scholarly journals Potential for mcl-PHA production from nonanoic and azelaic acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gillis ◽  
Kenton Ko ◽  
Juliana A. Ramsay ◽  
Bruce A. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
Pha Production

Greater than 65% of canola and high-oleic soy oil fatty acids is oleic acid, which is readily converted to nonanoic (NA) and azelaic (AzA) acids by ozonolysis. NA is an excellent substrate for medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) production but AzA has few uses. Pseudomonas citronellolis DSM 50332 and Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400, both able to produce mcl-PHA from fatty acids and to grow on AzA as the sole source of carbon and energy, were assessed for the accumulation of mcl-PHA from AzA and NA. In N-limited shake flasks using NA, P. citronellolis produced 32% of its dry biomass as mcl-PHA containing 78% 3-hydroxynonanoate with 22% 3-hydroxyheptanoate. Pseudomonas fluorescens produced only 2% PHA. N-limited P. citronellolis on AzA produced 20% dry weight PHA containing 75% 3-hydroxydecanoate and 25% 3-hydroxyoctanoate, indicative of de novo synthesis. Although selective pressure, including β-oxidation inhibition, under well-controlled (chemostat) conditions was applied to P. citronellolis, no side-chain carboxyl groups were detected. It was concluded that one or more of FabG and PhaJ or the PHA synthase cannot catalyze reactions involving ω-carboxy substrates. However, a process based on oleic acid could be established if Pseudomonas putida was engineered to grow on AzA.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoate in the Peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Using Intermediates of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5254-5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Poirier ◽  
Nadine Erard ◽  
Jean MacDonald-Comber Petétot
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Recombinant Yeast ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters having properties of biodegradable thermoplastics and elastomers that are naturally produced by a variety of pseudomonads.Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with thePseudomonas aeruginosa PHAC1 synthase modified for peroxisome targeting by the addition of the carboxyl 34 amino acids from the Brassica napus isocitrate lyase. The PHAC1 gene was put under the control of the promoter of the catalase A gene. PHA synthase expression and PHA accumulation were found in recombinantS. cerevisiae growing in media containing fatty acids. PHA containing even-chain monomers from 6 to 14 carbons was found in recombinant yeast grown on oleic acid, while odd-chain monomers from 5 to 15 carbons were found in PHA from yeast grown on heptadecenoic acid. The maximum amount of PHA accumulated was 0.45% of the dry weight. Transmission electron microscopy of recombinant yeast grown on oleic acid revealed the presence of numerous PHA inclusions found within membrane-bound organelles. Together, these data show that S. cerevisiae expressing a peroxisomal PHA synthase produces PHA in the peroxisome using the 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A intermediates of the β-oxidation of fatty acids present in the media. S. cerevisiaecan thus be used as a powerful model system to learn how fatty acid metabolism can be modified in order to synthesize high amounts of PHA in eukaryotes, including plants.

Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R Prasifka ◽  
Beth Ferguson ◽  
James V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fatty Acid Data ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (<25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (>80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by glycogen accumulating organisms treating a paper mill wastewater

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bengtsson ◽  
Alan Werker ◽  
Thomas Welander
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Pha Production ◽  
Paper Mill Wastewater ◽  
Enrichment Strategy

A process for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by activated sludge treating a paper mill wastewater was investigated. The applied strategy was to select for glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) by alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions. Acidogenic fermentation was used as pretreatment to convert various organic compounds to volatile fatty acids which are preferable substrates for PHA production. Enrichment resulted in a culture dominated by GAOs related to Defluviicoccus vanus (56%) and Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis (22%). Optimization of PHA accumulation by the enriched GAO culture was performed through batch experiments. Accumulation of PHA under anaerobic conditions was limited by the intracellular glycogen stored. Under aerobic conditions significant glycogen production (to 25% of sludge dry weight) was observed alongside PHA accumulation (to 22% of sludge dry weight). By applying a subsequent anaerobic period after an initial aerobic, the produced glycogen could be utilized for further PHA accumulation and by this strategy PHA content was increased to 42% of sludge dry weight. The PHA yield over the entire process was 0.10 kg per kg of influent COD treated which is similar to what has been achieved with a process applying feast/famine enrichment strategy with the same wastewater.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecalisEncodes an Atypical Auxiliary Acyl Carrier Protein Required for Efficient Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis by Exogenous Fatty Acids

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Qi Zou ◽  
Xinyun Cao ◽  
John E. Cronan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTAcyl carrier proteins (ACPs) play essential roles in the synthesis of fatty acids and transfer of long fatty acyl chains into complex lipids. TheEnterococcus faecalisgenome contains two annotatedacpgenes, calledacpAandacpB. AcpA is encoded within the fatty acid synthesis (fab) operon and appears essential. In contrast, AcpB is an atypical ACP, having only 30% residue identity with AcpA, and is not essential. Deletion ofacpBhas no effect onE. faecalisgrowth orde novofatty acid synthesis in media lacking fatty acids. However, unlike the wild-type strain, where growth with oleic acid resulted in almost complete blockage ofde novofatty acid synthesis, theΔacpBstrain largely continuedde novofatty acid synthesis under these conditions. Blockage in the wild-type strain is due to repression offaboperon transcription, leading to levels of fatty acid synthetic proteins (including AcpA) that are insufficient to supportde novosynthesis. Transcription of thefaboperon is regulated by FabT, a repressor protein that binds DNA only when it is bound to an acyl-ACP ligand. Since AcpA is encoded in thefaboperon, its synthesis is blocked when the operon is repressed andacpAthus cannot provide a stable supply of ACP for synthesis of the acyl-ACP ligand required for DNA binding by FabT. In contrast to AcpA,acpBtranscription is unaffected by growth with exogenous fatty acids and thus provides a stable supply of ACP for conversion to the acyl-ACP ligand required for repression by FabT. Indeed,ΔacpBandΔfabTstrains have essentially the samede novofatty acid synthesis phenotype in oleic acid-grown cultures, which argues that neither strain can form the FabT-acyl-ACP repression complex. Finally, acylated derivatives of both AcpB and AcpA were substrates for theE. faecalisenoyl-ACP reductases and forE. faecalisPlsX (acyl-ACP; phosphate acyltransferase).IMPORTANCEAcpB homologs are encoded by many, but not all, lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillales), including many members of the human microbiome. The mechanisms regulating fatty acid synthesis by exogenous fatty acids play a key role in resistance of these bacteria to those antimicrobials targeted at fatty acid synthesis enzymes. Defective regulation can increase resistance to such inhibitors and also reduce pathogenesis.

Abstract MP005: Plasma Phospholipid Concentration of Palmitoleic Acid is Associated with an Increased Risk of Heart Failure in Male Physicians

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Djousse ◽  
Natalie Weir ◽  
Gregory Kotler ◽  
Naomi Hanson ◽  
Michael Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

Background: Plasma fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis including plamitoleic acid have been associated with a higher risk of blood pressure and type 2 diabetes (two major risk factors for heart failure -HF). However, limited data are available on the association between plasma levels of palmitoleic acid and HF risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that plasma palmitoleic acid concentration is associated with an increased risk of HF. In a secondary aim, we examined whether stearoyl-CoA desaturase indices, cis -vaccenic acid, and oleic acid were associated with HF risk. Methods: We used a prospective nested case-control design for this project among participants of the Physicians' Health Study. For each of the 788 HF cases, we used the risk set method to randomly select a control among all eligible controls at the time of the index case occurrence. Each control was matched on age, year of birth, race, and time of blood collection of the index case. We used gas chromatography to measure plasma phospolipid fatty acids on frozen blood samples collected between 1997 and 2001 on study subjects free of HF. HF events were ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample through review of medical records (positive predictive value 91% -- 50 confirmed out of 55 self-reported cases). Results: Mean age was 58.7 ± 8.0 years. In a conditional logistic regression controlling for matching factors, odds ratios (95% CI) for HF were 1.0 (reference), 1.00 (0.75–1.33), 1.22 (0.91–1.64), and 1.48 (1.10–1.99) across consecutive quartiles of palmitoleic acid (p trend 0.005). Additional adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, prevalent diabetes and coronary disease, marine omega-3 fatty acids, hypertension treatment, and plasma stearic acid did not alter the results [OR: 1.0, 1.00 (0.72–1.37), 1.23 (0.89–1.72), and 1.51 (1.06–2.15) from the lowest to the highest quartile, p trend 0.014]. When analyzed as a continuous variable, each standard deviation increase of plasma palmitoleic acid was associated with a 15% higher odds of HF [OR: 1.15 (1.01–1.31)] in a multivariable adjusted model. In a secondary analysis, plasma phospholipid oleic acid (18:1n−9) and cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n−7) were not associated with the odds of HF. Indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (16:1n−7 to 16:0 ratio) and desaturase-2 (18:1n−9 to 18:0 ratio) were not significantly associated with the odds of HF. Conclusion: Our data showed that plasma concentration of palmitoleic acid is positively associated with the risk of HF in male physicians. This suggests that fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis may play a role in the development of HF.

Abstract P382: Canola and High-Oleic Acid Canola Oils Improve Lipid/Lipoprotein Parameters Compared to an Oil Blend Characteristic of a Western Dietary Pattern in Individuals at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate J Bowen ◽  
Penny M Kris-Etherton ◽  
Sheila G West ◽  
Jennifer A Fleming ◽  
Philip W Connelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Oil Blend ◽  
Canola Oils

Introduction: Identifying dietary interventions for cardiometabolic disease prevention in individuals with metabolic syndrome is relevant to a significant portion of the population. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of canola oil on cardiovascular disease risk; however, no studies have compared canola oil diets to a control diet with a fatty acid composition characteristic of Western intakes in individuals with metabolic syndrome risk factors. The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of canola oil, high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO), and a control oil (blend of butter, safflower, coconut, and flaxseed oils formulated to represent a Western diet fatty acid profile) on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that the two canola oil diets would elicit beneficial effects on the total lipid/lipoprotein profile compared to the Western (control oil) diet. Methods: In a multi-center, double blind, randomized, three-period crossover, controlled feeding clinical trial, 119 individuals with an increased waist circumference plus at least one additional metabolic syndrome risk factor consumed prepared isocaloric, weight maintenance diets containing canola oil [17.5% E from monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 9.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 6.6% saturated fatty acids (SFA)], HOCO (19.1% E from MUFA, 7.0% PUFA, 6.4% SFA), or control oil (11% E from MUFA, 10% PUFA, 12% SFA) for six-weeks each separated by 4-12 week washouts. The differences at the end of 42 days of feeding were tested. Results: The canola oil and HOCO resulted in lower endpoint total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), the TC: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, apolipoprotein (apo) B, the apoB: apoA1 ratio, and non-HDL-C compared to control oil ( P <0.0001 for treatment effect), with no differences between HOCO and canola oil for these parameters. Endpoint apoA1 did not significantly differ between the two canola oils and control, but was higher after the HOCO compared to canola oil (1.46 ± 0.02 g/L vs. 1.43 ± 0.02 g/L, P = 0.0462). There were no differences among the three diets in endpoint triglycerides or HDL-C. Conclusions: Incorporating canola or high-oleic acid canola oils into the diet improves blood lipids and lipoproteins compared to a contemporary Western diet in individuals with at least two criteria for metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Role of Fatty Acid De Novo Biosynthesis in Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid (PHA) and Rhamnolipid Synthesis by Pseudomonads: Establishment of the Transacylase (PhaG)-Mediated Pathway for PHA Biosynthesis inEscherichia coli

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3102-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd H. A. Rehm ◽  
Timothy A. Mitsky ◽  
Alexander Steinb�chel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rhamnolipid Production ◽  
Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Reductase Gene

ABSTRACT Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and rhamnolipids, which contain lipid moieties that are derived from fatty acid biosynthesis, we investigated various fab mutants from P. aeruginosa with respect to biosynthesis of PHAs and rhamnolipids. All isogenicfabA, fabB, fabI, rhlG, and phaG mutants fromP. aeruginosa showed decreased PHA accumulation and rhamnolipid production. In the phaG (encoding transacylase) mutant rhamnolipid production was only slightly decreased. Expression of phaG from Pseudomonas putida and expression of the β-ketoacyl reductase generhlG from P. aeruginosain these mutants indicated that PhaG catalyzes diversion of intermediates of fatty acid de novo biosynthesis towards PHA biosynthesis, whereas RhlG catalyzes diversion towards rhamnolipid biosynthesis. These data suggested that both biosynthesis pathways are competitive. In order to investigate whether PhaG is the only linking enzyme between fatty acid de novo biosynthesis and PHA biosynthesis, we generated five Tn5mutants of P. putida strongly impaired in PHA production from gluconate. All mutants were complemented by thephaG gene from P. putida, indicating that the transacylase-mediated PHA biosynthesis route represents the only metabolic link between fatty acid de novo biosynthesis and PHA biosynthesis in this bacterium. The transacylase-mediated PHA biosynthesis route from gluconate was established in recombinantE. coli, coexpressing the class II PHA synthase genephaC1 together with the phaG gene from P. putida, only when fatty acid de novo biosynthesis was partially inhibited by triclosan. The accumulated PHA contributed to 2 to 3% of cellular dry weight.

scholarly journals Diets Enriched with Conventional or High-Oleic Acid Canola Oils Lower Atherogenic Lipids and Lipoproteins Compared to a Diet with a Western Fatty Acid Profile in Adults with Central Adiposity

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate J Bowen ◽  
Penny M Kris-Etherton ◽  
Sheila G West ◽  
Jennifer A Fleming ◽  
Philip W Connelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

ABSTRACTBackgroundNovel oils high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are an alternative to partially hydrogenated oils high in trans-unsaturated fatty acids. There is widespread use of high-MUFA oils across the food industry; however, limited knowledge of their cardiovascular impact exists.ObjectivesWe investigated the effects of diets containing canola oil, high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO), and a control oil blend (diet formulated to emulate a Western fat profile) on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins (apos), as secondary outcomes of the trial.MethodsIn a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, 3-period crossover, controlled feeding trial, men (n = 44) and women (n = 75) with a mean age of 44 y, mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) of 31.7, and an increased waist circumference plus ≥1 metabolic syndrome criteria consumed prepared, weight-maintenance diets containing canola oil [17.5% MUFAs, 9.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), 6.6% SFAs], HOCO (19.1% MUFAs, 7.0% PUFAs, 6.4% SFAs), or control oil (10.5% MUFAs, 10.0% PUFAs, 12.3% SFAs) for 6 wk with ≥4-wk washouts. Fasting serum lipids were assessed at baseline and 6 wk. Diet effects were examined using a repeated measures mixed model.ResultsCompared with the control, canola and HOCO diets resulted in lower endpoint total cholesterol (TC; −4.2% and −3.4%; P < 0.0001), LDL cholesterol (−6.6% and −5.6%; P < 0.0001), apoB (−3.7% and −3.4%; P = 0.002), and non-HDL cholesterol (−4.5% and −4.0%; P = 0.001), with no differences between canola diets. The TC:HDL cholesterol and apoB:apoA1 ratios were lower after the HOCO diet than after the control diet (−3.7% and −3.4%, respectively). There were no diet effects on triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, or apoA1 concentrations.ConclusionsHOCO, with increased MUFAs at the expense of decreased PUFAs, elicited beneficial effects on lipids and lipoproteins comparable to conventional canola oil and consistent with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in adults with central adiposity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02029833.

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