The influence of microbial-based inoculants on N2O emissions from soil planted with corn (Zea maysL.) under greenhouse conditions with different nitrogen fertilizer regimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1041-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Calvo ◽  
Dexter B. Watts ◽  
Joseph W. Kloepper ◽  
H. Allen Torbert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Shoot Mass

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are increasing at an unprecedented rate owing to the increased use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Thus, new innovative management tools are needed to reduce emissions. One potential approach is the use of microbial inoculants in agricultural production. In a previous incubation study, we observed reductions in N2O emissions when microbial-based inoculants were added to soil (no plants present) with N fertilizers under laboratory incubations. This present study evaluated the effects of microbial-based inoculants on N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when applied to soil planted with corn (Zea mays L.) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Inoculant treatments consisted of (i) SoilBuilder (SB), (ii) a metabolite extract of SoilBuilder (SBF), and (iii) a mixture of 4 strains of plant-growth-promoting Bacillus spp. (BM). Experiments included an unfertilized control and 3 N fertilizers: urea, urea – ammonium nitrate with 32% N (UAN-32), and calcium – ammonium nitrate with 17% N (CAN-17). Cumulative N2O fluxes from pots 41 days after planting showed significant reductions in N2O of 15% (SB), 41% (BM), and 28% (SBF) with CAN-17 fertilizer. When UAN-32 was used, reductions of 34% (SB), 35% (SBF), and 49% (BM) were obtained. However, no reductions in N2O emissions occurred with urea. Microbial-based inoculants did not affect total CO2emissions from any of the fertilized treatments or the unfertilized control. N uptake was increased by an average of 56% with microbial inoculants compared with the control (nonmicrobial-based treatments). Significant increases in plant height, SPAD chlorophyll readings, and fresh and dry shoot mass were also observed when the microbial-based treatments were applied (with and without N). Overall, results demonstrate that microbial inoculants can reduce N2O emissions following fertilizer application depending on the N fertilizer type used and can enhance N uptake and plant growth. Future studies are planned to evaluate the effectiveness of these microbial inoculants in field-based trials and determine the mechanisms involved in N2O reduction.

scholarly journals Short Communication Physiological Efficiency and N Recovery of Wheat Influenced by Different N Sources Under Naturally Salt-Affected Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Riaz Chatha ◽  
Muhammad Suhaib
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Salt Affected Soil ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Physiological Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference

A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of different N fertilizer sources (urea, nitrophos, ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate) on the productivity of wheat (var. Inqlab) in naturally salt-affected soil (pH = 8.79; ECe = 6.46; Sandy loam). A significant difference was observed in wheat grain and straw yield with the application of different N sources. Maximum wheat grain and straw yields (3203 and 3489 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded when ammonium sulphate was applied. Various N sources followed the order: Ammonium sulphate > urea > calcium ammonium nitrate and/or nitrophos. Comparatively higher N uptake by wheat (117.26 and 114.00 kg/ha) was observed with Ammonium sulphate and urea application, respectively. Similarly, maximum N recovery was observed with both these N sources followed by nitrophos, and calcium ammonium nitrate. However, the highest physiological efficiency (14.29 kg/kg fertilizer applied) was noted with the application of ammonium sulphate.  

scholarly journals The effect of cattle slurry in combination with nitrate and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide on in situ nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4909-4919 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. McGeough ◽  
R. J. Laughlin ◽  
C. J. Watson ◽  
C. Müller ◽  
M. Ernfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Very High

Abstract. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on N2O and N2 emissions after cattle slurry (CS) application in the presence of nitrate (NO3) fertiliser on seven different occasions (between March 2009 and March 2011). N2O emissions from CS in the presence of NO3 fertiliser were very high (0.4–8.7% of applied N) over a 20-day period, under mild moist conditions. Emissions were significantly larger from the CS treatment compared to an NH4+-N source, supplying the same rate of N as in the slurry. This study supports the view that organic fertilisers should not be applied at the same time as nitrate-based fertilisers, as significant increases in N2O emissions occur. The average N2O mole fraction (N2O/(N2O + N2)) over all seven application dates was 0.34 for CSNO3 compared to 0.24 for the NH4ClNO3 treatment, indicating the dominance of N2 emissions. The rate of nitrification in CSNO3 was slower than in NH4ClNO3, and DCD was found to be an effective nitrification inhibitor in both treatments. However, as N2O emissions were found to be predominantly associated with the NO3 pool, the effect of DCD in lowering N2O emissions is limited in the presence of a NO3 fertiliser. To obtain the maximum cost-benefit of DCD in lowering N2O emissions, under mild moist conditions, it should not be applied to a nitrate containing fertiliser (e.g. ammonium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate), and therefore the application of DCD should be restricted to ammonium-based organic or synthetic fertilisers.

285 Effects of Encapsulated Calcium-ammonium Nitrate on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Manure of Beef Steers Grazing a Mature Mixed-winter Forage

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios ◽  
David A Vargas ◽  
Lindsey C Slaughter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract A 30-d experiment was conducted to evaluate daily and cumulative gas fluxes of N2O, CH4, and CO2 produced by manure from Angus-crossbred steers grazing mature mixed-winter forage pastures [wheat, triticale, and rye (Triticum aestivum, Triticosecale rimpaui, and Secale cereal, respectively) and receiving N supplementation from two different sources. Steers received the following treatments: 1) mature mixed-winter pasture + ground corn (NCTRL), 2) NCTRL + 328 mg/kg of BW encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate (NIT) and 3) NCTRL + 124 mg/kg of BW urea (CTRL). All ground corn was supplemented at 0.3% BW. Treatments NIT and CTRL were isonitrogenous. Feces were collected and composited (1 kg as-is) within treatment, within block (3 blocks; 4 steers/treatment/block; 3 fecal composites/treatment). Gas samples were collected from static chambers previously installed in an area excluded from grazing. After 3 d, composites were deposited on the soil surface inside the chamber. Four subsamples were taken per deployment time per chamber, separated by 10-min intervals (t0, t10, t20 and t30) and injected into an evacuated 125-mL serum vial. Gas samples were collected every other day between 0900 and 1100 h and analyzed using a gas chromatograph. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design, with chamber as the experimental unit, using the MIXED procedure of SAS. No treatment × day interaction (P ≥ 0.145), nor treatment (P ≥ 0.622) effect were observed on daily-flux data for N2O, CH4, and CO2; however, a day effect was observed (P ≤ 0.001) where all gases peaked on d 2 post-manure application on the soil. Cumulative emissions were not different among treatments for N2O, CH4, and CO2 (P ≥ 0.663). Although it was expected for encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate to increase N2O emissions, such effect was not observed. Therefore, it appears that encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate does not affect manure greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals 431 Seasonal Changes in Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in a Woody Ornamental (Tilia cordata Mill. `Greenspire')

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 467E-468
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Rose ◽  
Mark Rose ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Terminal Bud

Fertilizer recommendations for woody ornamentals suggest applying nutrients in early spring at budbreak, and in fall at the time of leaf coloration or leaf abscission. Because plants lack functional leaves at those times, there would be minimal contributions from photosynthesis to active ion absorption or from transpiration to mass flow of ions in soil towards roots. Thus, we hypothesized that fertilizer efficiency also would be low at those times. To estimate N uptake efficiency, 15N-enriched fertilizer was applied to container linden trees at one of five times during the 1998 season: at budbreak, during active growth, after terminal bud-set, before leaf abscission, and during leaf abscission. Half of the plants received 15N-nitrate-enriched ammonium nitrate on each date, and half received 15N-ammonium-enriched ammonium nitrate. Treated plants were harvested 10 days after enriched fertilizer application (29 May, 6 July, 17 Aug., 28 Sept., and 16 Nov.). Patterns of uptake were not different between plants treated with 15N-ammonium- or 15N-nitrate-enriched fertilizer. In both cases, nitrogen recovery efficiencies at budbreak and leaf abscission were much lower than at other application times. Whole-plant recovery efficiency of 15N-nitrate-enriched ammonium nitrate was 10% at budbreak, 13% at leaf abscission, and ranged from 58% to 71% for the intervening times. Recovery of 15N-ammonium-enriched ammonium nitrate was 6% at budbreak, 24% at leaf abscission, and 42% to 56% for intervening times.

scholarly journals Ammonium-Based Compound Fertilisers Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Temperate Grassland

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Amanuel W. Gebremichael ◽  
Niharika Rahman ◽  
Dominika J. Krol ◽  
Patrick J. Forrestal ◽  
Gary J. Lanigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Long Term Study

Nitrogen fertiliser application represents the largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and the magnitude of these emissions is dependent on the type of fertilisers applied in the agroecosystems. Despite N-P-K compound fertilisers being commonly used in agricultural soils, a lack of information exists regarding their effects on N2O emissions. This study aims at examining the effects of different commonly used N-P-K compound fertiliser formulations with contrasting nitrate to ammonium ratios (0.05 to 0.88) on N2O emissions, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in temperate grassland and to compare these variables with common straight N fertilisers. Compound fertilisers with varying NPK inclusion rates (18-6-12, 10-10-20, 24-2.2-4.5, and 27-2.5-5), and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and urea + N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) were applied at 80 kg N ha−1 to experimental plots in managed grassland on two occasions in a growing season. Fluxes of N2O during the experiment period, yield and NUE following two harvests were measured. The cumulative N2O emission from urea + NBPT, 18-6-12, 10-10-20, and 24-2.2-4.5 treatments were significantly reduced by 44%, 43%, 37%, and 31% compared with CAN treatment under conducive soil moisture condition. Under the same soil condition, 18-6-12 and 10-10-20 treatments showed higher yield, N uptake, and NUE although did not significantly differ from the other fertiliser treatments. Our results suggest that ammonium-based compound fertilisers have a potential to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining yields. Further long-term study is needed to capture the full magnitude of variations in N2O emissions, including ammonia (NH3) volatilization from nitrate and ammonium-based compound fertiliser applications from multiple soil types and under different climatic conditions.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Tanah Sawah di Kecamatan Medan Satria dan Bekasi Utara, Kota Bekasi, Jawa Barat

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Pambudi ◽  
Nita Noriko ◽  
Endah Permata Sari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Growth Promoting

<p><em>Abstrak -</em><strong> </strong><strong>Produksi padi di Indonesia setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, namun peningkatan ini belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan nasional sehingga impor masih harus dilakukan. Salah satu masalah dalam produksi beras adalah penggunaan pupuk berlebih yang tidak hanya meningkatkan biaya produksi, namun juga merusak kondisi tanah. Aplikasi bakteri tanah sebagai Plant <em>Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria</em> (PGPR) dapat menjadi salah satu solusi terhadap masalah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri tanah dari 3 lokasi sawah daerah Bekasi, membandingkan keberadaan total bakteri pada ketiga lokasi tersebut,  dan melakukan karakterisasi isolat berdasarkan karakter yang dapat memicu pertumbuhan tanaman. Dari ketiga lokasi, diperoleh total 59 isolat dan 5 diantaranya berpotensi sebagai PGPR karena kemampuan fiksasi Nitrogen, melarutkan Fosfat, katalase positif, dan motil. Dari ketiga lokasi pengambilan sampel, BK1 memiliki jumlah total bakteri terendah karena aplikasi pemupukan dan pestisida berlebih yang ditandai tingginya kadar P total, serta tingginya residu klorpirifos, karbofuran, dan paration. Kondisi fisik tanah BK1 juga didominasi partikel liat yang menyebabkan tanah menjadi lebih padat. Peningkatan jumlah penggunaan pupuk tidak selalu diikuti peningkatan produktivitas tanaman.</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong>- <em>Bakteri tanah, Rhizosfer sawah, PGPR, Pupuk Hayati</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Abstract</em><strong> - </strong><strong>Rice production in Indonesia has increased annually, but this increase has not reached national demand,so imports still done. </strong><strong>One of the problems in rice production is the use of excessive fertilizers that not only increase production costs, but also decreased the soil conditions. The application of soil bacteria as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be the one solution to face this problem. The objective of this study was isolate soil bacteria from 3 locations of rice field in Bekasi, compare the total bacteria in the three locations, and characterize isolates based on the character that can promote plant growth. From three locations, a total of 59 isolates were obtained and 5 of them were potential as a PGPRs due to its Nitrogen fixation activity, Phosphate solubilization, positive catalase, and motility. From three sampling sites, BK1 has the lowest TPC value because of excessive  fertilizers and pesticides application which indicated by high total P levels, and also high chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and paration residues. The physical condition of BK1 soil is also dominated by clay particles which causes the soil more solid. Increasing of fertilizer application is not always followed by increased plant productivity.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> - <em>Biofertilizer, PGPR, Rice field rhizosphere, Soil Bacteria</em></p>

scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

scholarly journals Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and calcium-ammonium nitrate on ruminal in vitro fermentation of bahiagrass hay with supplemental molasses

animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 100195
Author(s):  
D.D. Henry ◽  
F.M. Ciriaco ◽  
R.C. Araujo ◽  
M.E. Garcia-Ascolani ◽  
P.L.P. Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Soil Nitrogen Balance of Different N Fertilizers for Top Dressing Rye as Energy Crop for Electricity Generation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Carlos Martín Sastre ◽  
Ruth Barro ◽  
Yolanda González-Arechavala ◽  
Ana Santos-Montes ◽  
Pilar Ciria
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Ghg Savings

Nitrogen fertilizers have been identified in energy crops LCAs as the main contributors to global warming, as well as to many other environmental impacts. The distinct production process and application emissions of nitrogen fertilizer types for top dressing produce different GHG savings when energy crops value chains are compared to fossil energy alternatives. In this study, three types of fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate) at N top dressing rates of 80 kg N/ha are used to grow rye for electricity generation under the conditions of the Continental Mediterranean climate of central-northern Spain. Complete LCAs for the whole value chain based on real data were performed in conjunction with soil nitrogen balances (SNBs) to assess the accomplishment of European Union (EU) GHG savings sustainability criteria, as well as the sustainability of fertilization practices for soil nitrogen stocks. The results obtained can provide interesting insights for policy making, since calcium ammonium nitrate, the most common fertilizer for rye crops, led to 66% GHG savings, as opposed to the 69% achieved when applying urea and 77% when ammonium sulphate was used. Nevertheless, the three fertilizers produced annual soil deficits greater than 50 kg N/ha. In order to ensure savings above 80%, as required by the EU sustainability criteria, and sustainable SNBs, additional optimization measures should be taken at key points of the value chain.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Leaching and Nitrogen Balance under Differing Nitrogen Fertilization for Sugarcane Cultivation on a Subtropical Island

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Ken Okamoto ◽  
Shinkichi Goto ◽  
Toshihiko Anzai ◽  
Shotaro Ando
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Fertilizer application during sugarcane cultivation is a main source of nitrogen (N) loads to groundwater on small islands in southwestern Japan. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of reducing the N fertilizer application rate on sugarcane yield, N leaching, and N balance. We conducted a sugarcane cultivation experiment with drainage lysimeters and different N application rates in three cropping seasons (three years). N loads were reduced by reducing the first N application rate in all cropping seasons. The sugarcane yields of the treatment to which the first N application was halved (T2 = 195 kg ha−1 N) were slightly lower than those of the conventional application (T1 = 230 kg ha−1 N) in the first and third seasons (T1 = 91 or 93 tons ha−1, T2 = 89 or 87 tons ha−1). N uptake in T1 and T2 was almost the same in seasons 1 (186–188 kg ha−1) and 3 (147–151 kg ha−1). Based on the responses of sugarcane yield and N uptake to fertilizer reduction in two of the three years, T2 is considered to represent a feasible fertilization practice for farmers. The reduction of the first N fertilizer application reduced the underground amounts of N loads (0–19 kg ha−1). However, application of 0 N in the first fertilization would lead to a substantial reduction in yield in all seasons. Reducing the amount of N in the first application (i.e., replacing T1 with T2) improved N recovery by 9.7–11.9% and reduced N leaching by 13 kg ha−1. These results suggest that halving the amount of N used in the first application can improve N fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N loss to groundwater.

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