scholarly journals Comparative Limnology of Lakes in the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench, British Columbia

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1875-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. H. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Restricted Geographical Area

Within a restricted geographical area of British Columbia, detailed examination in 1960 and 1961 of nine lakes having similar morphometric and climatic characteristics but exhibiting a wide range in dissolved nutrients (50 to 1463 ppm) suggested that, standing crops of plankton were related to oxygen deficits and perimeter-to-area ratios of the lakes. Total dissolved solid contents of the lakes were not closely correlated to standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, or fish. Ranking by selected physical or chemical indices of productivity failed to agree with ranking based on standing crops or various biological measurements of productivity. Water level fluctuation, perimeter-to-area ratios, lake basin shape, and the size and nature of the drainage area are discussed as some of the possible factors which interact to modify the expression of the primary factors in productivity.

Seasonal Changes in the Limnology of Some Meromictic Lakes in Southern British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1763-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
T. G. Halsey
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Seasonal changes in physical, chemical, and biological features are described in four small lakes which show different types and degrees of meromixis. There is a wide range in total dissolved solid content between lakes as well as within lakes (surface to near-bottom): Yellow, 282 (surface) to 337 (bottom); White, 6229–7918; Mahoney, 10,003–86,906; Lyons, 12,116–222,195 mg/liter, but no marked seasonal changes. In Yellow Lake meromixis is probably maintained by morphometric features of the lake basin rather than a strong chemocline; in the other lakes complete mixing is inhibited by chemical density gradients, those in Mahoney and Lyons being especially sharp.Summer, autumn, winter (under ice), and spring vertical profiles are presented for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, specific conductivity; differences within and between lakes are discussed. Other physical–chemical characteristics are given in less detail.Purple sulphur bacteria occur in three of the lakes (White, Mahoney, Lyons) and in the latter two form discrete "plates" detectable by high frequency echo sounding (confirmed by sampling). Seasonal changes in depth of the bacterial plates are considered in relation to some physical and chemical parameters. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos communities are discussed in relation to the degree of meromixis shown by the lakes.

Indices of Productivity in British Columbia Lakes

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
General Level ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Hyperbolic Curve ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The relation between physical and chemical indices of production and standard crops of plankton, bottom fauna and fish was examined in 100 British Columbia lakes. A significant increase in plankton and fish quantities with increase in total dissolved solid content of lake waters was demonstrated and a similar relationship suggested for bottom fauna. Although the general form of the relationship between mean depth and plankton, and between bottom fauna and fish quantity, suggested a hyperbolic curve with larger quantities in lakes of low mean depth, the only generalization which seemed justified was that quantities of fauna from lakes of great mean depth were never as high as those found in some lakes of low mean depth. No significant relation was found between intensity and length of growing season and quantities of plankton, bottom fauna or fish, although a significant relationship was demonstrated between summer epilimnion temperature and plankton.In a multiple regression analysis using all lakes the predominance of total dissolved solids over mean depth in affecting summed indices of lake fauna was shown. However for lakes in the southern interior plateau, one of the 9 regions distinguished in British Columbia, no significant relation could be demonstrated between mean depth or total dissolved solids and summed indices of fauna or plankton alone. Thus total dissolved solid content of the water appeared to be the most important factor in determining the general level of productivity in lakes studied throughout the province, although within a region neither total dissolved solids nor mean depth could be used either singly or together to predict plankton, bottom fauna or fish quantities.

Experiments on Oral Secretion of the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Oral Secretion ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

Tick paralysis continues to be one of the most baffling and fascinating tickborne diseases in Canada. It was first reported in this country by Todd in 1912. Since then about 250 human cases, including 28 deaths, have been recorded from British Columbia. Outbreaks in cattle have affected up to 400 animals at a time, with losses in a herd as high as 65 head. Although the disease is most common in the Pacific northwest, where it is caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, it has lately been reported as far south as Florida and has been produced by Dermacentor variabilis Say, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and A. americanum (L.) (Gregson, 1953). The symptoms include a gradual ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis. Apparently only man, sheep, cattle, dogs, and buffalo (one known instance) are susceptible, but even these may not necessarily be paralysed.

scholarly journals Adherence to Ketogenic and Mediterranean Study Diets in a Crossover Trial: The Keto–Med Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Landry ◽  
Anthony Crimarco ◽  
Dalia Perelman ◽  
Lindsay R. Durand ◽  
Christina Petlura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diet Pattern

Adherence is a critical factor to consider when interpreting study results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing one diet to another, but it is frequently not reported by researchers. The purpose of this secondary analysis of the Keto–Med randomized trial was to provide a detailed examination and comparison of the adherence to the two study diets (Well Formulated Ketogenic Diet (WFKD) and Mediterranean Plus (Med-Plus)) under the two conditions: all food being provided (delivered) and all food being obtained by individual participants (self-provided). Diet was assessed at six time points including baseline (x1), week 4 of each phase when participants were receiving food deliveries (x2), week 12 of each phase when participants were preparing and providing food on their own (x2), and 12 weeks after participants completed both diet phases and were free to choose their own diet pattern (x1). The adherence scores for WFKD and Med-Plus were developed specifically for this study. Average adherence to the two diet patterns was very similar during both on-study time points of the intervention. Throughout the study, a wide range of adherence was observed among participants—for both diet types and during both the delivery phase and self-provided phase. Insight from this assessment of adherence may aid other researchers when answering the important question of how to improve behavioral adherence during dietary trials. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT03810378.

The EU as an “enforcement patchwork”: the impact of national enforcement for compliance with EU water law in Spain and Britain

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractFailures of compliance with European Union (EU) directives have revealed the EU as a political system capable of enacting laws in a wide range of different policy areas, but facing difficulties to ensure their actual implementation. Although the EU relies on national enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with the EU legislation, there is scarce analysis of the differential deterrent effect of national enforcement in EU law compliance. This article examines the enforcement of an EU water directive, the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in Spain and the UK. It focuses on the existing national sanctions for disciplining actors in charge of complying with EU requirements, and on the actual use of punitive sanctions. The analysis shows that a more comprehensive and active disciplinary regime at the national level contributes to explain a higher degree of compliance with EU law. The article calls for a detailed examination of the national administrative and criminal sanction system for a more comprehensive understanding of the incentives and disincentives to comply with EU law at the national state level.

scholarly journals Application of Digital Cellular Radio for Mobile Location Estimation

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Cellular Radio ◽  
Mobile Location ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Cellular

The capability to locate the position of mobiles is a prerequisite to implement a wide range of evolving ITS services. Radiolocation has the potential to serve a wide geographical area. This paper reports an investigation regarding the feasibility of utilizing cellular radio for the purpose of mobile location estimation. Basic strategies to be utilized for location estimation are elaborated. Two possible approaches for cellular based location estimation are investigated with the help of computer simulation. Their effectiveness and relative merits and demerits are identified. An algorithm specifically adapted for cellular environment is reported with specific features where mobiles, irrespective of their numbers, can locate their position without adversely loading the cellular system.Key Words: ITS, GSM, Cellular Radio, DRGS, GPS.

scholarly journals Prostorna diferencijacija vrgoračkog područja na temelju krških prirodno-geografskih i društveno-geografskih obilježja

Geoadria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Branimir Vukosav
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Increasing Process

The area of Vrgorac is defined by a contrast between the high mountainous zones in the southwest and the low karst poljes in the southeastern part of the municipality. It is a relatively small area which includes a wide range of different natural-geographic and socio-geographic elements usually featured in karst zones with limestone basis. Considering the above mentioned features, the area of Vrgorac can be divided into several spatial zones. Specific natural geographic conditions have resulted in landscapes of distinctive Dinaric socio-geographical area which are still typical in some zones of Vrgorac, representing the dominant feature in the area in spite of the ever-increasing process of modernization and globalization with their impact on human activities and the environment. 

scholarly journals Survey on Approaches to Detect Sinkhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Network Attacks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Message Digest ◽  
Central Station

Due to the wide range of applications in public and military domains, wireless sensor network (WSN) is evolving as a popular technology. This WSN consists of a large number of sensors that are spread across a geographical area thatare self-configuring in nature. These nodes are of low cost and resource-constrained nodes. Because these reasons the network becomes vulnerable to many network attacks. There are many types of attacks among which one of the serious attacks is the sinkhole attack, which is one of the destructive routing attacks. It causes the adversary node to attract all or most of the traffic from the neighbors by broadcasting false routing updates of having the shortest path to the central station. This paper is a survey on various methods implemented to overcome sinkhole attacks like Hop Count Monitoring scheme, Key Management Approach, Message-Digest Algorithm.

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