Taphonomic variations in Eocene fish-bearing varves at Horsefly, British Columbia, reveal 10 000 years of environmental change

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G Barton ◽  
Mark VH Wilson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stratified Lake ◽  
Varved Sediments ◽  
Fish Morphology ◽  
Hypoxic Water ◽  
Lake Floor ◽  
Several Intervals

The Eocene Horsefly locality in British Columbia has yielded many fossil fishes, insects, and plants. Its varved sediments make it ideal for study of temporal changes in environment and fish morphology. Several intervals of diatomaceous varves indicate a deep, stratified lake setting. Earlier studies focused on morphological and taphonomic change during the 700-year H2 interval and morphological change during the 10 000-year H3 interval. The present study uses taphonomy as an index for environmental change during the ten millennia represented by H3, comparing taphonomic changes with the morphologic changes found earlier. The H3 interval records deposition in deep water, indicated by dominance of the fish genera Amyzon and Eohiodon. Quiet water conditions are indicated by minimal fin disarticulation. Hypoxia at the time of fish death is confirmed by open mouths of most fish specimens, while cool water on the lake floor prevented full flotation of fish carcasses. Water depth, temperature, and oxygenation fluctuated during H3 deposition. Periods of cooler, deeper, more hypoxic water are indicated by greater numbers and size of Amyzon specimens and by less disarticulation of skull and abdominal bones. Periods of warmer, shallower, more oxygenated waters are indicated by more disarticulation, less fin tetany, smaller fish specimens, and greater diversity of species. Correlations between the taphonomic changes and morphological changes in A. aggregatum are weak. Therefore, the morphological changes are not easily explained as ecophenotypic or short-term evolutionary responses to changes in physical lake conditions.

Morphological Changes in the Brain of Acutely Ill and Weight-Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Seitz ◽  
Katharina Bühren ◽  
Georg G. von Polier ◽  
Nicole Heussen ◽  
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Acute anorexia nervosa (AN) leads to reduced gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volume in the brain, which however improves again upon restoration of weight. Yet little is known about the extent and clinical correlates of these brain changes, nor do we know much about the time-course and completeness of their recovery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and a qualitative review of all magnetic resonance imaging studies involving volume analyses of the brain in both acute and recovered AN. Results: We identified structural neuroimaging studies with a total of 214 acute AN patients and 177 weight-recovered AN patients. In acute AN, GM was reduced by 5.6% and WM by 3.8% compared to healthy controls (HC). Short-term weight recovery 2–5 months after admission resulted in restitution of about half of the GM aberrations and almost full WM recovery. After 2–8 years of remission GM and WM were nearly normalized, and differences to HC (GM: –1.0%, WM: –0.7%) were no longer significant, although small residual changes could not be ruled out. In the qualitative review some studies found GM volume loss to be associated with cognitive deficits and clinical prognosis. Conclusions: GM and WM were strongly reduced in acute AN. The completeness of brain volume rehabilitation remained equivocal.

SHORT-TERM MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND SEDIMENT DYNAMICS OF TIDAL FLAT DUE TO TYPHOON PASSAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. I_499-I_504
Author(s):  
Itsuki KURITANI ◽  
Shigeru KATO ◽  
Takahiro TABATA ◽  
Ryota NAKAMURA ◽  
Takumi OKABE
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sediment Dynamics ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals DNA methyltransferase 3a mediates developmental thermal plasticity

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Loughland ◽  
Alexander Little ◽  
Frank Seebacher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase 3A

Abstract Background Thermal plasticity is pivotal for evolution in changing climates and in mediating resilience to its potentially negative effects. The efficacy to respond to environmental change depends on underlying mechanisms. DNA methylation induced by DNA methyltransferase 3 enzymes in the germline or during early embryonic development may be correlated with responses to environmental change. This developmental plasticity can interact with reversible acclimation within adult organisms, which would increase the speed of response and could alleviate potential mismatches between parental or early embryonic environments and those experienced at later life stages. Our aim was to determine whether there is a causative relationship between DNMT3 enzyme and developmental thermal plasticity and whether either or both interact with short-term acclimation to alter fitness and thermal responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Results We developed a novel DNMT3a knock-out model to show that sequential knock-out of DNA methyltransferase 3a isoforms (DNMT3aa−/− and DNMT3aa−/−ab−/−) additively decreased survival and increased deformities when cold developmental temperatures in zebrafish offspring mismatched warm temperatures experienced by parents. Interestingly, short-term cold acclimation of parents before breeding rescued DNMT3a knock-out offspring by restoring survival at cold temperatures. DNMT3a knock-out genotype interacted with developmental temperatures to modify thermal performance curves in offspring, where at least one DNMT3a isoform was necessary to buffer locomotion from increasing temperatures. The thermal sensitivity of citrate synthase activity, an indicator of mitochondrial density, was less severely affected by DNMT3a knock-out, but there was nonetheless a significant interaction between genotype and developmental temperatures. Conclusions Our results show that DNMT3a regulates developmental thermal plasticity and that the phenotypic effects of different DNMT3a isoforms are additive. However, DNMT3a interacts with other mechanisms, such as histone (de)acetylation, induced during short-term acclimation to buffer phenotypes from environmental change. Interactions between these mechanisms make phenotypic compensation for climate change more efficient and make it less likely that thermal plasticity incurs a cost resulting from environmental mismatches.

scholarly journals Getting to green: Niche-driven or government-led entrepreneurship and sustainability in the wine industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauretta Frederking
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sustainability Movement

Through the framework of Michael Porterʼs five forces, this article compares sustainability in the Oregon and British Columbia wine industries. After describing the contrasting characteristics of the green niche model and the government-led model of environmental change, the article analyzes the emerging challenges for each type of change.The distinct sources for profitability and future innovation suggests diversity within the sustainability movement and two very different processes of translating environmental values into entrepreneurial practice.

scholarly journals Late miocene ostracodes of Serbia: Morphologic and palaeoenvironmental considerations

2006 ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljupko Rundic
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Low Diversity

About 11.5 million years ago, a tectonic uplift of the Eastern and Western Carpathians separated the Pannonian Basin from the rest of the Paratethys. This orogenesis event caused an unconformity between the Sarmatian brackish sediments and the Pannonian lake-sea deposits. More than 6 Ma later, in these parts of the Paratethys, changes in the geographic framework, hydrological conditions and brackish - caspibrackish water chemistry led to the disappearance of restricted marine forms of life. A few euryhaline and marginal marine species survived this environmental change. Among the ostracodes, some originally freshwater taxa, such as Candoninae, entered the lake-sea. Many lineages show gradual morphological changes. The older, low diversity ostracode fauna from the Lower Pannonian dispersed to the endemic species and genera during the Upper Pannonian. This interval is assigned as the "bloom time" for many ostracodes, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This time sequence is the last appearances of genera such as Aurila Cytheridea, Propontoniella, etc. and simultaneously, the first appearances for many new genera, such as Zalanyiella, Serbiella, Camptocypria Sinegubiella etc. During the Pontian, migration processes were present. Therefore, it can be supposed that many eastern Paratethyan forms have Pannonian origin.

Regeneration from mesenteric arteries in short-term culture

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
J. D. Feldman ◽  
D. L. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Short Term Culture

The investigations which are described here were originally undertaken in order to investigate the pathogenesis of early hypertension at a time when no morphological changes were evident in adrenergic arteries on light microscopy. Evidence of functional change was therefore sought by comparing the growth patterns of cells from hypertensive and normal mesenteric arteries in culture. The study of the cells which migrated from the explants form the basis for this paper. Month-old Wistar laboratory-strain albino rats were used for the experiment. Young rats were deliberately selected, as fat could be more cleanly dissected away from vessel walls. Also: ‘Tissues from old animals are often more difficult to grow than tissues from young animals and exhibit a longer lag period before growth commences’ (Paul, 1965a). Each week, over a period of 14 weeks, hypertension was induced in a group of rats according to the method of Loomis (1946).

Labor of Meaning, Labor of Need

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Mostafanezhad ◽  
Krisnawati Suryanata ◽  
Saleh Azizi ◽  
Nicole Milne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Organic Farmers

This chapter critically examines the promise of organic farm volunteering programs such as WWOOF in meeting organic farmers’ need for affordable labor in Hawaii. While organic farm volunteering offers a short term coping strategy for some organic farmers, the cultural logic and rationale that propels these programs perpetuates the underlying labor problems that plague small organic farms. This chapter demonstrates the limitations of organic farm volunteering when utilized as a form of civic participation to drive economic and socio-environmental change.

scholarly journals Effect of various abiotic stressors on some biochemical indices of Lepidium sativum plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar N. Al-Sammarraie ◽  
Khalid Y. Alsharafa ◽  
Muhamad O. Al-limoun ◽  
Khaled M. Khleifat ◽  
Sameeh A. Al-Sarayreh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn this study, the regulation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) specific activity, anthocyanin, carotenoid, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and protein levels in cress leaves in response to different abiotic stresses were investigated. The total APX specific activity was significantly elevated after 9 days of drought treatment, short-term (2 h) exposure to 10, 100 and 370 µE of light, long-term exposure (at least 6 days) to 100 mM NaCl versus the specific APX activity in the controls. Furthermore, a significant change in total APX activity was detected in response to treatment with different temperatures; this change was an early response to 4 °C and 30 °C for a maximum of 4 h, while short-term exposure to 35 °C did not change total APX activity. The results of the present study revealed that plants have a wide range of mechanisms to cope with different stresses that possibly involve morphological changes. The results indicated that Lepidium sativum plants launch common protective pathways only under drought, salinity and high light stresses, while other protective mechanisms/strategies could be responsible for increasing the plants tolerance towards temperature and low light. Future studies will investigate changes in the photosynthetic quantum yield and specific target metabolites, proteins, and nonenzymatic antioxidants.

scholarly journals Short-Term Memory Deficits in the SLEEP Inbred Panel

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Kirklin R. Smith ◽  
Yazmin L. Serrano Negron ◽  
Susan T. Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Although sleep is heritable and conserved across species, sleep duration varies from individual to individual. A shared genetic architecture between sleep duration and other evolutionarily important traits could explain this variability. Learning and memory are critical traits sharing a genetic architecture with sleep. We wanted to know whether learning and memory would be altered in extreme long or short sleepers. We therefore assessed the short-term learning and memory ability of flies from the Sleep Inbred Panel (SIP), a collection of 39 extreme long- and short-sleeping inbred lines of Drosophila. Neither long nor short sleepers had appreciable learning, in contrast to a moderate-sleeping control. We also examined the response of long and short sleepers to enriched social conditions, a paradigm previously shown to induce morphological changes in the brain. While moderate-sleeping control flies had increased daytime sleep and quantifiable increases in brain structures under enriched social conditions, flies of the Sleep Inbred Panel did not display these changes. The SIP thus emerges as an important model for the relationship between sleep and learning and memory.

Hunters, Trappers, and Gatherers of the Sea: a Comparative Study of Fishing Strategies

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cove
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reward Structure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fishing Strategies ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Salmon Fishery

This study is a comparison of fishing strategies in three areas: the Newfoundland offshore fishery, the inshore salmon fishery of British Columbia, and an oyster fishery of Cornwall, England. From the Newfoundland fishery, a model was developed to account for differences in risk-taking by fishing captains. The model specified relations between reward structure, technology, and environment that influence captains’ evaluations and, hence, decision-making.The model was then tested in the other fishing contexts. The results indicate that the situational approach to risk-taking can be used for the problem of understanding short-term production strategies. This particular model, however, requires the addition of an historical dimension in order to adequately account for decision-making in all three fisheries.

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