scholarly journals Effect of various abiotic stressors on some biochemical indices of Lepidium sativum plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar N. Al-Sammarraie ◽  
Khalid Y. Alsharafa ◽  
Muhamad O. Al-limoun ◽  
Khaled M. Khleifat ◽  
Sameeh A. Al-Sarayreh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn this study, the regulation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) specific activity, anthocyanin, carotenoid, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and protein levels in cress leaves in response to different abiotic stresses were investigated. The total APX specific activity was significantly elevated after 9 days of drought treatment, short-term (2 h) exposure to 10, 100 and 370 µE of light, long-term exposure (at least 6 days) to 100 mM NaCl versus the specific APX activity in the controls. Furthermore, a significant change in total APX activity was detected in response to treatment with different temperatures; this change was an early response to 4 °C and 30 °C for a maximum of 4 h, while short-term exposure to 35 °C did not change total APX activity. The results of the present study revealed that plants have a wide range of mechanisms to cope with different stresses that possibly involve morphological changes. The results indicated that Lepidium sativum plants launch common protective pathways only under drought, salinity and high light stresses, while other protective mechanisms/strategies could be responsible for increasing the plants tolerance towards temperature and low light. Future studies will investigate changes in the photosynthetic quantum yield and specific target metabolites, proteins, and nonenzymatic antioxidants.

Reducing HVI Strength Variability by Sensing Humidity

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Taylor ◽  
R. S. Brown ◽  
L. C. Godbey
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Humidity Sensors ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength Variability

Short-term exposure of small cotton specimens to nonstandard atmospheric conditions can cause errors in their strength measurements. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of local humidity changes on strength measurements. Two production model high volume instruments were equipped with humidity sensors near their specimen brushing stations. The system from one vendor was more sensitive to short-term humidity cycles (1.15 compared to 0.6 %gf/tex/%RH), while the other system was more sensitive to humidity changes including sample conditioning (1.81 compared to 1.42 %gf/tex/%RH). Both instruments showed a wide range of strength-humidity sensitivities for the 57 cottons surveyed.

scholarly journals Behaviour and neuropathology in mice injected with human contactin-associated protein 2 antibodies

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 2000-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Giannoccaro ◽  
David A Menassa ◽  
Leslie Jacobson ◽  
Ester Coutinho ◽  
Gennaro Prota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fos Expression

Abstract Serum antibodies that bind to the surface of neurons or glia are associated with a wide range of rare but treatable CNS diseases. In many, if not most instances, the serum levels are higher than CSF levels yet most of the reported attempts to reproduce the human disease in mice have used infusion of antibodies into the mouse cerebral ventricle(s) or intrathecal space. We used the intraperitoneal route and injected purified plasma IgG from either a CASPR2-antibody-positive patient (n = 10 mice) or healthy individual (n = 9 mice) daily for 8 days. Lipopolysaccharide was injected intraperitoneally on Day 3 to cause a temporary breach in the blood brain barrier. A wide range of baseline behaviours, including tests of locomotion, coordination, memory, anxiety and social interactions, were established before the injections and tested from Day 5 until Day 11. At termination, brain tissue was analysed for human IgG, CASPR2 and c-fos expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and neuronal, astrocytic and microglial markers. Mice exposed to CASPR2-IgG, compared with control-IgG injected mice, displayed reduced working memory during the continuous spontaneous alternation test with trends towards reduced short-term and long-term memories. In the open field tests, activities were not different from controls, but in the reciprocal social interaction test, CASPR2-IgG injected mice showed longer latency to start interacting, associated with more freezing behaviour and reduced non-social activities of rearing and grooming. At termination, neuropathology showed more IgG deposited in the brains of CASPR2-IgG injected mice, but a trend towards increased CASPR2 expression; these results were mirrored in short-term in vitro experiments where CASPR2-IgG binding to hippocampal neurons and to CASPR2-transfected HEK cells led to some internalization of the IgG, but with a trend towards higher surface CASPR2 expression. Despite these limited results, in the CASPR2-IgG injected mouse brains there was increased c-fos expression in the piriform-entorhinal cortex and hypothalamus, and a modest loss of Purkinje cells. There was also increased microglia density, morphological changes in both microglia and astrocytes and raised complement C3 expression on astrocytes, all consistent with glial activation. Patients with CASPR2 antibodies can present with a range of clinical features reflecting central, autonomic and peripheral dysfunction. Although the behavioural changes in mice were limited to social interactions and mild working-memory defects, the neuropathological features indicate potentially widespread effects of the antibodies on different brain regions.

Effects of intermittent hyperbaric oxygen on guinea pig lung elastin and collagen

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Richmond ◽  
B. G. D'Aoust
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Gas Gangrene ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Parenchyma Tissue

The effect of high oxygen pressure on collagen and elastin turnover in lung parenchyma tissue was studied in guinea pigs. Three groups of animals was used. One group (I) was given a clinically excessive exposure of 3 h daily for 9 days of 3 ATA oxygen. A second group (II) was given 3 ATA compressed air on the same schedule, and a third (III), a control, was given the same handling conditions only. Collagen and elastin which amounted to 10.45 and 4.62 mg, respectively, per 100 mg dry defatted parenchymal tissue was labeled with [14C]proline injected ip. Connective tissue protein turnover wasestimated by labeling half of each group before exposure (a); effects on biosynthesis were determined by labeling the other half postexposure (b). No differences in hydroxyproline specific activity of collagen fractions or elastin were found with respect to either biosynthesis or turnover. Alveolarwall length-tension measurements were not changed. Since exposures were in excess of those used for treatment of gas gangrene, ischemic burns or woundhealing, these results suggest that the metabolism of lung connective tissueis unaffected by the short-term exposure to hyperbaric oxygen.

Correlative Light, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Rat Lungs After Short-Term Exposure to Cadmium Compounds

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
I. Paulini ◽  
K.-U. Thiedemann ◽  
C. Dasenbrock
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Rat Lungs ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Chronic environmental or workplace inhalation exposure to Cadmium (Cd) compounds may cause lung cancer. The morphological changes induced by short term Cd inhalation exposure have not been investigated. Nevertheless, they might give some insight into the sequence of morphological alterations and the events leading to the development of preneoplastic lesions. In this study, the acute morphological changes in rat lungs due to short term Cd exposure were investigated by correlative light (LM), scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Rats were exposed to Cd oxide (CdO), Cd chloride (CdCl2), and Cd sulfide (CdS) (270 μg Cd/m3; 18 hrs/d) for 3 d, 9 d, 4 wks, and 4 wks plus 16 wks clean air (recovery groups). Animals were sacrificed 2 d after the end of the exposure period. Lungs were fixed by intratracheal instillation of a 2% glutardialdehyde in Na-cacodylate buffer solution (pH 7.3; 190 mOsmol; 4°C) under a pressure of 20 cm water column and postfixed in 1% Osmium tetroxide (same buffer).

Morphological Changes in the Brain of Acutely Ill and Weight-Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Seitz ◽  
Katharina Bühren ◽  
Georg G. von Polier ◽  
Nicole Heussen ◽  
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Acute anorexia nervosa (AN) leads to reduced gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volume in the brain, which however improves again upon restoration of weight. Yet little is known about the extent and clinical correlates of these brain changes, nor do we know much about the time-course and completeness of their recovery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and a qualitative review of all magnetic resonance imaging studies involving volume analyses of the brain in both acute and recovered AN. Results: We identified structural neuroimaging studies with a total of 214 acute AN patients and 177 weight-recovered AN patients. In acute AN, GM was reduced by 5.6% and WM by 3.8% compared to healthy controls (HC). Short-term weight recovery 2–5 months after admission resulted in restitution of about half of the GM aberrations and almost full WM recovery. After 2–8 years of remission GM and WM were nearly normalized, and differences to HC (GM: –1.0%, WM: –0.7%) were no longer significant, although small residual changes could not be ruled out. In the qualitative review some studies found GM volume loss to be associated with cognitive deficits and clinical prognosis. Conclusions: GM and WM were strongly reduced in acute AN. The completeness of brain volume rehabilitation remained equivocal.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

SHORT-TERM MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND SEDIMENT DYNAMICS OF TIDAL FLAT DUE TO TYPHOON PASSAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. I_499-I_504
Author(s):  
Itsuki KURITANI ◽  
Shigeru KATO ◽  
Takahiro TABATA ◽  
Ryota NAKAMURA ◽  
Takumi OKABE
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sediment Dynamics ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Individual Expression of Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Induces Ferroptosis in Human Cells In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7906
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Komissarov ◽  
Maria A. Karaseva ◽  
Marina P. Roschina ◽  
Andrey V. Shubin ◽  
Nataliya A. Lunina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
3C Protease ◽  
Wide Range

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a fundamental process common to nearly all living beings and essential for the development and tissue homeostasis in animals and humans. A wide range of molecules can induce RCD, including a number of viral proteolytic enzymes. To date, numerous data indicate that picornaviral 3C proteases can induce RCD. In most reported cases, these proteases induce classical caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, the human hepatitis A virus 3C protease (3Cpro) has recently been shown to cause caspase-independent cell death accompanied by previously undescribed features. Here, we expressed 3Cpro in HEK293, HeLa, and A549 human cell lines to characterize 3Cpro-induced cell death morphologically and biochemically using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We found that dead cells demonstrated necrosis-like morphological changes including permeabilization of the plasma membrane, loss of mitochondrial potential, as well as mitochondria and nuclei swelling. Additionally, we showed that 3Cpro-induced cell death was efficiently blocked by ferroptosis inhibitors and was accompanied by intense lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these results indicate that 3Cpro induces ferroptosis upon its individual expression in human cells. This is the first demonstration that a proteolytic enzyme can induce ferroptosis, the recently discovered and actively studied type of RCD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document