Relations between heavy metals in aquatic sediments and in Chironomus larvae of Belgian lowland rivers and their morphological deformities

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Janssens de Bisthoven ◽  
Jaap F Postma ◽  
Peter Parren ◽  
Klaas R Timmermans ◽  
Frans Ollevier
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Lowland Rivers ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphological Deformities ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Levels of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were measured in fourth-instar Chironomus gr. thummi and in three sediment fractions of Belgian lowland rivers, extracted with 1 M NH4-acetate, 1 M HCl, and 70% HNO3 - 30% H2O2. The percentages of deformed larvae and the mean population severities (MPS) of deformity for the head structures were compared by means of Pearson and linear and polynomial regressions against the metal concentrations in the different compartments. All correlations found were positive. Mentum deformities correlated with all lead fractions (MPS) and the larval copper fraction (percent deformed), while the pecten epipharyngis deformities correlated with the sediment lead fractions and the HCl fraction of copper. Premandible deformities correlated with the copper sediment HNO3-H2O2 fraction and with extreme values of cadmium and zinc. The study demonstrated a variety of deformity response curves to trace metals. At one site, higher lead concentrations were found in larvae with a deformed mentum, compared with normal larvae. Mentum deformities appeared to be potential predictors of lead levels in the sediments and the larvae, while pecten epipharyngis deformities may be an indicator of lead and copper in the sediments.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi River

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shanbehzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Toba Kiyanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Standard Range

This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Tembi River, Iran. Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the average concentration of the metals in water and sediment on downstream was more than that of upstream. The comparison of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Tembi River with drinking water standards and those in the water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard range for drinking water and the mean concentration of Mn, Zn, and Pb lies within the standard range of agricultural water. The highest average concentration on downstream for Pb in water and for Mn in sediment was 1.95 and 820.5 ppm, respectively. Also, the lowest average concentration on upstream was identified for Cd in water and sediment 0.07 and 10 ppm, respectively. With regard to the results, it gets clear that using the water for recreational purposes, washing, and fishing is detrimental to human health and the environment.

Interlaboratory Comparison of Analyses for Heavy Metals in Clam Tissue

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-868
Author(s):  
Marilyn R Hendzel ◽  
Bruce W Fallis ◽  
Brigitte G E Demarch
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Oyster Tissue ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Clam Tissue ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract Results are reported for an interlaboratory study conducted to assess the reproducibility of analyses for lead, copper, cadmium, and zinc. The 10 participating laboratories analyzed 2 samples of freeze-dried clam tissue and 1 disguised sample of NBS Oyster Tissue. Interlaboratory variations were observed for all metals, although the methods yielded reproducible data for Cu and Zn with average interlaboratory coefficients of variation of 15 and 11%, respectively. The performance of methods used for Cd and, more so, for Pb was less than satisfactory. Cadmium levels in the 3 samples ranged from about 0.7 to 3.7 ppm with an average interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) of 24%. Lead levels in the 3 samples were about 0.5 ppm with an interlaboratory CVof 68%. Some laboratories' results were consistently high or low but data were insufficient to relate these trends to one particular variable. Results from this study were compared with 5 other studies reported in the literature since 1980. Coefficients of variation from all studies were comparable for samples with similar metal concentrations

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination of Pleuronectiformes species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Bat ◽  
Fatih Şahin ◽  
Ayşah Öztekn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn

In the Turkish Black Sea coasts fish is particularly consumed because of high protein supplies, essential amino acids, vitamin, and mineral content. Fish are exposed to contaminants such as heavy metals in polluted waters. The aims of the study are to determine heavy metals in Pleuronectiformes species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea and determine the health risks due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Pleuronectiformes species Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to Scophthalmidae family, Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) belonging to Bothidae family and Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810) belonging to Soleidae family were collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in fishing season of 2016. Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in edible tissues were determined by ICP-MS (Agilent 7700x). The limit values given by the international and national organizations did not exceed in the muscle tissues of turbot, Mediterranean scald fish and sand sole. Overall Zn was detected in higher concentrations in all species followed by Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd. The results obtained from the analyses of the maximum levels of the metals except Hg were found in turbot. The highest Hg (0.021±0.007 µg g-1 wet wt.) was found in sand sole. However, the high amounts of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in turbot were 0.011±0.004, 0.07±0.005,1.32±0.28 and 14±3 µg g-1 wet wt., respectively. The EDIs and EWIs of the metals were estimated taking into account the mean of metal in all fish samples and the mean consumption of fish per day/week for adults. These results are normally significantly lower than the recommended values of FAO/WHO. Estimated HIs of all the considered metals were below the value of 1, therefore the metals in fish samples do not toxic any apparent threat to the population and these fishes are healthy for consumption.Keywords: Scophthalmus maximus, Arnoglossus laterna, Pegusa lascaris, heavy metals, Black Sea

scholarly journals Impact of Kishnica and Badovci Flotation Tailing Dams on Levels of Heavy Metals in Water of Graçanica River (Kosovo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatbardh Gashi ◽  
Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski ◽  
Halka Bilinski ◽  
Agron Shala ◽  
Anilë Gashi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Flotation Tailing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Tailing Dams ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn

The main objective of this study was to perform assessment of water quality of Graçanica River (Kosovo), impacted by Kishnica and Badovci flotation tailing dams, using ICP-OES method. The obtained results show that the mean values of all heavy metals in studied river water samples were significantly high, with following maximal concentrations: As (0.033 mgL−1), Cd (0.002 mgL−1), Cr (0.225 mgL−1), Cu (0.015 mgL−1), Hg (0.004 mgL−1), Mn (15.66 mgL−1), Ni (0.255 mgL−1), Pb (0.013 mgL−1), and Zn (0.612 mgL−1), but only two samples from locations influenced by Kishnica and Badovci flotation tailing dams showed statistically anomalous values of Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+. According to assessment based on Croatian standards, locations near both flotation tailing dams are significantly polluted with majority of studied metals, while downstream sampling stations are almost unpolluted or slightly polluted. Mercury is found to be the most significant contaminant. According to WHO recommended values for drinking water, on all locations values were within the limits for Al, Cd, Cu, and Zn, while for As, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb values exceed recommended values on some sampling stations. Further monitoring of water and possibly sediments of Graçanica River is advised, as well as performing of remediation of Kishnica and Badovci mine tailing dams.

scholarly journals The effects of heavy metals on the incidence of morphological deformities in Chironomidae (Diptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanesssa Deliberalli ◽  
Rogerio L. Cansian ◽  
Albanin A. Mielniczki Pereira ◽  
Rafael Chaves Loureiro ◽  
Luiz Ubiratan Hepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Morphological Deformities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cu And Zn

Streams in urban areas are strongly impacted by the input of organic matter and metals, for instance copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). These metals are essential for the aquatic biota, but when absorbed in excess they are toxic. In Chironomidae larvae, the deleterious effects of heavy metals can be ascertained by analyzing the morphological deformities of the larval mentum, a structure of the oral cavity. In this study, we evaluated I) the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in urban stream sediments and II) the relationship between Cu and Zn concentrations and the incidence of deformities in the mentum of Chironomus larvae. Chironomid flies were collected from four locations in two streams at an urban area in southern Brazil. They were identified and the incidence of deformities in the mentum was quantified. Sediment samples were collected at the same locations where larvae were collected, to quantify the bioavailable fractions of Cu and Zn. The concentrations of Cu in the sediment were similar between the collection sites. However, Zn concentrations varied among sites, being greater in the stretch directly influenced by the input of the organic waste. In total, 2,895 Chironomid larvae were collected. The incidence of deformities in the mentum was above 30% and was correlated with the concentrations of Cu (r = 0.68) and Zn (r = 0.87). This correlation indicates that the municipal waste that is thrown into the city’s streams has influenced the occurrence of deformities.

OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacob Koed ◽  
Christian Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.

Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENTS AND MARINE FISHES FROM BULGARIAN BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya Peycheva ◽  
Katya Peycheva ◽  
Mona Stancheva ◽  
Mona Stancheva ◽  
Stanislava Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sprattus Sprattus ◽  
Cu And Zn

In this study, the ecosystem marine water-sediment-biota was investigated and the pollution was assessed. The concentrations of eight elements were determined in marine water, sediments and four fish species collected from Black Sea (Varna), Bulgaria during 2013. Marine water recorded the highest concentrations of Zn (15-22 μg/L), As (1.1–1.2 μg/L) and Pb (0.7-0.8 μg/L) while Zn (31-52 μg/g), Pb (21-29 μg/g) and Cu (20-34 μg/g) and show the highest concentrations in sediments. Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. In the analysed fish species, the highest concentration of the metals Cu and Zn were found in Trachurus Mediterrneus (0.42 mg/kg w.w) and in Sprattus Sprattus (12.7 mg/kg w.w), respectively while the heavy metals As and Hg were found with maximum values in Pseta Maxima (3.99 mg/kg w.w and 0.08 mg/kg w.w respectively). The results from this study were compared with our data for a previous period (2004-2006) and they show decrease in the levels of heavy metal.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

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