Correlations, epistasis, and heterosis of plant height and internode length in barley

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Vazquez ◽  
E. Sanchez-Monge
Keyword(s):  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nonallelic Interactions ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Made In

The correlation between total height and its components, and between these and yield components, and the presence of nonallelic interactions and heterosis were studied in barley by means of a 6 × 6 diallel cross. The estimation of interaction and heterosis parameters were made in P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, and B2 generations according to the Jinks and Jones model. Total height had a positive correlation with each internode length. The values of such correlations seemed to indicate that peduncle length could be a good index of total height. The plants with short basal internodes had less total height and longer intermediate internodes. The positive correlation of total height with yield and its components suggests that the selection for short culm and short basal internodes would be to the detriment of yield. The predominant interaction was of the duplicate type, the total height being the character with greater epistasis. In the crosses with heterosis, this was always positive. 'Albacete' × M-168 and A.1.-2 × M-168 were the crosses where the selection for short culm and lodging resistance would be most effective. Key words: diallel cross, correlations, epistasis, heterosis, barley.

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Gene for Internode Length in Rice to Enhance Resistance to Lodging Using QTL Analysis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Zhao ◽  
Ju-Hyeong Son ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Uppermost Internode

Internode length and stem diameter are the primary traits affecting the lodging resistance of rice. Traits related to the length of the panicle (LP), uppermost internode (LUI), second internode (LSI), third internode (LTI), fourth internode (LFI), lowest internode (LLI) as well as stem diameter at the uppermost internode (SDUI), second internode (SDSI), third internode (SDTI), fourth internode (SDFI), and lowest internode (SDLI) in 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid population were investigated using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Thirty-four QTL regions affected LP and the length of each internode. Twenty-six QTL regions were associated with the stem diameter of each internode. RM12285-RM212 on chromosome 1 contained 10 QTLs related to the internode length, which have overlapped for over 2 years. Twenty-three candidate genes were screened using mark interval. Among the candidate genes, Os01g0803900, named OsCYPq1, which is in the Cytochrome P450 family, might be involved in gibberellins (GA) synthesis. GA is an essential plant growth regulator that affects plant height. OsCYPq1 catalyzes oxidation steps in the middle part of the GA pathway. OsCYPq1 is expected to provide valuable information to improve the marker assessment for target traits and QTL gene cloning in rice.

Selection for resistance to Colletotrichum trifolii in the lucerne cultivars Hunter River and Siro Peruvian

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAG Irwin ◽  
DL Lloyd ◽  
RA Bray ◽  
PW Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
River Population ◽  
Colletotrichum Trifolii ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Glasshouse Screening ◽  
Made In

Seedlings of lucerne (Medicago sativa) with increased resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, were obtained from cvv. Hunter River and Siro Peruvian by selection through two generations under laboratory conditions. Glasshouse screening of half sib F1 and F2 families confirmed that rapid progress was made in increasing the level of resistance in both populations. In the field, after two years, F1 derivatives had lower percentages of plant mortality and disease indices than their parent cultivars, and F2 derivatives had lower values than their F1 parents. The F2 population of Siro Peruvian, in the second year, yielded 55% and 45% more dry matter than the unselected populations of Siro Peruvian and Hunter River respectively. However, the level of resistance in the field of the Siro Peruvian F2 population was only the equivalent of the unselected Hunter River population, and was inferior to the F1 and F2 populations of Hunter River.

scholarly journals Heritability of Cylindrocladium Black Rot Resistance in Peanut1

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Hadley ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract In order to estimate heritability of resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae, in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), the F1 F2 and parental generations from a four-parent diallel cross were rated for resistance under optimum greenhouse conditions. General combining ability was significant for both generations suggesting that resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot in these lines was primarily due to additive genetic effects. The four parents produced progeny having different levels of resistance. NC3033, Argentine and NC2 produced progeny from which resistant selections could be made, while Florigiant produced susceptible progenies in all crosses. Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.48 to 0.65 depending on the method of calculation. Based on these estimates, early generation selection for CBR-resistance in the greenhouse should be effective.

scholarly journals Typical Errors in the Writing of the Students Participating in Mawapres Selection in ITS Surabaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Hermanto Hermanto
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
The Common ◽  
Error Classification ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Speaking Performance ◽  
National Selection ◽  
Writing Errors ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

One of the elements in the selection of the “ITS Heroes 2015” to be the candidates for National Selection for Student Competition (Mawapres) is the ability of the participants to communicate in English in the form of writing and speaking performance. In the writing performance, the participants must submit an English abstract of their papers, and in the speaking performance, the participants are required to tell themselves in English. From these two evaluation items, the abstract is more interesting to analyze in terms of the writing errors the participants made in it. This paper presents the analysis of the common writing errors made by the participants of “ITS Heroes 2015”. The errors are categorized and analyzed based on the checklist items by adopting Kim (2009)’s error classification system, which is based on Dulay, Burt, and Krashen’s classification system.

scholarly journals Large scale genome-wide association study reveals that drought induced lodging in grain sorghum is associated with plant height and traits linked to carbon remobilisation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemin Wang ◽  
Emma Mace ◽  
Yongfu Tao ◽  
Alan Cruickshank ◽  
Colleen Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Selection For

AbstractSorghum is generally grown in water limited conditions and often lodges under post-anthesis drought, which reduces yield and quality. Due to its complexity, our understanding on the genetic control of lodging is very limited. We dissected the genetic architecture of lodging in grain sorghum through genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 2308 unique hybrids grown in 17 Australian sorghum trials over 3 years. The GWAS detected 213 QTL, the majority of which showed a significant association with leaf senescence and plant height (72% and 71% respectively). Only 16 lodging QTL were not associated with either leaf senescence or plant height. The high incidence of multi-trait association for the lodging QTL indicates that lodging in grain sorghum is mainly associated with plant height and traits linked to carbohydrate remobilisation. This result supported the selection for stay-green (delayed leaf senescence) to reduce lodging susceptibility, rather than selection for short stature and lodging resistance per se, which likely reduces yield. Additionally, our data suggested a protective effect of stay-green on weakening the association between lodging susceptibility and plant height. Our study also showed that lodging resistance might be improved by selection for stem composition but was unlikely to be improved by selection for classical resistance to stalk rots.Key messageWe detected 213 lodging QTL and demonstrated that drought induced stem lodging in grain sorghum is substantially associated with stay-green and plant height, suggesting a critical role of carbon remobilisation.

scholarly journals Biometric characterization of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg. in an araucaria forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Homczinski ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho ◽  
Fabiane Aparecida de Sousa Retslaff ◽  
Andrea Nogueira Dias ◽  
Ana Paula Micali Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Selection For

The present research aimed to analyze biometric characteristics of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and its fruits and its fruit yield. This study was developed in araucaria forest at Irati National Forest, Paraná state. To perform this analysis, 31 individuals were selected and the total height and commercial height, diameter breast height (DBH), crown diameter, crown length, crown proportion, crown formal, salience index, range index and slenderness rate were measured. From the fruits, variables as length, width, weight and number of seeds per fruit were measured. The fruit yield was estimated by means of the fruit number per branch and the average fruit weight per tree. The species presented total height, DBH and crown diameter of 14.2 m, 32.09 cm and 9.5 m, respectively. The crown diameter is 30 times greater than DBH, and 49.71% from total height is occupied by its crown. The fruits presented 22.01 mm, 19.74 mm, 6.64 g and eight units for width, length, weight and seeds/fruit, respectively. The yield was 1.273 fruits, with 8.64 kg.tree-1. The species presents slow growth, with slender crown and resistance to weathering. Its fruits had great potential for selection for commercialization.

scholarly journals Possibilities of developing sheep which suckle from several teats

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-619
Author(s):  
K. Maijala ◽  
B. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Systematic Experiment ◽  
Teat Number ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Finnish Study ◽  
Made In ◽  
Daily Milk

Because of the increasing need for ewes which can rear more than two lambs adequately and without shepherding, studies were made in Finland (F), New Zealand (N. Z.) and Ireland on criteria relating the development of such ewes. The Finnish study was based on small trials in 1963—66 and in 1985—88 and on field data from the 1980’s. Data of Vainikainen (1945) was also used. In N.Z., a more systematic experiment has been carried out since 1984, while in Ireland a small study of teat parameters was made in 1985. The frequency of ewes with supernumerary teats (ST) in Finnsheep and Coopworth was ca. 20 %. The frequency of six-teated animals increased with selection for teat number. In Finland, about ½ of the 4-teated ewes had milk-yielding STs. Six-teated ewes in N.Z. gave 30—40 % of their daily milk from the STs. The N.Z. Coopworths seemed to have a »multiple lamb image»; multiple lambs tended to be closely bonded and sucked together, leading to higher success rates than when sucking individually. Heritability of teat number in N.Z. was 0.6. The lengths of STs were more variable than those of main teats, and their mean length ca. half of that of main teats. The average distance of STs from the main teats in Finnish trials was ca. 20 mm (range 1—50mm); the length and separation of teat pairs were correlated, although this was not the case in several flocks studied in Ireland.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIETIES AND HYBRIDES OF SOUR CHERRIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Геннадий Осипов ◽  
Gennadiy Osipov ◽  
Наталья Петрова ◽  
Natalya Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Weak Positive Correlation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Republic

The productivity of sour cherry varieties and hybrids in the Republic of Tatarstan was assessed. There is a strong variability in productivity among sour cherry varieties and hybrids. A weak positive correlation was found between productivity and hydrothermal coefficient over the summer period. The share of influence on the variability of the genotype productivity, the conditions of the year and the interaction of the genotype with the conditions of the year is determined. The most productive varieties and sour cherry hybrids are distinguished. In the gardening of Tatarstan it is recommended to use varieties of cherry Zarya Tatarii, Sakharov's memory, abundant and elite forms Amorel Tenkovskaya, Gilfanovskaya and Zonal; In the selection for productivity - varieties of Zarya Tatarii, Sakharov's Memory, Abundant and promising forms 21-20, Amorel Tenkovsky.

scholarly journals Eight cycles of recurrent selection for resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcio de Oliveira Arantes ◽  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Population Cycle ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Selection For

The genetic progress (GP) was evaluated after eight cycles of recurrent selection for resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean and indirect gain for yield and grain type. The base population (Cycle-0) was obtained from the diallel cross of seven lines with carioca grain and ten resistance sources. To obtain Cycle I, the most resistant S0 plants of Cycle 0 were intercrossed. The same procedure was adopted in the subsequent cycles. GP for resistance to the pathogen was estimated by the overall average of the progenies of each cycle in comparison with control Carioca MG and for productivity in comparison to the controls Carioca MG and Pérola. Lines of the first six cycles were used for grain type. No GP was detected for resistance to angular leaf spot. However, the indirect yield gain was 2.3% and 2.5% in the selection for grain type, with values similar to those obtained by direct selection for these traits.

scholarly journals Expected response to early-generation selection for yield and tuber appearance traits in potatoes

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicenti Gonçalves Ney ◽  
Laerte Reis Terres ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Arione Da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Clonal Generation ◽  
Seedling Generation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
Eye Depth ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of potato clonal families, and to estimate genetic variance, heritability and the expected response to selection of tuber yield and appearance traits in early generations. Twelve potato families were obtained from crosses between two groups of randomly-selected genotypes, including Eliza, C1730-7-94, and C-1742-8-95 in group 1; and Shepody, Asterix, Caesar, and White Lady in group 2. The crosses were made in factorial design (3 genotypes x4 genotypes), and each family consisted of 75 genotypes. Experiments were conducted in the fall of 2010, with a seedling generation under greenhouse conditions, and in the fall of 2011, with a clonal generation under field condition. High heritability estimates suggest that mild to moderate selection can be applied in the seedling generation to eye depth, eyebrow prominence, tuber curvature, flattening and shape uniformity. The C1742-8-95/White Lady stood out as a superior cross, as did all other crosses with White Lady, regarding tuber appearance and yield traits.

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