THE SENSITIVITY OF VARIOUS GERM-CELL STAGES OF THE MALE MOUSE TO RADIATION INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Léonard ◽  
Gh. Deknudt
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Control Series ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metaphase Stage ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Mature Spermatozoa

Adult male BALB/c mice were given whole body X-irradiation with 300 R. Directly after X-irradiation each male was mated to one virgin female of the same strain and received one fresh female per week during 9 weeks. The male F1 offspring was killed when mature and the testes removed and analysed for the presence of chromosome rearrangements at diakinesis — first metaphase stage of meiosis. Whereas no aberration was recorded among the 171 F1 ♀♀ from the control series, chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 41 F1 ♀♀ from the irradiated series. The incidence of males with aberrations was respectively 5.1% the first week, 10.4% the second week, 21.7% the third week, 2.2% the fourth week and 6.3% the fifth. No aberration was observed in the 129 F1 males sired between the sixth and ninth weeks. It may be concluded that irradiated spermatids yield approximately four times as many cases of aberration in viable F1 ♀♀ as do irradiated mature spermatozoa and about ten times as many as the most mature spermatocytes whereas no aberrations were recovered from irradiation of the spermatogonia. The most common aberrations found in the F1 males of the irradiated series were the reciprocal translocations.

Effect of Two Graded Doses of Whole-Body X-Irradiation and Radioprotection by the Use of S-Phenethyl Formamidino 4 (N-Ethyl Isothioamide) Morpholine Dihydrochloride

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Chaturvedi ◽  
S. N. Pandeya ◽  
S. S. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

The protection offered by a newly synthesized compound (S-phenethyl-formamidino-4(N-ethyl isothioamide) morpholine dihydrochloride) against radiation effects on DNA, RNA and protein biosynthetic processes in the brain, and on metabolites of 5-HT and nor-adrenalin, i.e., 5-HIAA and VMA, in the urine, including the radiobiological damage to thyroid and testes, was evaluated. The use of the compound prior to irradiation prevented radiation-induced changes in the thyroid and testes. The radiation-induced alterations in the pattern of DNA, RNA, protein in the brain, and in 5-HIAA and VMA in urine could be averted by treatment with this compound prior to each dose of X-irradiation.

Effect of repeated whole-body x-irradiation on peripheral white blood cell count of rabbits

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-570
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Gerstner ◽  
Harry A. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

Six groups of rabbits received whole-body x-irradiation of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 r, respectively. Counts of total white blood cells were performed regularly until 11 weeks post exposure when radiation-induced leucopenia had disappeared in all groups. At that time, the animals were re-exposed to the same doses and white cells were once more counted throughout 11 weeks. Then followed a third application of the same doses with subsequent observation of white counts. Statistical analysis of data yielded the following results: in the three exposures, radiation-induced leucopenia showed no significant difference with respect to rate of development, maximal degree and rate of disappearance. Therefore, as judged by the white blood cell count, susceptibility to ionizing radiation appeared unaltered by previous exposure to appreciable doses when the interval between exposures was sufficiently long to permit complete hematopoietic recovery.

scholarly journals IKKβ Inhibitor IMD-0354 Attenuates Radiation Damage in Whole-body X-Irradiated Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Waga ◽  
Masaru Yamaguchi ◽  
Shuta Miura ◽  
Teruki Nishida ◽  
Akiko Itai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Complex Signaling

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor plays a critical role in regulating radiation-induced inflammatory and immune responses. Intracellular reactive oxygen species generation induces the activation of NF-κB via the inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex signaling. Previous studies have reported that the inhibition of IKK-driven NF-κB activation offers a therapeutic strategy for managing inflammatory disorders and various cancers, but it has additionally been reported that treatment targeting NF-κB also shows a radioprotective effect. IMD-0354 is an IKKβ inhibitor that blocks IκBα phosphorylation in the NF-κB pathway. This compound is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects, but its radioprotective effects are unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether or not IMD-0354 has a mitigative effect on radiation-induced damages in mice. IMD-0354 was dissolved in soybean oil and subcutaneously administered to C57BL/6J Jcl mice for 3 consecutive days after 7 Gy of whole-body X-irradiation. The survival rate on day 30 and the NF-κB p65 and IκBα in bone marrow and spleen cells based on flow cytometry were assessed. IMD-0354 administration significantly suppressed the lethality induced by whole-body X-irradiation, and the survival rate increased by 83%. The NF-κB p65 and IκBα in bone marrow and spleen cells were significantly lower in IMD-0354-treated mice than in irradiated mice, suggesting that the IKKβ inhibitor IMD-0354 exerts a radiomitigative effect by suppressing the NF-κB.

scholarly journals IN VIVO RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF WHEATGRASS (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) EXTRACT AGAINST X-IRRADAITION-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND APOPTOSIS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Chandresh Shyam ◽  
Devinder K Dhawan ◽  
Vijayta D Chadha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peripheral Lymphocytes ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

 Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective potential of wheatgrass extract against radiation-induced toxicity in peripheral lymphocytes of rats exposed to a fractionated dose of X-rays.Methods: Effects of the X-irradiation with and without wheatgrass were studied on various parameters in peripheral lymphocytes including antioxidant defense system and apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four different groups: Normal control group, X-ray-irradiated group (21 Gy over a span of 7 days), wheatgrass-treated group (80 mg/100 g bodyweight for 2 weeks), and X-rays-irradiated + wheatgrass-treated group. All the biochemical indices which included lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated in lymphocytes. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay was carried out to assess the apoptosis in lymphocytes following whole-body X-irradiation.Results: Whole-body X-irradiation to rats resulted in significant increase in LPO with concomitant depression of antioxidant enzymes activities, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidise (GPx) in lymphocytes. Further, the present study witnessed a significant increase in the number of apoptotic lymphocytes in the X-irradiated animals. However, wheatgrass supplementation lowered the LPO levels, restored cellular antioxidant status, and provided significant protection against radiation-induced apoptosis.Conclusions: Based on these observations, the present study suggests that wheatgrass extract has the potential to be used as an effective radioprotectant against radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes of whole-body X-ray-exposed rats.

Screening of a large panel of gastrointestinal peptide plasma levels is not adapted for the evaluation of digestive damage following irradiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Dublineau ◽  
N Dudoignon ◽  
P Monti ◽  
O Combes ◽  
J Wysocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Tract Damage

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of gastrointestinal peptide plasma levels as biomarkers of radiation-induced digestive tract damage. To this end, plasma levels of substance P, GRP, motilin, PYY, somatostatin-28, gastrin, and neurotensin were followed for up to 5 days in pigs after a 16-Gy whole-body X-irradiation, completed by a histopathological study performed at 5 days. Each peptide gave a specific response to irradiation. The plasma levels of GRP and substance P were not modified by irradiation exposure; neither were those of motilin and PYY. Concerning gastrin, a 2–3-fold increase of plasma concentration was observed in pig, which presented the most important histological alterations of the stomach. The plasma levels of somatostatin, unchanged from 1 to 4 days after irradiation, was also increased by 130% at 5 days. In contrast, a diminution of neurotensin plasma levels was noted, firstly at 1 day (–88%), and from 3 days after exposure (–50%). The present study suggested that changes in gastrin and neuro tensin plasma levels were associated with structural alterations of the stomach and ileum, respectively, indicating that they may be relevant biological indicators of radiation-induced digestive damage to these segments.Key words: gastrin, neurotensin, somatostatin, PYY, substance P, irradiation.

Mitigation of Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal System Injury using Resveratrol or Alpha-lipoic Acid: A Pilot Histopathological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424
Author(s):  
Bagher Farhood ◽  
Gholamreza Hassanzadeh ◽  
Peyman Amini ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
Ahmed Eleojo Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Radiation Induced

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine possible mitigation of radiationinduced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon using post-exposure treatment with resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid. Background: After the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system toxicity is the second critical cause of death following whole-body exposure to radiation. Its side effects reduce the quality of life of patients who have undergone radiotherapy. Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect and stimulates DNA damage responses (DDRs). Alpha-lipoic acid neutralizes free radicals via the recycling of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. Objective: This study is a pilot investigation of the mitigation of enteritis using resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid following histopathological study. Methods: 60 male mice were randomly assigned to six groups; control, resveratrol treatment, alpha-lipoic acid treatment, whole-body irradiation, irradiation plus resveratrol, and irradiation plus alpha-lipoic acid. The mice were irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy from a cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. Treatment with resveratrol or alpha-lipoic acid started 24 h after irradiation and continued for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 30 days for histopathological evaluation of radiation-induced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon. Results and Conclusion: Exposure to radiation caused mild to severe damages to vessels, goblet cells and villous. It also led to significant infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes, especially in the colon. Both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid were able to mitigate morphological changes. However, they could not mitigate vascular injury. Conclusion: Resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid could mitigate radiation-induced injuries in the small and large intestine. A comparison between these agents showed that resveratrol may be a more effective mitigator compared to alpha-lipoic acid.

scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Metabolic Shifts in the Hepatic Parenchyma: Findings from 18F-FDG PET Imaging and Tissue NMR Metabolomics in a Mouse Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsiu Chung ◽  
Cheng-Kun Tsai ◽  
Ching-Fang Yu ◽  
Wan-Ling Wang ◽  
Chung-Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: By taking advantage of 18F-FDG PET imaging and tissue nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, we examined the dynamic metabolic alterations induced by liver irradiation in a mouse model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: After orthotopic implantation with the mouse liver cancer BNL cells in the right hepatic lobe, animals were divided into two experimental groups. The first received irradiation (RT) at 15 Gy, while the second (no-RT) did not. Intergroup comparisons over time were performed, in terms of 18F-FDG PET findings, NMR metabolomics results, and the expression of genes involved in inflammation and glucose metabolism. Results: As of day one post-irradiation, mice in the RT group showed an increased 18F-FDG uptake in the right liver parenchyma compared with the no-RT group. However, the difference reached statistical significance only on the third post-irradiation day. NMR metabolomics revealed that glucose concentrations peaked on day one post-irradiation both, in the right and left lobes—the latter reflecting a bystander effect. Increased pyruvate and glutamate levels were also evident in the right liver on the third post-irradiation day. The expression levels of the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) genes were down-regulated on the first and third post-irradiation days, respectively. Therefore, liver irradiation was associated with a metabolic shift from an impaired gluconeogenesis to an enhanced glycolysis from the first to the third post-irradiation day. Conclusion: Radiation-induced metabolic alterations in the liver parenchyma occur as early as the first post-irradiation day and show dynamic changes over time.

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