scholarly journals Behavioural responses to fisheries capture among sharks caught using experimental fishery gear

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin J. Gallagher ◽  
Erica R. Staaterman ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Neil Hammerschlag
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Carcharhinus Limbatus ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Fighting Behaviour

The response to capture is important in fisheries because it can reveal potential threats to species beyond fishing mortalities resulting from direct harvest. To date, the vast majority of studies assessing shark stress responses have used physiology or biotelemetry to look at sensitivity after capture, leaving a gap in our understanding of the behaviours of sharks during capture. We examined the behavioural responses of sharks to capture by attaching accelerometers to fishing gear and measuring the immediate and prolonged forces they exerted while on the line. We recorded acceleration vectors and derived the rate of intense fighting behaviours of 23 individual sharks comprising three species. Results suggest that blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) exhibited intense bouts of fighting behaviour at the onset of hooking, while nurse (Ginglymostoma cirratum) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) displayed more subdued acceleration values during capture. We also obtained plasma lactate from a subset of individuals and detected a strong correlation with maximum acceleration. These results align with previously published values and suggest that shark movement during fisheries capture is an important factor during bycatch and catch-and-release interactions.

scholarly journals Are physiological and behavioural responses to stressors displayed concordantly by wild urban rodents?

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren L. Fardell ◽  
Miguel A. Bedoya-Pérez ◽  
Christopher R. Dickman ◽  
Mathew S. Crowther ◽  
Chris R. Pavey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Behavioural Responses

AbstractUnderstanding wild animal responses to stressors underpins effective wildlife management. In order for responses to stressors to be correctly interpreted, it is critical that measurements are taken on wild animals using minimally invasive techniques. Studies investigating wild animal responses to stressors often measure either a single physiological or behavioural variable, but whether such responses are comparable and concordant remains uncertain. We investigated this question in a pilot study that measured responses of wild-caught urban brown and black rats (Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus) to fur-based olfactory cues from a predator, the domestic cat (Felis catus); a novel herbivore, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); and a familiar herbivore and competitor, the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Physiological responses, measured by assaying faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, were compared to behavioural responses observed via video recordings. We found that physiological and behavioural responses to stressors were expressed concordantly. There was no sizeable physiological response observed, and the behavioural response when considered across the night was negligible. However, the behavioural response to the predator and competitor cues changed across the observation period, with activity increasing with increasing hours of exposure. Our results indicate that responses of wild rodents to cues are nuanced, with stress responses modulated by behaviour changes that vary over time according to the severity of the perceived threat as animals gather further information. If the physiological response alone had been assessed, this moderated response may not have been evident, and in terms of wildlife management, vital information would have been lost.

Effects of Exercise Conditioning on Stress Responses and Recovery in Cultured and Wild Young-of-the-Year Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2094-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paciencia S. Young ◽  
Joseph J. Cech Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Young Of The Year

Exercise conditioning at 1.2–2.4 body lengths∙s−1 for 60 d significantly improved physiological responses to and decreased recovery time from capture, net confinement, and crowding (collectively, "handling") stress in cultured and wild young-of-the-year striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Plasma cortisol increased dramatically 0.5 h after acute handling in all treatments. However, cortisol returned to prestress levels 4 h after handling in exercise-conditioned cultured and wild fish but not in the respective unexercised fish. Handling stress in all groups of fish also resulted in hyperlacticemia. Faster clearance of plasma lactate following handling stress was shown in exercise-conditioned cultured and wild striped bass compared with unexercised fish. Handling stress resulted in a rapid hemoconcentration as indicated by increases in osmolality and hematocrit levels. Osmotic imbalance was less severe in exercise-conditioned cultured and wild fish than in unexercised fish. These improved stress responses and enhanced recovery in young-of-the-year striped bass should result in increased survival of both cultured and wild fish after transport and stocking into the natural environment.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI JENIS HIU DAN DISTRIBUSI TITIK PENANGKAPANNYA DI PERAIRAN PESISIR CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Sheila Puspa Arrum ◽  
Abdul Ghofar ◽  
Sri Redjeki
Keyword(s):  
Total Weight ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Blue Shark ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Hammerhead Shark ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Isurus Oxyrinchus

ABSTRAK Ikan hiu merupakan predator tertinggi serta merupakan penjaga dan pembersih pada rantai makanan.Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang melakukan penangkapan hiu terbesar di dunia.Penangkapan hiu di Indonesia selama kurun waktu tahun 2000-2010 rata-rata sebesar 106.288 ton/tahun. Sebagai tindak lanjut dan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem, maka diperlukan monitoring. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, produksi hasil tangkapan ikan hiu, serta titik koordinat penangkapan.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2016 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Dari hasil penelitian terdapat 9 jenis ikan hiu yang didaratkan yaitu Tikusan (Alopias pelagicus), Paitan (Alopias superciliosus), Lanjaman (Carcharinus falciformis), Selendang (Prionace glauca), Cakilan Air (Isurus paucus), Cakilan (Isurus oxyrinchus), Buas (Galeocerdo cuvier), Pasiran (Carcharhius plumbeus), dan Caping (Sphyrna lewini). Produksi terbanyak didominasi oleh jenis Paitan dengan jumlah produksi sebesar 11.257 kg. Selendang dan Tikusan total berat mencapai 6.625 kg dan 7.055 kg sedangkan Caping memiliki total berat 392 kg. Tren produksi tangkap temporal cenderung mengalami kenaikan dari tahun 2012-2015. Sebaran titik koordinat penangkapan berada pada kisaran lintang 7048’58,0” sampai 8005’42,9” dan bujur 109005’07,1” sampai 109045’03,5” untuk alat tangkap longline. Untuk alat tangkap gillnet berada pada kisaran koordinat lintang 7044’51,8” sampai 7049’09,0” dan bujur 109005’12,1” sampai 109011’20,4”. Daerah sebaran keseluruhan dari kedua jenis alat tangkap berada antara lintang 7049’27,0” sampai 8002’43,1” dan bujur 109007’06,4” sampai 109045’03,5” yang merupakan bagian dari perairan di bagian selatan Cilacap. Kata kunci: jenis hiu; distribusi titik penangkapan; perairan Cilacap. ABSTRACT Shark is the top predator that is guards and cleaners in the food chain. Indonesia is one of country that does highest shark fishing in the world. Shark fishing in Indonesia for the period 2000-2010 produced an average of 106.288 tonnes / year. As a follow up of this and maintain the balance of the ecosystem, it is necessary monitoring. The study was aimed to determine the species composition, production of shark catches, and the coordinates of the fish catching. The study was conducted in April-May 2016 at the Cilacap Oceans Fishing Port, Central Java. This research used descriptive method and sampling was done by a purposive sampling. There were 9 species of shark were landed, there are pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus), big-eyed thresher (Alopias superciliosus), silky shark (Carcharinus falciformis), blue shark (Prionace glauca), longfin mako (Isurus paucus), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), sandbar shark (Carcharhius plumbeus), and scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini). The highest production was big-eyed thresher with total production of 11.257 kg. Blue shark and pelagic thresher total weight reached 6.625 kg and 7.055 kg, while the scalloped hammerhead shark has a total weight of 392 kg. Temporally capture production trends tended to increase from year 2012 to 2015. Distribution of fishing coordinate point was in the range of latitude 7048'58,0"until 8005'42,9" and the longitude 109005'07,1"until 109045'03,5" for longline fishing gear. For gillnet fishing gear was in the range of latitude 7044'51,8"until 7049'09,0" and longitude 109005'12,1"until 109011'20,4". Overall distribution of both types of fishing gear were between latitude 7049'27,0"until 8002'43,1" and longitude 109007'06,4"until 109045'03,5" which is part of the southern part of Cilacap  waters.  Keywords :Shark species; catch distribution; Cilacap waters. 

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI IKAN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN TANJUNG LUAR, PULAU LOMBOK, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Slamet Mardiyanto Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Carcharhinus Limbatus ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Siganus Canaliculatus ◽  
Carcharhinus Obscurus ◽  
Sillago Sihama ◽  
Euthynnus Affinis ◽  
Parastromateus Niger ◽  
Lepturacanthus Savala

Sumberdaya ikan adalah jenis ikan termasuk biota perairan laut lainnya yang merupakan sumber kekayaan alam yang memiliki daya pulih kembali secara alami, sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Pelabuhan perikanan merupakan tempat pendaratan hasil tangkapan dan awal pemasarannya. jenis ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Tanjung Luar, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dan identifikasi. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 34 jenis ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Tanjung Luar, Pulau Lombok, yaitu: Naso brevisrostris, Chanos chanos, Parastromateus niger, Thallasoma purpureum, Siganus canaliculatus, Plectorhinchus polytaenia, Diodon holocanthus, Upeneus vittatus, Caesio cuning, Dermogenys sp, Epinephelus areolatus, Rastrelliger sp, Pomadasys argenteus, Lepturacanthus savala, Decapterus macrosoma, Sillago sihama, Eusphyra blochii, Carcharhinus brevipinna, Carcharhinus albimarginatus, Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus obscurus, Galeocerdo cuvier, Prionace glauca, Taeniura lymma, Priancanthus hamrur, Scolopsis sp, Scombermorus guttatus, Euthynnus affinis, Nemipterus japonicas, Sardinella sp, Lutjanus bitaeniatus, Secutor interruptus, Sphyraena jello, dan Caranx ignobilis

scholarly journals Survival and Physiological Recovery after Capture by Hookline: The Case Study of the Blackspot Seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo)

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo ◽  
Miriam Fernández-Castro ◽  
Ismael Jerez-Cepa ◽  
Cristina Barragán-Méndez ◽  
Montse Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Pagellus Bogaraveo ◽  
Commercial Size

Evaluating the survival of discarded species is gaining momentum after the new European Common Fisheries Policy (Article 15 of the European Regulation No. 1380/2013). This regulation introduced a discard ban, with an exemption for those species with demonstrated high survival rates after their capture and release. Candidate species should be evaluated for each fishing gear and geographical area. In this study, we assessed not only survival, but also physiological recovery rates of blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) below commercial size captured with a hookline called “voracera” in the Strait of Gibraltar (SW Atlantic waters of Europe). Experiments onboard a commercial fishing vessel were paralleled with studies in controlled ground-based facilities, where the capture process was mimicked, and physiological recovery markers were described. Our results confirmed that hookline capture induced acute stress responses in the target species, such as changes in plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose, and osmolality. However, 90.6% of the blackspot seabreams below commercial size captured with this fishing gear managed to survive, and evidenced physiological recovery responses 5 h after capture, with complete homeostatic recovery occurring within the first 24 h. Based on this study, the European Commission approved an exemption from the discard (EU Commission Delegated Regulation 6794/2018). Thus, the robust methodology described herein can be an important tool to mitigate the problem of discards in Europe.

scholarly journals Attention behaviours but not pain-related behaviours are modified by the presence of a twin in lambs undergoing castration by rubber ring

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10081
Author(s):  
Andrew Inhyuk Cho ◽  
Caroline Lee ◽  
Alison Small
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Rubber Ring ◽  
Social Buffering ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Pain Status ◽  
Social Grouping ◽  
The Impact

The social context of social species such as sheep can modify their physiological and behavioural responses to stressors, through social buffering and social facilitation. Social buffering can lead to amelioration of stress, while social facilitation can lead to stress responses in an observer animal in the presence of a conspecific in distress. The current study investigated twin lambs undergoing ring castration, grouped either homogeneously with a castrated lamb (actor), or heterogeneously with a non-castrated lamb (observer) to examine the impact of social grouping on behavioural responses. Each lamb was scored for two classes of behaviour: pain-related behaviours and postures that are putatively related to the response to castration; and attentional behaviours directed at its twin. Thus, each lamb participated in the experiment as an actor exhibiting pain-related behaviours and postures, and as an observer of its twin. When behaviours of lambs were assessed as actors, there was a significant (P < 0.05) effect of castration but no significant effect of social grouping on expression of pain-related behaviours. When behaviours of lambs were assessed as observers, homogeneous grouping of castrated lambs increased attention towards the other twin in comparison to non-castrated lambs grouped homogeneously or lambs grouped heterogeneously (P < 0.01). Non-castrated lambs grouped homogeneously demonstrated significantly lower numbers of head direction changes (P < 0.001) and lower number of ear posture changes (P < 0.05) than heterogeneously grouped or castrated lambs. This study indicates that social attention between twin lambs is not clearly dependent on pain status of the actor lamb. It suggests that in order for the observer lamb to provide significant attention to the actor lamb displaying pain-related behaviour, the observer lamb also needs to be experiencing pain concurrently. Furthermore, there is some evidence that the presence of pain-related behaviours can lead to increased attention to the surrounding environment in non-castrated lambs. Understanding the effect of concurrent experience and varying social context assists us to improve our understanding of results of other experiments on pain-related behavioural responses.

Cold fins, murky waters and the moon: what affects shark catches in the bather-protection program of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine P. Wintner ◽  
Sven E. Kerwath
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Carcharhinus Limbatus ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Additive Mixed Models

The influence of environmental variables on shark catch in the bather-protection program along the eastern coast of South African was investigated for 11 commonly caught species (Carcharhinus limbatus, C. obscurus, C. brachyurus, C. plumbeus, C. brevipinna, C. leucas, Carcharodon carcharias, Carcharias taurus, Sphyrna lewini, S. zygaena, Galeocerdo cuvier). Data for the period 1986–1994 were analysed using generalised additive models and generalised additive mixed models. The influence of temporal and spatial factors was respectively considered and removed within a standardisation procedure to investigate and predict the influence of lunar cycle, sea-surface temperature (SST) and water visibility on daily catch. The catches of C. taurus and C. brevipinna were significantly affected by all three factors. Catches of all other species were affected by at least one of the three factors, e.g. six were affected by lunar phase, six by SST and seven by water visibility. The results suggested that measurable, predictable relationships exist between environmental conditions and presence and, consequently, catch of shark species in this program. Understanding these relationships could be useful to mitigate against unwanted catch and to further reduce risk for bathers.

Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) Into Hindi

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3974-3981
Author(s):  
Ashwini Joshi ◽  
Isha Baheti ◽  
Vrushali Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Voice Assessment ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Severity Grade ◽  
Normal Voice ◽  
Group A

Aim The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the reliability of a Hindi version of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V). Reliability was assessed by comparing Hindi CAPE-V ratings with English CAPE-V ratings and by the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia and Strain (GRBAS) scale. Method Hindi sentences were created to match the phonemic load of the corresponding English CAPE-V sentences. The Hindi sentences were adapted for linguistic content. The original English and adapted Hindi CAPE-V and GRBAS were completed for 33 bilingual individuals with normal voice quality. Additionally, the Hindi CAPE-V and GRBAS were completed for 13 Hindi speakers with disordered voice quality. The agreement of CAPE-V ratings was assessed between language versions, GRBAS ratings, and two rater pairs (three raters in total). Pearson product–moment correlation was completed for all comparisons. Results A strong correlation ( r > .8, p < .01) was found between the Hindi CAPE-V scores and the English CAPE-V scores for most variables in normal voice participants. A weak correlation was found for the variable of strain ( r < .2, p = .400) in the normative group. A strong correlation ( r > .6, p < .01) was found between the overall severity/grade, roughness, and breathiness scores in the GRBAS scale and the CAPE-V scale in normal and disordered voice samples. Significant interrater reliability ( r > .75) was present in overall severity and breathiness. Conclusions The Hindi version of the CAPE-V demonstrates good interrater reliability and concurrent validity with the English CAPE-V and the GRBAS. The Hindi CAPE-V can be used for the auditory-perceptual voice assessment of Hindi speakers.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Olde ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Victor J.M. Pop
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

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