Response of vegetation and soil biological properties to deformation in logging trails in drained boreal peatland forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Lepilin ◽  
Annamari (Ari) Laurén ◽  
Jori Uusitalo ◽  
Raija Laiho ◽  
Hannu Fritze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Biogeochemistry ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Thinning Operations ◽  
The Impact

In the boreal region, peatland forests are a significant resource of timber. Under pressure from a growing bioeconomy and climate change, timber harvesting is increasingly occurring over unfrozen soils. This is likely to cause disturbance in the soil biogeochemistry. We studied the impact of machinery-induced soil disturbance on the vegetation, microbes, and soil biogeochemistry of drained boreal peatland forests caused by machinery traffic during thinning operations. To assess potential recovery, we sampled six sites that ranged in time since thinning from a few months to 15 years. Soil disturbance directly decreased moss biomass and led to an increase in sedge cover and a decrease in root production. Moreover, soil CO2 production potential, and soil CO2 and CH4 concentrations were greater in recently disturbed areas than in the control areas. In contrast, CO2 and CH4 emissions, microbial biomass and structure, and the decomposition rate of cellulose appeared to be uncoupled and did not show signs of impact. While the impacted properties varied in their rate of recovery, they all fully recovered within 15 years covered by our chronosequence study. Conclusively, drained boreal peatlands appeared to have high biological resilience to soil disturbance caused by forest machinery during thinning operations.

scholarly journals Effect of Heavy Machine Traffic on Soil CO2 Concentration and Efflux in a Pinus koraiensis Thinning Stand

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Ikhyun Kim ◽  
Sang-Kyun Han ◽  
Mauricio Acuna ◽  
Heesung Woo ◽  
Jae-Heun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Mechanized timber harvesting is cost efficient and highly productive. However, mechanized harvesting operations are often associated with several environmental problems, including soil compaction and disturbance. Soil compaction impedes air circulation between the soil and atmosphere, which in turn results in increased concentrations of CO2 within soil pores. In this study, we investigated the impact of forest machine traffic on soil conditions to determine soil CO2 efflux (Fc), and soil CO2 concentrations (Sc). Field measurements included soil bulk density (BD), soil temperature (ST), soil water content (SWC), Fc, and Sc over a 3-year period at a specific thinning operation site (Hwacheon-gun) in the Gangwon Province of Korea. To assess the soil impacts associated with machine traffic, we established four machine-treatment plots (MT) characterized by different geographical and traffic conditions. The results revealed that BD, Sc, and SWC increased significantly on the disturbed track areas (p < 0.05). Furthermore, reduced soil Fc values were measured on the soil-compacted (machine disturbed) tracks in comparison with undisturbed (control) areas. Variations in BD, SWC, and Sc were significantly different among the four MT plots. Additionally, in comparison with undisturbed areas, lower Fc and higher Sc values were obtained in compacted areas with high soil temperatures.

scholarly journals Soil deformation and its recovery in logging trails of drained boreal peatlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lepilin ◽  
A. Laurén ◽  
J. Uusitalo ◽  
E.-S. Tuittila
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Total Forest Area

Forestry-drained peatlands occupy approximately 15 million ha in boreal and temperate zones. In Finland, they represent almost one-fourth of the total forest area. They are subjected to the same harvesting operations as upland forests. Although the soil deformation caused by timber harvesting is well documented in upland forests, the knowledge on the soil disturbance induced by the harvesting machinery on peat soils is still lacking. To address this, we collected soil samples from six peatland sites that were thinned using a harvester–forwarder combination. Peat samples were taken from the trails formed by the machinery and outside the trails to a depth of 10 cm. To assess the recovery of soil properties after the disturbance, we sampled sites along a chronosequence with respect to time since harvesting. Soil deformation under the machinery appeared to increase the bulk density and field capacity of peat and decrease its total porosity; however, disturbed plots and control plots started to resemble each other in their soil properties within 15 years. The results imply that peat soil is sensitive to disturbance but has a high recovery potential.

scholarly journals Soil Recovery Assessment after Timber Harvesting Based on the Sustainable Forest Operation (SFO) Perspective in Iranian Temperate Forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Sohrabi ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Naghi Shabanian ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Recovery Assessment ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Operation

Minimizing the impact of timber harvesting on forest stands and soils is one of the main goals of sustainable forest operation (SFO). Thus, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of forest operations on soil that is based on the SFO perspective. The present study was conducted according to SFO principles to investigate the time required for the natural recovery of soil after disturbance by skidding operations in some Iranian forests. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil found in abandoned skid trails from different time periods were compared with undisturbed forest soils. The soil bulk density, the penetration resistance, and the microporosity of a 25-year-old skid trail were 8.4–27.4% and 50.4% greater, and the total porosity, macroporosity, and soil moisture were 1.9–17.1% and 4.6% lower than the undisturbed area. In a 25-year-old skid trail, the values of pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), C, N, available P, K, Ca, and Mg, earthworm density, and biomass were lower than in the undisturbed area, and the C/N ratio value was higher than in the undisturbed area. High traffic intensity and slope classes of 20–30% in a three-year-old skid trail had the greatest impact on soil properties. In order to have sustainable timber production, SFO should be developed and soil recovery time should be reduced through post-harvest management operation.

The Impact of Timber Harvesting on Soil Properties and Seedling Growth in the South

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Reisinger ◽  
Gerry L. Simmons ◽  
Phillip E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The South ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Mechanization of timber harvesting operations in the South has increased concern about the detrimental impact that heavy machine traffic has on soil physical properties and site productivity. Improperly timed harvesting operations have potentially detrimental effects on forest soils and the growth of seedlings Foresters and other land managers must be aware of the potential soil disturbance caused by heavy machines, and apply methods that minimize long-term site quality degradation attributable, directly or indirectly, to mechanized equipment. Research literature about the effects of timber harvesting on soil properties and seedling growth is summarized. Various types of harvesting equipment commonly used in the South are examined and the degrees of soil disturbance and compaction associated with each system are compared Changes in soil physical properties resulting from compaction are also reviewed as they relate to the establishment and growth of seedlings. Recommendations are made to minimize the detrimental effects of machine traffic on forest soils. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):58-67

Effect of inter-row cultivation on soil carbon dioxide emission in a peach plantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tóth ◽  
Cs. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content

Soil biological properties and CO2emission were compared in undisturbed grass and regularly disked rows of a peach plantation. Higher nutrient content and biological activity were found in the undisturbed, grass-covered rows. Significantly higher CO2fluxes were measured in this treatment at almost all the measurement times, in all the soil water content ranges, except the one in which the volumetric soil water content was higher than 45%. The obtained results indicated that in addition to the favourable effect of soil tillage on soil aeration, regular soil disturbance reduces soil microbial activity and soil CO2emission.

scholarly journals Histological, Biomechanical, and Biological Properties of Genipin-Crosslinked Decellularized Peripheral Nerves

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Óscar Darío García-García ◽  
Marwa El Soury ◽  
David González-Quevedo ◽  
David Sánchez-Porras ◽  
Jesús Chato-Astrain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Histological Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Acellular nerve allografts (ANGs) represent a promising alternative in nerve repair. Our aim is to improve the structural and biomechanical properties of biocompatible Sondell (SD) and Roosens (RS) based ANGs using genipin (GP) as a crosslinker agent ex vivo. The impact of two concentrations of GP (0.10% and 0.25%) on Wistar rat sciatic nerve-derived ANGs was assessed at the histological, biomechanical, and biocompatibility levels. Histology confirmed the differences between SD and RS procedures, but not remarkable changes were induced by GP, which helped to preserve the nerve histological pattern. Tensile test revealed that GP enhanced the biomechanical properties of SD and RS ANGs, being the crosslinked RS ANGs more comparable to the native nerves used as control. The evaluation of the ANGs biocompatibility conducted with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured within the ANGs confirmed a high degree of biocompatibility in all ANGs, especially in RS and RS-GP 0.10% ANGs. Finally, this study demonstrates that the use of GP could be an efficient alternative to improve the biomechanical properties of ANGs with a slight impact on the biocompatibility and histological pattern. For these reasons, we hypothesize that our novel crosslinked ANGs could be a suitable alternative for future in vivo preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Earthworms as an Ecological Indicator of Soil Recovery after Mechanized Logging Operations in Mixed Beech Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hadi Sohrabi ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Soil Biological Properties ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Soil damage caused by logging operations conducted to obtain and maximize economic benefits has been established as having long-term effects on forest soil quality and productivity. However, a comprehensive study of the impact of logging operations on earthworms as a criterion for soil recovery has never been conducted in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in soil biological properties (earthworm density and biomass) and its recovery process under the influence of traffic intensity, slope and soil depth in various intervals according to age after logging operations. Soil properties were compared among abandoned skid trails with different ages (i.e., 3, 10, 20, and 25 years) and an undisturbed area. The results showed that earthworm density and biomass in the high traffic intensity and slope class of 20–30% at the 10–20 cm depth of the soil had the lowest value compared to the other treatments. Twenty-five years after the logging operations, the earthworm density at soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 28.4% (0.48 ind. m−2) and 38.6% (0.35 ind. m−2), which were less than those of the undisturbed area, respectively. Meanwhile, the earthworm biomass at a soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 30.5% (2.05 mg m−2) and 40.5% (1.54 mg m−2) less than the values of the undisturbed area, respectively. The earthworm density and biomass were positively correlated with total porosity, organic carbon and nitrogen content, while negatively correlated with soil bulk density and C/N ratio. According to the results, 25 years after logging operations, the earthworm density and biomass on the skid trails were recovered, but they were significantly different with the undisturbed area. Therefore, full recovery of soil biological properties (i.e., earthworm density and biomass) takes more than 25 years. The conclusions of our study reveal that the effects of logging operations on soil properties are of great significance, and our understanding of the mechanism of soil change and recovery demand that harvesting operations be extensively and properly implemented.

Glycolytic component of rat spermatid energy and acid-base metabolism

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. C660-C667 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Reyes ◽  
M. V. Velarde ◽  
R. Ugarte ◽  
D. J. Benos
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Intracellular Atp ◽  
Acid Diffusion ◽  
Glucose Analogues ◽  
The Impact

The impact of glycolysis on rat spermatid energy metabolism is made apparent by the simultaneous occurrence of the following three events upon glucose addition to the extracellular medium of a rat spermatid cell suspension: decrease in ATP content, exit of acid equivalents, and increased lactate production and efflux. In this work, we have studied the interrelations between these three phenomena. By measuring ATP content, net acid transport, lactate exit, oxygen consumption, intracellular pH, CO2 production, and glycolytic intermediates in the presence of glucose and glucose analogues, we conclude that 1) lactate production, decrease in ATP content, and acid equivalent exit are dependent on the metabolism of glucose up to different stages in glycolysis. 2) The decrease in ATP content is not directly related to the exit of acid equivalents from rat spermatids. 3) Glucose metabolism is a net ATP-consuming process at high intracellular ATP content but is a net ATP-producing process at low intracellular ATP concentration in rat spermatids. 4) Acid equivalent production arises from the metabolism of glucose beyond glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. 5) Lactic acid diffusion and/or lactate transport and CO2 production and exit could account for the glucose-dependent acid equivalent efflux in rat spermatids.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Nontraditional Water Sources for Landscape Irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
James E. Altland ◽  
Genhua Niu
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
The Impact

Scarcity and competition for good quality and potable water resources are limiting their use for urban landscape irrigation, with several nontraditional sources being potentially available for these activities. Some of these alternative sources include rainwater, stormwater, brackish aquifer water, municipal reclaimed water (MRW), air-conditioning (A/C) condensates, and residential graywater. Knowledge on their inherent chemical profile and properties, and associated regional and temporal variability, is needed to assess their irrigation quality and potential short- and long-term effects on landscape plants and soils and to implement best management practices that successfully deal with their quality issues. The primary challenges with the use of these sources are largely associated with high concentrations of total salts and undesirable specific ions [sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron (B), and bicarbonate (HCO3−) alkalinity]. Although the impact of these alternative water sources has been largely devoted to human health, plant growth and aesthetic quality, and soil physicochemical properties, there is emergent interest in evaluating their effects on soil biological properties and in natural ecosystems neighboring the urban areas where they are applied.

scholarly journals Atmospheric fluidized bed gasification of promising biomass fuels in southern European regions

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Panopoulos ◽  
Lydia Fryda ◽  
Emmanuel Kakaras
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
The Impact

Three promising biomass fuels from southern European regions were gasified atmospherically with air in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor with quartz or olivine as bed material. The fuels used were an agro-industrial residue (olive bagasse) and the energy crops giant reed and sweet sorghum bagasse. Varying air ratios and temperatures were tested to study the impact on the product gas composition and tar load. Tars were higher in the case of olive bagasse, attributed to its higher lignin content compared to the other two biomasses with higher cellulose. Giant reed gasification causes agglomeration and defluidisation problems at 790?C while olive bagasse shows the least agglomeration tendency. The particular olivine material promoted the destruction of tars, but to a lesser level than other reported works; this was attributed to its limited iron content. It also promoted the H2 and CO2 production while CO content decreased. Methane yield was slightly affected (decreased) with olivine, higher temperatures, and air ratios. Air ratio increase decreased the tar load but at the same time the gas quality deteriorated. .

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