) and “correlated errors in variables” introduce bias into parameter estimates obtained from regressions describing the allometric relationships between fish lengths and otolith sizes. The approach taken in this study to describe somatic and otolith growth accounted for both of these effects and that of age to produce more reliable determinations of the length–otolith size relationships used for back-calculation and assumed when drawing inferences from sclerochronological studies.

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Somatic Growth Effects on the Otolith–Fish Size Relationship in Young Pond-reared Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f89-015 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 163

Author(s):

David H. Secor ◽

John Mark Dean

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Striped Bass ◽

Somatic Growth ◽

Morone Saxatilis ◽

Fish Length ◽

Fish Size ◽

Somatic Growth Rate ◽

Size Relationship ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Otolith Size

Somatic growth rate of pond-reared larval and juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis, influenced the relationship between otolith size and fish size. Slower growing groups of individuals had larger and heavier otoliths, relative to fish length, than did faster growing groups. Within each growth group, otolith and fish size were highly correlated. Daily increment formation was validated from 10 to 51 d after hatch. Significant interaction occurred between age and fish size effects on otolith size. We propose that otolith growth occurs by two interacting processes. Otoliths grow daily in an incremental manner which is independent of somatic growth. Growth also proceeds continuously within each daily cycle of increment deposition, probably in some proportion to daily somatic growth. Corollaries to the hypotheses are (1) somatic growth rate can influence the otolith–fish size relationship, (2) intraspecific variation in otolith scaling might be used to predict past differences in somatic growth rate, and (3) there is a biological rationale for the use of otolith size and fish size as predictors in age estimation.

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Larval Fish Age, Growth, and Body Shrinkage: Information Available from Otoliths

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f89-237 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 1884-1894 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Richard L. Radtke

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Quadratic Function ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Fish Length ◽

Elapsed Time ◽

Developmental Rates ◽

The Relationship

External and internal examination of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths for macrostructure and microstructure, by light and scanning electron microscopy, indicated daily rhythmic patterns. The first daily increment developed the day after hatching. Sagittae changed shape from spherical to oblong at 20 d and to crenulated at 50−60 d old. Cod were reared at three temperatures (6,8 and 10 °C), to provide a range of growth and developmental rates. Distinctive marks formed at yolk-sac absorption, initiation of feeding and settlement. It was possible to determine age and growth rate from otolith analyses. The relationship between otolith length and fish size was independent of growth rate; it followed a quadratic function for the smaller individuals (< 6.5 mm), and it was linear in individuals greater than 25 mm. Larval fish shrank considerably at death. The magnitude of shrinkage was dependent on larval length, and the elapsed time between death and fixation. Immediate fixation in ethanol resulted in minimal shrinkage. The relationship between fish length and otolith diameter may be used to correct for shrinkage associated with collection and death.

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Age and Growth of Jack Mackerel, Trachurus declivis (Jenyns), from South-eastern Australian Waters

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9790001 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

BF Webb ◽

CJ Grant

Keyword(s):

Geometric Mean ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Fish Length ◽

Jack Mackerel ◽

Otolith Growth ◽

Growth Rings ◽

South Eastern ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Jack mackerel data were collected between October 1973 and February 1976 from south-eastern Australian waters. Otoliths were read using reflected light on (1) the surface of the whole otolith and (2) the broken and burnt transverse sections of the same otolith. Growth rings were read to 13 years in the first method and to 16 years in the second. Otolith radius (R, nucleus to posterior margin) measured along the concave surface was related to fish length (L) in a curvilinear form: R = 2.39L0.6635. Otolith intermediate radii (rn) plotted against fish length for ages 1 to 10 years indicated a regular deposition of growth rings. Growth according to the von Bertalanffy equation was slow (L∞ = 46.3, K = 0.23). No significant difference between the mean lengths was apparent between sexes at most ages. The geometric mean regressions of length on weight indicated differences between fish in spawning and non-spawning condition.

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High-latitude climate variability and its effect on fisheries resources as revealed by fossil cod otoliths

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsr017 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1081-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Audrey J. Geffen ◽

Hans Høie ◽

Arild Folkvord ◽

Anne Karin Hufthammer ◽

Carin Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

High Latitude ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Fish Length ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Otolith Growth ◽

Fisheries Resources ◽

Growth Increments

Abstract Geffen, A. J., Høie, H., Folkvord, A., Hufthammer, A. K., Andersson, C., Ninnemann, U., Pedersen, R. B., and Nedreaas, K. 2011. High-latitude climate variability and its effect on fisheries resources as revealed by fossil cod otoliths. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1081–1089. Cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from archaeological sites in northern Norway were analysed to reconstruct the temperature regime and determine the age structure, growth, and population identity of the fish harvested. Otoliths were selected from late- and post-medieval sites (700–300 years ago) to evaluate historical changes in the geographic region that matches the present-day stocks of Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) and Norwegian coastal cod (NCC). Seasonal temperature cycles were reconstructed from stable isotope (δ18O) measurements along transects representing fish ages 1.5–3 years old. Reconstructions of the size, age, and growth characteristics of individual fish were based on otolith growth increments. The geographical source and stock identity of the individuals were estimated based on otolith elemental composition and otolith growth features. Both NCC and NEAC fish were represented at Måsøy and Vanna. The results indicate that fishing at Vanna exploited NEAC during their spawning migration, compared with fishing at Måsøy, which was restricted to more coastal fish. Fish growth patterns appeared to be affected by changes in the temperature regimes as estimated from otolith δ18O and back-calculated fish length-at-age, with evident differences between pre- and post-1600 periods.

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ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕХОДНОГО СЛОЯ ALN НА ТЕМПЛЕЙТАХ 3С-SIC/SI(111) МЕТОДОМ АММИАЧНОЙ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ЛУЧЕВОЙ ЭПИТАКСИИ

Nanoindustry Russia ◽

10.22184/1993-8578.2020.13.3s.148.153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (3s) ◽

pp. 148-153

Author(s):

С.Д. Федотов ◽

А.В. Бабаев ◽

В.Н. Стаценко ◽

К.А. Царик ◽

В.К. Неволин

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Root Mean Square Roughness ◽

Rate Variation ◽

Mean Square ◽

Nucleation Layer ◽

Low Temperature Epitaxy

Представлены результаты изучения морфологии поверхности и структуры слоев AlN, сформированных аммиачной МЛЭ на темплейтах 3C-SiC/Si(111) on-axis- и 4° off-axis-разориентации. Опробован технологический режим низкотемпературной эпитаксии зародышевого слоя AlN на поверхности 3C-SiC(111). Среднеквадратичная шероховатость поверхности (5 х 5 мкм) слоев AlN толщиной 150 ± 50 нм составила 2,5-3,5 нм на темплейтах 3C-SiC/Si(111) on-axis и 3,3-3,5 нм на 4° off-axis. Показано уменьшение шероховатости смачивающего слоя AlN при изменении скорости роста. Получены монокристаллические слои AlN(0002) со значениями FWHM (ω-геометрия) 1,4-1,6°. The paper presents the surface morphology and crystal structure of AlN layers formed by ammonia MBE on 3C-SiC/Si(111) on-axis and 4° off-axis disorientation. It offers the technological approach of low-temperature epitaxy of the AlN nucleation layer on the 3C-SiC (111) surface. Root mean square roughness (5 х 5 |xm) of AlN layers with thickness of 150 ± 50 nm was 2,5-3,5 nm onto on-axis templates and 3.3-3.5 nm onto 4° off-axis. It appears that the RMS roughness of the AlN surface is changing with the growth rate variation. Single-crystal AlN(0002) layers with FWHM values (ω-geometry) of 1.4-1.6° have been obtained.

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Influence of Age and Growth Rate on Radial Anatomy of Annual Rings of Thuja occidentalis L. (Eastern White Cedar)

International Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1086/297122 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 406-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Christopher H. Briand ◽

Usher Posluszny ◽

Douglas W. Larson

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Annual Rings ◽

Thuja Occidentalis ◽

White Cedar ◽

Eastern White Cedar

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Statistical Properties of a DNA Sample Under the Finite-Sites Model

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/144.4.1941 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 144 (4) ◽

pp. 1941-1950 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ziheng Yang

Keyword(s):

Process Model ◽

Random Mating ◽

Major Effect ◽

Statistical Properties ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Rate Variation ◽

Markov Process Model ◽

D Loop ◽

Infinite Sites Model ◽

Segregating Sites

Statistical properties of a DNA sample from a random-mating population of constant size are studied under the finite-sites model. It is assumed that there is no migration and no recombination occurs within the locus. A Markov process model is used for nucleotide substitution, allowing for multiple substitutions at a single site. The evolutionary rates among sites are treated as either constant or variable. The general likelihood calculation using numerical integration involves intensive computation and is feasible for three or four sequences only; it may be used for validating approximate algorithms. Methods are developed to approximate the probability distribution of the number of segregating sites in a random sample of n sequences, with either constant or variable substitution rates across sites. Calculations using parameter estimates obtained for human D-loop mitochondrial DNAs show that among-site rate variation has a major effect on the distribution of the number of segregating sites; the distribution under the finite-sites model with variable rates among sites is quite different from that under the infinite-sites model.

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Disentangling the role of competition, light interception, and functional traits in tree growth rate variation in South Asian tropical moist forests

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 483 ◽

pp. 118908

Author(s):

Mizanur Rahman ◽

Masum Billah ◽

Md Obydur Rahman ◽

Debit Datta ◽

Muhammad Ahsanuzzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Functional Traits ◽

South Asian ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Light Interception ◽

Rate Variation ◽

Tree Growth Rate

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Influence of tree age and growth rate on the radial resin duct system in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b86-142 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1046-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. D. DeAngelis ◽

T. E. Nebeker ◽

J. D. Hodges

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Tree Age ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Tangential Plane ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resin Duct

Formation of radial resin ducts and their associated secretory cells in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is influenced by the age and growth rate of the annual ring in which the ducts are formed. The spatial pattern of radial ducts on the tangential plane is nonrandom, exhibiting a regular or dispersed pattern. A significantly higher density of radial ducts was found in the inner, first-formed growth rings at all heights within the tree. Radial duct formation was found to be positively correlated with radial growth rate, when growth rate is expressed as increment of cross-sectional area growth. These findings may partially explain why older, slower growing trees tend to be more susceptible to attack by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and associated microorganisms, since the resin-producing system is a primary defense against these agents.

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