Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Photoperiod on the Aggregations of Chum Salmon Fry (Oncorhynchus keta)

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Shelbourn
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Hatchery Stock ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
History Of

Underyearling chum fry from hatchery stock were held in fresh water and salt water at two different temperatures and under two different photoperiods and acclimated to these conditions for 40 days before testing started. Aggregations were greater in salt water than in fresh water (p <.01). Fish acclimated to cold water schooled more strongly than those acclimated to warm water but this effect was not considered statistically significant. There were no differences in intensity of aggregation due to photoperiod (p >.05). The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to life history of the fry.

The utilization of cold-water zooplankton as prey for chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) in Yamada Bay, Iwate, Pacific coast of northern Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 100633
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Yamada ◽  
Kei Sasaki ◽  
Kodai Yamane ◽  
Miwa Yatsuya ◽  
Yuichi Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Northern Japan

Behavioral Ecology of Chum Salmon Fry (Oncorhynchus keta) in a Small Estuary

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
And Behavior

Chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) in the estuary of a small coastal stream exploited fresh water, estuarine, and marine food chains and, by so doing, were exposed to marked, daily fluctuations in salinity that demanded active selection of fresh water on ebbing tides day and night. The resulting delay in seaward migration and associated behavioral observations are inadequately reflected in published accounts of the life history and behavior of chum fry in natural systems and laboratory situations, and the downstream displacement theory. The biological basis for delayed seaward migration of chum fry merits the attention of fishery researchers and resource managers alike.

Changes in Body Chloride, Density, and Water Content of Chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and Coho (O. kisutch) Salmon Fry when Transferred from Fresh Water to Sea Water

1951 ◽  
Vol 8b (3) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Safford Black
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Salmon Fry

Changes in body chloride, density and water content of chum and coho salmon fry were measured when these fish were transferred from fresh water to sea water, and the reverse. Both species tolerated 50% sea water (8–9‰ Cl). Chum fry survived direct transfer from fresh water to sea water (15–17‰ Cl), but showed a marked increase in body chloride during the first 12 hours, followed by a return to the normal range between 12 and 24 hours. Coho, however, died within the first 36 hours, after a 60% increase in chloride. Coho fry lost more water than chum fry after introduction to sea water. The density of both species approximated that of the water within an hour of transfer to the new medium. When returned to fresh water after 12 hours in sea water the body chloride, density, and water content of both species regained normal levels within 10 hours. Chum salmon go to sea as fry, whereas cohos remain in fresh water a year or more. Although coho fry seem capable of some adjustment to sea water after a preliminary period in 50% sea water, permanent acclimatization could not be demonstrated under the experimental conditions.

Evolutionary history of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp.) in British Columbia: insights from a physiological clock

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2154-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rees Kassen ◽  
Dolph Schluter ◽  
John Donald McPhail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Freshwater Invasion ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
History Of

Geologic and allozyme evidence suggests that threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) in low-lying southwestern British Columbia lakes were founded during two incursions of marine sticklebacks after the retreat of the Pleistocene glaciers (the double-invasion hypothesis). We used the salinity tolerance of embryos, measured as hatchability in salt water, to establish the relative order of freshwater invasion by marine sticklebacks and to test the double-invasion hypothesis. Limnetics and an anadromous population hatched nearly equivalent numbers of young in salt water as in fresh water, whereas benthics and one solitary freshwater population had low hatchability in salt water. We also found that eggs from freshwater populations were larger than those from marine populations and limnetics had smaller eggs than benthics and the solitary population. These results support the double-invasion hypothesis and suggest a trend of increasing egg size with increasing time spent in fresh water.

Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Survival, Condition, and Timing of Emergence of Chum Salmon Fry (Oncorhynchus keta)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Dill ◽  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Gravel Size ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Survival Condition

In an experiment in incubation channels at Robertson Creek, B.C., survival of chum salmon from planting of eggs to emergence of fry was higher in large gravel (2–4 inches, 5.1–10.2 cm) than in small gravel (0.4–1.5 inches, 1.0–3.8 cm). Neither condition coefficient nor timing of emergence was affected by gravel size. There were no significant effects of egg burial depth (8 and 12 inches, 20.3 and 30.5 cm) or density (50 and 100 per treatment) on condition coefficient, or timing of emergence.

Effects of hatchery chum salmon fry on density-dependent intra- and interspecific competition between wild chum and masu salmon fry

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koh Hasegawa ◽  
Kentaro Morita ◽  
Kazumasa Ohkuma ◽  
Tsutomu Ohnuki ◽  
Yasutaka Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Masu Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
Principal Method

Stocking with hatchery fish is the principal method for harvest augmentation and, recently, restoring endangered populations. However, there is increasing concern about the negative effects of competition between hatchery and wild fish. In this study, enclosure experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hatchery chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) on wild masu (Oncorhynchus masou) and chum salmon fry through density-dependent competition. For masu and chum salmon, density-dependent performance (foraging rate and growth) varied depending on the presence or absence of competitor species. The negative effects on the foraging rate (evaluated by stomach content mass) and growth of wild masu salmon caused by wild conspecifics were greater than those exerted by wild and hatchery chum salmon. Wild chum salmon decreased foraging rate with increasing density of conspecifics and masu salmon and also in the presence of hatchery chum salmon. Although we could not evaluate growth under interspecific competition, wild chum salmon show body mass loss in the presence of hatchery chum salmon. These results suggest that the effects of stocking with hatchery chum salmon vary depending on the interacting species.

LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE OF CHUM SALMON FRY (ONCORHYNCHUS KETA) DURING OSMOREGULATORY ADAPTATION TO SEA WATER

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Hillier Houston
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Entire Experimental Period ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Initial Effect ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Slight Depression

Transfer into sea water produced an immediate and marked depression of the cruising speed of chum salmon fry. Despite considerable recovery from this initial effect the fish exhibited a continuing slight depression of cruising speed over the entire experimental period (80 hours). Variations in total body levels of chloride and water were significantly correlated with changes in cruising speed, suggesting that variations in activity might be related to the process of osmoregulatory adaptation to sea water. Possible mechanisms underlying this effect have been discussed.

Physiochemical and functional properties of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta ) skin gelatin extracted at different temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (15) ◽  
pp. 5406-5413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Lining Xia ◽  
Hui Jia ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Wengang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Different Temperatures

Decreased Seawater Adaptability of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Fry Following Prolonged Rearing in Freshwater

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munehico Iwata ◽  
Sanae Hasegawa ◽  
Tetsuya Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Osmoregulatory Ability

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry weighing about 1 g maintained plasma Na+ concentrations at 134–140 mmol/L during seaward migration in the Otsuchi River. The plasma Na+ level increased slightly in the estuary, and reached 150–160 mmol/L in the fry caught in the bay. On direct transfer from freshwater to seawater, the plasma Na+ concentrations of the fry weighing 0.4–2.3 g increased markedly after 1 h and reached a maximum after 3–12 h. The fry of < 1.4 g attained sea water-acclimated plasma Na+ level of 156 mmol/L within 24 h after transfer, whereas fry of 1.8–2.3 g failed to adapt to seawater within 24 h. When seawater adaptability of fry of different lots was examined simultaneously in late April, 83–109 d after hatch, the smaller fry adjusted their plasma Na+ levels more easily than the larger fry: the smallest fry attained seawater level after 12 h without showing any peak. Changes in seawater adaptability of the same lots of fry were also followed until 5 mo after hatching, and the osmoregulatory ability of the fry in seawater decreased gradually with an increase in body weight or in the time spent in freshwater.Key words: chum salmon fry, seaward migration, plasma Na+ concentration, seawater adaptability, Oncorhynchus keta

Osmoregulatory ability of chum salmon,Oncorhynchus keta, reared in fresh water for prolonged periods

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hasegawa ◽  
T. Hirano ◽  
T. Ogasawara ◽  
M. Iwata ◽  
T. Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Osmoregulatory Ability
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