Spoilage of Fish in the Vessels at Sea: 2. Treatment on the Deck and in the Hold

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
W. A. MacCallum ◽  
H. E. Power
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Warm Summer ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Initial Contamination

A study has been made of some of the factors affecting the spoilage rate of fish in the trawlers at sea. It was found that two conditions were major causes of accelerated spoilage: (1) Treatments that resulted in very heavy initial contamination such as storing the fish directly against the slimy wooden pen boards, and (2) Treatments that resulted in a rise in the temperature of the fish. This latter may be a larger increase in temperature for a short period, such as exposure of the fish on the deck during warm summer weather, or a smaller increase over a longer period, such as results from inadequate or inefficient icing.Other types of carelessness and unsanitary conditions did not have any significant effect on the fish until at least 6 or 7 days, as long as they were well iced during the subsequent storage period in the hold.

Factors Affecting Gelation of Lidocaine Hydrochloride-Loaded Polyelectrolyte Complex Thermosensitivity Gel for Dry Socket Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Nuttawut Supachawaroj ◽  
Sucharat Limsitthichaikoon
Keyword(s):  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Lidocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Gelation Temperature ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dry Socket ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Gel Preparation

Dry socket disease, a pocket wound caused by the tooth extraction that resulted in severe acute pain which requires a topical analgesic with rapidly pain reduction and suppress the pain until the wound healed. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting gelation temperature and gelation time of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH)-loaded polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) thermosensitivity gel for treating dry socket wound. The first factor was investigated the effects of the ratio of three different types of polymers as chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer407 (P407) on the phase transition caused by temperature. The second factor was examined the effects of gel preparation methods. The results showed that increasing concentration of the cationic polymer as CS induced the separation of the solution to gel (sol-to-gel) system due to the charge of CS and the charge of PEC. The ratio of HA:P407 affected the gel forming which high concentration of P407 reduced the gelation temperature while low concentration of HA disturbed the sol-to-gel state causing coagulation. The viscosity, spreadability, and swelling were significantly increased due to the concomitant increased in each polymer, HA and P407. The particle of the formulation observed under microscope was found to be less than 1 µm. Phase inversion from sol-to-gel was found after a min at 23°C. Since gelation temperature of the purposed formula is supposed to form gel below 37°C within a short period of injection. The results of the study indicate the suitable sol-to-gel forming in the appropriate temperature and time which should be used for further investigation in the efficacy and safety.

Factors affecting the phenology of the first brood of the sugar-cane froghopper Aeneolamia varia saccharina (Dist.) (Homoptera, Cercopidae) in Trinidad

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. S. King
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Predictive Relationship

AbstractThe size and occurrence of the first brood of adults of Aeneolamia varia saccharina (Dist.) are examined in relation to the pattern of egg eclosion and rainfall. The proportion of eggs hatching within a month of oviposition in the laboratory (short-period eggs) decreased from over 90% in August to less than 20% in January, but the incubation periods of the remaining, long-period eggs were longest in those laid during October and November. The overall hatching distributions tended to be bimodal with most eggs hatching during the early months of the year under moist conditions at 26°C. Dry soil conditions delay eclosion, and eggs obtained from fields during the dry season and then incubated under moist conditions tended to hatch at the normally expected time of the first rains in May. The numbers of eggs expected to produce the first brood, computed from laboratory hatching data and estimates of the numbers and fecundities of froghoppers during the second, third and fourth broods, were less than the actual numbers sampled just before the first rains. There was a close relationship between the first rainfall of over one inch within 48 h and adult emergence 27 and 34 days later, and 85% of field egg populations in May had hatched and/or died by the week after the first rains. However some variation in the date of their occurrence accounted for non-synchrony of first broods over the region. The numbers of diapause eggs in fields sampled during the dry season failed to give a good predictive relationship with first brood adult populations, probably because of density dependent mortality of eggs or hatchling nymphs.

Changes in Populations of Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated on Packaged Fresh-Cut Vegetables

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. FARBER ◽  
S. L. WANG ◽  
Y. CAI ◽  
S. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Mix Temperature

A variety of Wholesale and retail packaged vegetables and salads were inoculated with a mixture of strains of Listeria monocytogenes and incubated at 4 and 10°C. Whole rutabagas, butternut squash, and onions, as well as packaged Caesar salad, carrots, coleslaw mix, and stir-fry vegetables were purchased from local supermarkets in the Ottawa area. L. monocytogenes population levels remained constant on all fresh-cut vegetables stored at 4°C for 9 days, except for carrots and butternut squash: counts of cell numbers declined on carrots and increased on the butternut squash. Fresh-cut vegetables stored at 10°C, however, supported good growth of L. monocytogenes on all vegetables tested, except for chopped carrots, where the population decreased approximately 2 log units over a 9-day storage period. As in the situation with the produce stored at 4°C, butternut squash supported the highest rate of cell growth. In addition, Caesar salad and coleslaw mix were kept at 25°C for 1 or 2 days before subsequent storage at 4 or 10°C to simulate extreme temperature-abuse conditions. In Caesar salad stored at 4°C, by day 6 an initial 24- and 48-h temperature abuse at 25°C led to a 1.21- and 2.55-log-unit population increase, respectively, over the control. Similar increases were observed on Caesar salads stored at 10°C. Compared to Caesar salad, coleslaw mix temperature-abused at 25°C and then stored at 4°C supported slightly greater increases in the population of L. monocytogenes, i.e., a 3.22- and 3.83-log-unit increase over the control for the 1- and 2-day abused samples, respectively. Coleslaw mix samples temperature-abused and then stored at 10°C, however, only showed log unit increases of 1.75 and 1.94, respectively, compared to the Controls. These results point to the importance of strict temperature control to prevent or reduce the growth of L. monocytogenes cells on fresh-cut vegetables.

scholarly journals How Do Millennial Managers Lead Older Employees? The Philippine Workplace Experience

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402091465
Author(s):  
Arneil G. Gabriel ◽  
Gloria M. Alcantara ◽  
Josephina D. G. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leadership Attributes ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Workplace Experience ◽  
Short Period ◽  
And Performance

As millennial workers enter and dominate the global workforce by 2025, understanding their leadership styles is vital to bring about higher level of performance and productivity in the workplace. The Millennials, the next generation of leaders, are entering the workforce and assuming leadership positions in a relatively short period. More often, they found themselves leading employees that are older than themselves and yet their leadership traits and styles are not fully understood. The study explores factors affecting leadership styles of millennial managers and how they are manifested and applied in managing and resolving conflict involving older subordinates. Using a qualitative approach, it employs interviews, participant observation, and prolonged engagement with four millennial managers from the National Food Authority in the Philippines as they lead, manage, and interact with their older staff. Data collected were triangulated by document analysis and interview of the millennial managers’ subordinates themselves. The results of the study show that the participants’ leadership competencies are in the early stages of development. The participants consider building good impression and rapport highlighting the importance of soft skills in leadership, strong sense of respect, reverse mentoring, delegation of tasks, and the ability to handle expectations and performance as factors in managing older employees. This study draws the attention to examining the leadership attributes and potentials of Filipino millennial managers in the context of Philippine workplace culture using insights from Public Administration, Social Sciences, and Psychology.

scholarly journals Evaluasi ketahanan simpan enam belas genotip benih jagung hibrida Unpad pada periode simpan empat bulan

Kultivasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nuraini ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Muhamad Kadapi ◽  
Agus Wahyudin ◽  
Dedi Ruswandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Seed Storability

Abstract. Seed storage is a post-harvest activity that is done to maintain the seed quality before planting. The problem often encountered in seed storage is the rapid reduction of seed quality in short period of time. Seed storability is important to maintain seed quality in good condition. The aim of this research was to find out the best seed storability of 16 genotypes of UNPAD Hybrid Maize Seeds after 4 months storage period. This research was done by identificating best seed storability after some storage period of single hybrid maize seed, namely, DR (Downey Resistance), BR, MDR (mutant of DR), and MBR (mutant of BR) which are a collection of Maize Development Team Plant Breedung Laboratory Faculty of Agri-culture Universitas Padjadjaran. This research was conducted from October 2016 until February 2017 at Seed Technology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran. Completely Randomized Design was used and repeated two times. Data were tabulated and analyzed using the F test, while to test the significant difference further were using Scott Knott test level of 5%. The result showed that there is significant difference in electrical conductivity value, 1000 grain weight, seed germination capacity, vigor index, seed growth simultaneously, and normal seedling dry weight after 4 months storage period. MDR 18.5.1, DR 17, 4BR 157, 4MDR 14.1.1  were the best genotype on seed storability after 4 months storage period.Keywords : maize, genotypes, seed storability,  storage period Sari. Penyimpanan benih merupakan kegiatan pascapanen yang dilakukan untuk memper-tahankan mutu benih hingga benih tersebut siap ditanam. Permasalahan yang sering dihadapi pada penyimpanan benih yaitu penurunan mutu benih secara cepat dalam periode yang belum terlalu lama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketahanan simpan 16 genotip benih jagung hibrida UNPAD yang terbaik setelah periode simpan empat bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengiden-tifikasi ketahanan simpan terbaik setelah bebe-rapa periode simpan dari genotip benih jagung hibrida tunggal, yaitu genotip DR (Downey Resistance), BR, MDR (mutan DR), dan MBR (mutan BR) yang merupakan koleksi Tim Pengembangan Jagung Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padja-djaran. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2016 sampai Februari 2017 di Labora-torium Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Leng-kap (RAL) 2 ulangan. Data dianalisis mengguna-kan uji F, sedangkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan digunakan uji Scott Knott pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terda-pat perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter daya hantar listrik, bobot 100 butir, daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, keserempakan tum-buh, serta bobot kering kecambah normal setelah periode simpan 4 bulan. Genotip MDR 18.5.1, DR 17, 4BR 157, 4MDR 14.1.1 merupakan genotip yang memiliki ketahanan simpan  setelah periode simpan 4 bulan.Kata kunci: jagung, genotip, ketahanan simpan, periode simpan

scholarly journals Effect of nanosized calcium and magnesium particles on absorption in peach tree leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Ryoung Park ◽  
Yoon-Hee Jang ◽  
Il Kyung Chung ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Peach Trees

Plants require a variety of elements to grow. Of these, calcium and magnesium play an important role in strengthening the cell wall. Although peaches (Prunus Persica) are highly preferred by consumers, they ripen quickly and become soft over a relatively short period of time after harvesting, making them difficult to transport and store. In addition, the ripening process of peaches proceeds very quickly. In addition, cell walls are weakened during maturation, and various pathogens can easily grow, causing rapid decay. Therefore, yield loss occurs during long-term storage or transport. To increase the storage period, a method to delay softening action is required. One potential means to improve firmness is improve calcium and magnesium content as these elements make up and strengthen cell walls. However, calcium and magnesium are not readily absorbed by plants. In this study, the size of calcium and magnesium particles were reduced to less than 900 nm via grinding and their absorption rates were evaluated in the leaves of peach trees. When plant nutrients with a small particle size by nanotechnology were sprayed on peach trees, the content of calcium and magnesium was increased in the petioles, adaxial, abaxial, and leaf side. Therefore, a reduction in the particle size of calcium and magnesium increases the absorption rate in peach leaves.

scholarly journals Decreased Hemolysis of Red Cells Washed with Plasma-Lyte As Compared with 0.9% Sodium Chloride

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3557-3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Kirkley ◽  
Kelly F Henrichs ◽  
Amy P. Schmidt ◽  
Majed A. Refaai ◽  
Richard P. Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Current Limit ◽  
Subsequent Storage

Abstract Introduction -Washed red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusions have been a valuable therapeutic option for patients with repeated or severe allergic or febrile reactions. Recent data from randomized and observational clinical trials demonstrate that washed transfusions reduce inflammatory and immunologic complications, including recurrence of acute leukemia, death after coronary surgery, elevations of IL-6 and C-reactive protein after pediatric cardiac surgery, and transfusion related acute lung injury and transfusion associated cardiac overload. However, washing of RBCs may not be completely benign. Increased hemolysis may occur in vitro. Washing of RBCs stored for longer periods (>28 days) is associated with increased morbidity in pediatric cardiac surgery patients receiving massive transfusions of older RBCs. Current washing techniques and dilution of RBCs for transfusion employ 0.9% normal saline (NS) which is both hypertonic and acidic. We evaluated whether use of a more physiologic solution, Plasma-Lyte, causes less damage to RBCs than use of NS. Methods -We employed RBC units (n=15) collected for, but not suitable for clinical transfusion. Median storage age was 19 days (range 10-39 days). Each donor unit (11 AS-1, 3 AS-3 and 1 CPD-A1) was split in two using aseptic technique, and washed with either a liter of NS or Plasma-Lyte employing a standard clinical protocol on a Terumo 2991. Each half was resuspended in 20 ml of washing solution. Aliquots (12 ml) were removed prior to and immediately after washing, and after 24, 48 and 72 hours of storage at 1-6¡ C. These aliquots were immediately centrifuged (15 min at 4,300 x g) and the supernatant stored at -80¡ C. Hemoglobin and heme in the supernatant were quantitated using QuantiChrom kits. All comparisons were by Wilcoxon matched pairs non-parametric tests. Results -Supernatants immediately after washing had similar mean free hemoglobin (pre = 160 mg/dl ± 80 [SEM]; post = 66 ± 12 for NS and 58 ± 10 for Plasma-Lyte) and heme (pre = 92 µM ± 46; post = 36 ± 8 for NS and 33 ± 7 for Plasma-Lyte ). However, by 24 hours of storage after washing (the current limit for clinical use), supernatant heme and hemoglobin were significantly greater by about 50% in RBCs stored in NS (87 µM ± 22 and 151 mg/dl ± 36) as compared to Plasma-Lyte (59 µM ± 21 and 108 mg/dl ± 36; p = 0.014 and 0.02). These changes accelerated during subsequent storage (see figure for heme levels-differences in hemoglobin were comparable). Prolonged storage after NS washing predisposed to greater hemolysis than did Plasma-Lyte washing. Supernatant heme levels at 72 hours post washing increased from early (10-18 days; n=5) to late (31-39 days; n=5) storage by a mean of 61% in Plasma-Lyte washed RBCs (p=0.26) compared with 200% in NS washed RBCs (p=0.016) Conclusions -RBCs stored for 10-39 days and then washed with Plasma-Lyte experience strikingly less hemolysis. Whether such differences would occur in vivo is not known, and the clinical implications are yet to be determined. Circulating free heme and hemoglobin levels have been associated with thrombosis in animal models, transfused patients and patients with sickle cell disease. NS, as opposed to Plasma-Lyte, has been linked to increased renal injury and mortality in animal models and patients. We speculate that hemolysis may be a contributing cause. Our results indicate that RBC washing with Plasma-Lyte is a superior approach and potentially safer than NS. These findings also suggest the hypothesis for further investigation of whether NS is truly a suitable diluent for RBC transfusion, and whether NS is the safest choice when crystalloid is indicated for volume replacement or apheresis. Plasma-Lyte washing might also facilitate increasing the storage period of washed RBCs. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Off Label Use: See Dr. Blumberg's disclosure. Blumberg:Biomet: Consultancy; Terumo: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Bruchid a Serious Pest on Pulse Crops: Its Control Measures and Breeding Advancements: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ragul ◽  
N. Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Initial Infestation ◽  
Storage Pest

Bruchid (Callosobruchus spp.) are the most destructive, notorious storage pest of pulses in the tropical and sub-tropical region. The yield losses are higher than half of the expected yield with in the short period of time. Bruchid initial infestation started in the field and shortly builds up during storage time and cause severe seed damage up to 100 per cent. Bruchid infestation ranges from 60 to 100% within two to three months of storage period. Among the different bruchid species, cowpea weevils (C. maculatus F.) and azuki bean weevils (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) are the most destructive storage pest of pulses. Though several options are now available to identify the elite genotypes against bruchid infestation, still the development of genotypes with sufficient level of host plant resistance is not achieved. In this pursuit, the present article has given a detailed review of the major species of bruchid, insect life style, management practices, screening technique, sources of resistance, novel breeding strategies and recent advancements including use of molecular markers in marker aided selection and QTL studies for bruchid resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of packaging material and postharvest calcium treatment on weight loss, decay and biochemical quality of strawberry fruits during storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1165
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
R. S. Antil ◽  
Angrej Ali
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Calcium Treatment ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Cold Condition ◽  
Biochemical Quality

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruits are highly perishable which lose their marketability within a short period of time, resulting in considerable loss of fruits after harvest. In present study, the packaging materials treatment i.e. polypropylene terephthalate (PET) Punnet and High density polythene (HDPE) crates and calcium compounds (CaCl2 and Ca(No3)2) were examined for the storability and biochemical quality of strawberry (cv. Winter Down) fruits in cold condition (3±1 °C) in comparison to the untreated control fruit in ambient storage for 3, 6 and 8 days storage period. Results revealed that physiological loss in weight (PLW) and fruit decay increased with the advancement of the storage period irrespective of the treatments. Fruits treated with CaCl2 (2%), packed in PET Punnets and stored in cold condition (3±1 °C) showed significantly minimum PLW (6.55, 11.12 and 15 34 %) and fruit decay (7.29, 17.71 and 34.38 %) at 3, 6 and 8 days storage, respectively. Non-treated control fruits at ambient conditions could not maintain their marketability even 3 days of storage and showed relatively high decay losses (25.00, 62.21 and 91.67 % at 3, 6 and 8 days of storage, respectively). Packaging and calcium treatment did not affect the fruit total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugars but was found effective to slow down the decrease of ascorbic acid and acidity contents of the fruit during storage. PET Punnets packaged fruits treated with CaCl2 (2%) under cold conditions retained better shelf-life with better biochemical quality of fruits during storage while untreated control fruits deteriorated rapidly.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF HARVEST TIME AND STORAGE ON ATTRIBUTES OF EATING QUALITY IN ACORN SQUASH

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 496D-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
The Relationship

Premature harvest of acorn squash is a widespread problem because fruits reach maximum size and optimum color within 20 days after pollination (DAP), well before peak dry matter and sugar content occur. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between harvest date and physiological factors affecting eating quality in Cucurbita pepo L. squash. In the summer of 2005, C. pepo squash cultivars were evaluated at three harvest dates, 25, 35, and 45 days after pollination (DAP), with or without a 10-day storage period at 21 °C. Four F1 hybrid cultivars carrying powdery mildew tolerance (PMT) were evaluated: a semi-bush, commercial acorn cultivar (`Tip Top'), a high quality experimental acorn, bush hybrid (NH1634), and two sweet dumpling-type, semi-bush hybrids (NH1635 and 1636). Data were collected on mesocarp DW, oBrix (soluble solids), and partitioning of biomass between mesocarp tissue and developing embryos during storage. Peak DWs of 20% to 21% occurred at 25 DAP in NH1634, 1635 and 1636, and at 35 DAP in Tip Top (19.5 %). At 25 DAP, Brix was low (means of 5.9 to 7.2) across all cultivars. With harvest at 25 DAP plus 10 days storage, oBrix was low in Tip Top (7.1), but was higher than 10 in NH1634 and NH1636. Brix reached near maximum (13 to 15) at 45 DAP in NH1634, 1635 and 1636, and at 55 DAP in Tip Top (12). Embryos were small (DW = 8 to 19 mg) at 25 DAP and grew fairly linearly to a maximum at 55 DAP. Mean embryo DW at 55 DAP was 87.5 mg for Tip Top, 76.9 mg for NH1636, 57.1 mg for NH1634, and 28.5 mg for NH1635. The proportion of total fruit biomass expressed as energy equivalents (kJoules) allocated to embryos in mature fruit (45 DAP + 10 days storage) was 11.8% in NH1635, 18.7% in NH1634, 27.4% in Tip Top, and 30.2% in NH1636. Reallocation of assimilates from mesocarp tissue to developing embryos was a major contributing factor, along with respiration, to a reduction in mesocarp dry matter during storage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document