A dynamic model of nutrient pathways, growth, and body composition in fish

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav S Bar ◽  
Trygve Sigholt ◽  
Karl D Shearer ◽  
Åshild Krogdahl
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Feeding Experiments

The growth and body composition of an organism are dynamic and depend on available diet, as well as other environmental variables. A structured model is described predicting growth, body composition, and the first limiting amino acid for a variety of feeding regimes over a relatively long time scale. This model continuously provides, as a function of time, the flow of nutrients and metabolites through the principal metabolic pathways leading to tissue growth. Measurements of growth and whole body composition (including amino acid composition) from a large-scale experiment with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been employed to calibrate this model. Comparisons of simulations with the results of feeding experiments validate the predictive ability of the model. These types of simulations will be valuable in studying the quantitative relationships between intracellular energy levels and nutrient distribution in tissues. They will also provide data for balancing diet composition and amino acid profile in order to optimize growth with respect to factors such as body weight, body composition, and ambient temperature. As a result of its modularity, the model can be easily extended to include additional physiological and metabolic processes.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of DL-Methionine on Growth and Whole Body Amino Acid Profile of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Elangovan Prabu ◽  
Nathan Felix ◽  
Baboonsundaram Ahilan ◽  
Cheryl Antony ◽  
Arumugam Uma
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Genetically Improved

Growth, survival, body composition and amino acid profile of Macrobrachium borellii against the limitation of feeds with different C:N ratios with comments about application in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 3947-3958
Author(s):  
Débora Carvalho ◽  
Paula Reyes ◽  
Verónica Williner ◽  
María C. Mora ◽  
María F. Viozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Profile

scholarly journals A modified low-protein infant formula supports adequate growth in healthy, term infants: a randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 962-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie M P Kouwenhoven ◽  
Nadja Antl ◽  
Martijn J J Finken ◽  
Jos W R Twisk ◽  
Eline M van der Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Equivalence Trial ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formula Group

ABSTRACT Background A high protein intake in early life is associated with a risk of obesity later in life. The essential amino acid requirements of formula-fed infants have been reassessed recently, enabling a reduction in total protein content and thus in protein intake. Objectives We aimed to assess the safety of an infant formula with a modified amino acid profile and a modified low-protein (mLP) content in healthy term-born infants. Outcomes were compared with a specifically designed control (CTRL) infant formula. Methods In this double-blind, randomized controlled equivalence trial, infants received either mLP (1.7 g protein/100 kcal; n = 90) or CTRL formula (2.1 g protein/100 kcal; n = 88) from enrollment (age ≤ 45 d) to 6 mo of age. A breastfed group served as a reference (n = 67). Anthropometry and body composition were determined at baseline, 17 wk (including safety blood parameters), and 6 mo of age. The primary outcome was daily weight gain from enrollment up until the age of 17 wk (at an equivalence margin of ±3.0 g/d). Results Weight gain from baseline (mean ± SD age: 31 ± 9 d) up to the age of 17 wk was equivalent between the mLP and CTRL formula groups (27.9 and 28.8 g/d, respectively; difference: −0.86 g/d; 90% CI: −2.36, 0.63 g/d). No differences in other growth parameters, body composition, or in adverse events were observed. Urea was significantly lower in the mLP formula group than in the CTRL formula group (−0.74 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.97, −0.51 mmol/L; P < 0.001). Growth rates, fat mass, fat-free mass, and several essential amino acids were significantly higher in both formula groups than in the breastfed reference group. Conclusions Feeding an infant formula with a modified amino acid profile and a lower protein content from an average age of 1 mo until the age of 6 mo is safe and supports an adequate growth, similar to that of infants consuming CTRL formula. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as Trial NL4677.

scholarly journals The Specific Judo Training Program Combined With the Whole Body Cryostimulation Induced an Increase of Serum Concentrations of Growth Factors and Changes in Amino Acid Profile in Professional Judokas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Jaworska ◽  
Radoslaw Laskowski ◽  
Ewa Ziemann ◽  
Klaudia Zuczek ◽  
Giovanni Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Group A ◽  
Different Response

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific training program, supported by 10 sessions of whole body cryostimulation, on growth factors concentrations, amino acids profile and motor abilities in professional judokas. Ultimately, twelve athletes took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to the cryostimulation group (CRY, n = 6) or the control group (CON, n = 6). During 2 weeks of the judo training program, the CRY group performed 10 cryo-sessions (3-min, at a temperature of −110°C) and the CON group rested passively. Anthropometric measurements, a strength test, the Special Judo Efficiency Test (SJET) were assessed 2 days before and after the judo training program. Blood samples were collected at rest, 1 h after the first and the second SJET and 1 h after the first and the last cryo-session to establish growth factors and amino acid concentrations. Lactate level was measured before, immediately after and 1 h after the first and the second SJET. The applied intervention resulted in a significant increase of resting concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (from 10.23 ± 1.61 to 15.13 ± 2.93 ng⋅ml–1; p = 0.01) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; from 174.29 ± 49.34 to 300.50 ± 43.80 pg⋅ml–1; p = 0.00) in the CRY group. A different response was registered 1 h directly post SJET in the CRY group (a significant increase of IGF-1, interleukin 15 and irisin: p = 0.01; p = 0.00; p = 0.03). Additionally, the significant drop of proline and leucine concentrations in the CRY group was obtained. Athletes’ performance remained unchanged in both groups. However, subjects perceived positive changes induced by the intervention – not directly after cryostimulation but in response to the specific training workload. The increase of growth factors concentrations and the improvement of amino acid profile (proline and leucine) contributed to maintaining a high level of muscle function.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole)

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farid ◽  
N. Khan ◽  
M. Fatima ◽  
F. Rasool ◽  
H. Azmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Channa Marulius ◽  
Protein Feed

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Comparative performance and body composition of control and selection line large white pigs 3. Three low feeding scales for a fixed time

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ellis ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
Ruth Henderson ◽  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
R. Laird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Daily Growth

ABSTRACTGrowth performance and body composition differences between Large White control (C) and index-selected (S) pigs were evaluated on feeding scales calculated to give very low, low and medium daily growth rates of approximately 450 g, 550 g and 650 g respectively. Starting at 30·3 (s.e. 0·32) kg, 72 boars were penned in groups of six, and one C and one S boar was fed on each of the three feeding scales for 84 days. The feeding scales started at 1·1, 1·2 and 1·3 kg per pig per day for the intended very low, low and medium growth rates with weekly increments of 0·025, 0·050 and 0·075 kg per pig per day. The 34 C and 35 S boars which completed the trial were slaughtered, their carcasses dissected and the whole empty bodies minced and chemically analysed. In no case was the interaction between line of pig and feeding treatment significant. S boars grew faster than C boars on all three levels of feeding. S boars also grew lean tissue faster, deposited less total fat, and had smaller backfat depths than C boars. Similar differences between lines in chemical composition were also apparent for whole body crude protein and lipid. Although the index selection at Newcastle was based on ad libitum performance tests, improvements in the lean content and lean tissue growth rates of the selection line were apparent even at very low levels of feeding.

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