Effects of Acute Ingestion of Sodium Citrate on Metabolism and 5-km Running Performance: A Field Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahur Ööpik ◽  
Ivi Saaremets ◽  
Saima Timpmann ◽  
Luule Medijainen ◽  
Kalle Karelson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Relative Change

The purpose of the study was to (a) assess the effects of sodium citrate ingestion on metabolism and performance capacity in a 5-km competitive outdoor stadium run in trained male runners, and (b) elucidate the potential relationship between citrate-induced changes in plasma volume, body mass, and performance. Ten subjects (age 22.1 ± 2.5 yrs, body mass 74.1 ± 6.1 kg, height 180.1 ± 5.7 cm, [Formula: see text] 60.8 ± 5.5 ml kg−1•min−1) participated in the study. There was no effect of treatment on 5-km running time: 1100.0 ± 79.1 and 1082.7 ± 62.0 s in citrate (CIT) and in placebo (PLC) trials, respectively, p = 0.09. Blood pH increased from 7.34 ± 0.07 to 7.49 ± 0.07 (p = 0.002) as a result of administering sodium citrate in the amount of 0.5 g•kg−1 body mass in 1.5 litres of solution but remained stable while the equal volume of placebo drink was consumed: 7.40 ± 0.04 and 7.44 ± 0.09. The relative change in plasma volume after administering the drink was -1.99 ± 3.49% in the PLC and 9.75 ± 6.51% in the CIT trial (p = 0.001). Body mass did not differ before drinking; however, before the start the subjects were heavier in the CIT trial (74.2 ± 6.1 kg) vs. the PLC trial (73.4 ± 6.2 kg, p = 0.048). The shifts in plasma volume and body mass were not related to changes in performance. The results suggest that ingestion of sodium citrate induces an increase in water retention, plasma volume, and blood pH before exercise but does not improve performance in a 5-km competitive run infield conditions in trained male runners. Key words: buffering solution, endurance performance, plasma volume, body mass

The Acute Effects of L-arginine on Hormonal and Metabolic Responses During Submaximal Exercise in Trained Cyclists

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Vicki Harber ◽  
Gordon J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Time Point

L-arginine may enhance endurance performance mediated by two primary mechanisms including enhanced secretion of endogenous growth hormone (GH) and as a precursor of nitric oxide (NO); however, research in trained participants has been equivocal. The purpose was to investigate the effect of acute L-arginine ingestion on the hormonal and metabolic response during submaximal exercise in trained cyclists. Fifteen aerobically trained men (age: 28 ± 5 y; body mass: 77.4 ± 9.5 kg; height: 180.9 ± 7.9 cm; VO2max: 59.6 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min−1) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Subjects consumed L-arginine (ARG; 0.075 g·kg-1 body mass) or a placebo (PLA) before performing an acute bout of submaximal exercise (60 min at 80% of power output achieved at ventilatory threshold). The ARG condition significantly increased plasma L-arginine concentrations (~146%), while no change was detected in the PLA condition. There were no differences between conditions for GH, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, glucose, VO2, VCO2, RER, CHO oxidation, and NOx. There was reduced fat oxidation at the start of exercise (ARG: 0.36 ± 0.25 vs. PLA: 0.42 ± 0.23 g·min−1, p < .05) and an elevated plasma glycerol concentrations at the 45-min time point (ARG: 340.3 vs. PLA: 288.5 μmol·L-1, p < .05) after L-arginine consumption. In conclusion, the acute ingestion of L-arginine did not alter any hormonal, metabolic, or cardio-respiratory responses during submaximal exercise except for a small but significant increase in glycerol at the 45-min time point and a reduction in fat oxidation at the start of exercise.

Dietary sodium citrate supplementation enhances rehydration and recovery from rapid body mass loss in trained wrestlers

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Timpmann ◽  
Andres Burk ◽  
Luule Medijainen ◽  
Maria Tamm ◽  
Kairi Kreegipuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
And Performance

This study assessed the effects of dietary sodium citrate supplementation during a 16 h recovery from 5% rapid body mass loss (RBML) on physiological functions, affective state, and performance in trained wrestlers. Sixteen wrestlers performed an upper body intermittent sprint performance (UBISP) test under three conditions: before RBML, after RBML, and after a 16 h recovery from RBML. During recovery, the subjects ate a prescribed diet supplemented with sodium citrate (600 mg·kg–1; CIT group, N = 8) or placebo (PLC group, N = 8) and drank water ad libitum. RBML reduced (p < 0.05) UBISP mean power and increased urine specific gravity (USG). Reduction in mean power was associated with changes in plasma volume (PV) (r = 0.649, p = 0.006) and USG (r = –0.553, p = 0.026). During the 16 h recovery, increases in body mass (BM) and PV were greater (p < 0.05) in the CIT group than in the PLC group. BM gain was associated with water retention in the CIT group (r = 0.899, p = 0.002) but not in the PLC group (r = 0.335, p = 0.417). Blood pH, HCO3–concentration, and base excess increased (p < 0.05) only in the CIT group. Changes in UBISP, general negative affect, and general positive affect did not differ in the two groups. In conclusion, ingestion of sodium citrate increases blood buffering capacity and PV and stimulates BM regain during a 16 h recovery from RBML in trained wrestlers. However, sodium citrate does not improve UBISP nor does it have an impact on the affective state.

Scale Model on Performance Prediction in Recreational and Elite Endurance Runners

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus P. Tartaruga ◽  
Carlos B. Mota ◽  
Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:To identify the effect of allometric scaling on the relationship between running efficiency (REff) and middle-distancerunning performance according to performance level.Methods:Thirteen male recreational middle-distance runners (mean ± SD age 33.3 ± 8.4 y, body mass 76.4 ± 8.6 kg, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 52.8 ± 4.6 mL · kg−1 · min−1; G1) and 13 male high-level middle-distance runners (age 25.5 ± 4.2 y, body mass 62.8 ± 2.7 kg, VO2max 70.4 ± 1.9 mL · kg−1 · min−1; G2) performed a continuous incremental test to volitional exhaustion to determine VO2max and a 6-min submaximal running test at 70% of VO2max to assess REff.Results:Significant correlation between REff and performance were found for both groups; however, the strongest correlations were observed in recreational runners, especially when using the allometric exponent (respectively for G1, nonallometric vs allometric scaling: r = .80 vs r = .86; and for G2, nonallometric vs allometric scaling: r = .55 vs r = .50).Conclusion:These results indicate that an allometric normalization may improve endurance-performance prediction from REff values in recreational, but not in elite, runners.

I Like Myself, I Really Do (at Least Right Now)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almut Rudolph ◽  
Michela Schröder-Abé ◽  
Astrid Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract. In five studies, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a revised German version of the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES; Heatherton & Polivy, 1991 ). In Study 1, the results of a confirmatory factor analysis on the original scale revealed poor model fit and poor construct validity in a student sample that resembled those in the literature; thus, a revised 15-item version was developed (i.e., the SSES-R) and thoroughly validated. Study 2 showed a valid three-factor structure (Performance, Social, and Appearance) and good internal consistency of the SSES-R. Correlations between subscales of trait and state SE empirically supported the scale’s construct validity. Temporal stability and intrapersonal sensitivity of the scale to naturally occurring events were investigated in Study 3. Intrapersonal sensitivity of the scale to experimentally induced changes in state SE was uncovered in Study 4 via social feedback (acceptance vs. rejection) and performance feedback (positive vs. negative). In Study 5, the scale’s interpersonal sensitivity was confirmed by comparing depressed and healthy individuals. Finally, the usefulness of the SSES-R was demonstrated by assessing SE instability as calculated from repeated measures of state SE.

Caffeine supplementation for 4-day, followed by acute ingestion, did not impact triathlete output power after submaximal intensity exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Anderson Pontes Morales ◽  
Felipe Sampaio-Jorge ◽  
Thiago Barth ◽  
Alessandra Alegre De Matos ◽  
Luiz Felipe Da Cruz Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Acute Ingestion

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg-1 body mass) for 4-days, followed by acute intake, would impact five male triathletes output power after performed submaximal intensity exercise. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, placebo (4-day) - placebo (acute) PP, placebo (4-days) -caffeine (acute) PC, and caffeine (4-day) - caffeine (acute) CC. Participants abstained from dietary caffeine sources for 4 days and ingested capsules containing either placebo or caffeine (6 mg.kg-1 body mass day in one absorption). The acute trials the capsules containing placebo or caffeine (6 mg.kg-1 body mass day in one absorption) were ingested 60min before completing exercise in a treadmill for 40min (80% VO2max) and to perform the Wingate test. Results: Blood lactate was determined before, 60min after ingestion, and immediately after the exercise on the treadmill, the Wingate test, and after the recovery (10-min). CC and PC trials did not change the cardiopulmonary variables (P>0.05) and the anaerobic power variables (peak/mean power output and fatigue index) (P>0.05). The PC trial compared with PP promoted improvements in the curve power output in 2 sec by 31.19% (large effect-size d = 1.08; P<0.05) and 3 sec by 20% (large effect-size d = 1.19; P<0.05). A 10min recovery was not sufficient to reduce blood lactate concentration in the PC trial compared with PP (PC, 13.73±2.66 vs. PP, 10.26±1.60 mmol.L-1; P<0.05, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, these results indicate that caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg-1 body mass) for 4 days, followed by acute ingestion, did not impact the triathletes output power after performed submaximal intensity exercise. Nutritional interventions may help researchers and athletes to adapt strategies for manipulating caffeine use.Key-words: caffeine metabolism, Wingate test, blood lactate, performance.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Body Composition and Performance in Beach Handball Players: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2837
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
María Martínez-Olcina ◽  
María Hernández-García ◽  
Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
And Performance

Background: Beach handball (BH) is a sport in which sporting performance is influenced, together with team interaction, by individual performance in terms of strength. Body composition is one of the main factors for sports performance and eating habits can condition this variable. The Mediterranean diet (MD) can significantly reduce the risk of mortality or cardiovascular disease. In addition, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment carries out different campaigns to promote it among young athletes, establishing it as a suitable diet for sports. Objectives: The main aims of the study are to assess body composition, physical activity and adherence to the MD of beach handball players. It also aims to evaluate age group differences in male and female players, as well as studying the possible relationship between MD, body composition and performance variables. Methods: A total of 59 Spanish BH players were recruited in the national championship of BH in the province of Alicante. Thirty-eight male (14 junior; 17.0 ± 0.1 years and 24 seniors; 25.5 ± 4.7 years) and twenty-one female (7 junior; 16.1 ± 1.46 years and 14 seniors; 23.2 ± 2.0 years) BH players participated in this study. The questionnaire to evaluate eating habits was Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED). Body composition was measured with electrical bioimpedance. Strength was evaluated by means of a maximum isometric handgrip test of the dominant hand with handgrip and height of jump by counter-jump on contact platform. In the statistical analysis, descriptions and correlations between the study variables were made. Results: In females, when the adherence to the MD is lower, the weight is higher, the lean body mass is lower and worse results are observed in performance tests. As for males, there are differences in weight and lean body mass according to category. Conclusions: Adequate eating habits are related to the weight of beach handball athletes. In addition, specifically with junior players, it has been observed that adherence to the MD correlates with weight.

Pregnancy-induced changes in the maximal physiological responses during swimming

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1454-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McMurray ◽  
A. C. Hackney ◽  
V. L. Katz ◽  
M. Gall ◽  
W. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Capillary Dynamics ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

The effect of pregnancy on peak O2 uptake (VO2 peak) during tethered swimming was evaluated in 10 women during their 25th and 35th wk of pregnancy, as well as 9–11 wk postpartum. The swim results were compared with cycle ergometry results obtained at similar times. The results indicated that exercise-induced maximal heart rates remained the same and were similar for the swim and cycle trials, approximately 184 +/- 4 beats/min. Cycling VO2 peak was not affected by pregnancy, averaging 1.94 +/- 0.11 l/min. Postpartum swim VO2 peak was similar to the cycle results; however, during pregnancy it was significantly lower than cycling VO2 peak (P less than 0.05; postpartum, 1.78 +/- 0.14 l/min; 25th wk, 1.64 +/- 0.12; 35th wk, 1.48 +/- 0.11). Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits were lower during pregnancy; however, changes in plasma volume (based on hematocrit and hemoglobin) were found to be significantly greater during cycling than during swimming and also greater during pregnancy for both modes of exercise. It was concluded that, unlike cycling, the VO2 peak of pregnant women during swimming is reduced. This reduction in VO2 peak was associated with a decreased peak ventilation (r = 0.864) but was not correlated to exercise-induced hemoconcentration (r = -0.29). Furthermore, pregnancy results in a greater-than-normal exercise-induced hemoconcentration, which may be related to pregnancy-induced changes in capillary dynamics.

Dietary, Anthropometric, Blood-Lipid, and Performance Patterns of American College Football Players during 8 Weeks of Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle D. Kirwan ◽  
Lindsay K. Kordick ◽  
Shane McFarland ◽  
Denver Lancaster ◽  
Kristine Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary, anthropometric, blood-lipid, and performance patterns of university-level American football players attempting to increase body mass during 8 wk of training.Methods:Three-day diet records, body composition (DEXA scan), blood lipids, and performance measures were collected in redshirt football players (N = 15, age 18.5 ± 0.6 yr) early season and after 8 wk of in-season training.Results:There was an increase (p < .05) from early-season to postseason testing for reported energy (+45%), carbohydrate (+82%), and protein (+29%) intakes and no change in the intake of fat. Fat intake was 41% of energy at the early-season test and 32% of energy at the postseason test. Increases (p < .05 for all) in performance measures, lean mass (70.5 ± 7.7–71.8 ± 7.7 kg), fat mass (15.9 ± 6.2–17.3 ± 6.8 kg), plasma total cholesterol (193.5 ± 32.4–222.6 ± 40.0 mg/dl), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL; 92.7 ± 32.7–124.5 ± 34.7 mg/dl) were measured. No changes were measured in triglycerides, very-low-density lipoproteins, or high-density lipoproteins.Conclusion:Increases in strength, power, speed, total body mass, muscle mass, and fat mass were measured. Cholesterol and LDL levels increased during the study to levels associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease. It is possible that this is a temporary phenomenon, but it is cause for concern and an indication that dietary education to promote weight gain in a manner less likely to adversely affect the lipid profile is warranted.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Volume, Plasma Volume, and Lean Body Mass in Adult Men and Women

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN A. RETZLAFF ◽  
W. NEWLON TAUXE ◽  
JOSEPH M. KIELY ◽  
CHARLES F. STROEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Normal Males

Abstract Erythrocyte volume, plasma volume, hematocrit, lean body mass (from total body water), skinfold thickness (at three sites), arm circumference, height, and weight were measured in 40 normal males, 38 normal females, and 12 obese females. From these data on the normal subjects, equations for estimating erythrocyte and plasma volumes were derived. Equations utilizing combined height-weight, surface area, height-weight-skinfold thickness, or lean body mass were found to be the most accurate for predicting erythrocyte and plasma volumes in normal and in obese subjects. The body:venous hematocrit ratio (BH:VH) and the variability of this ratio in our subjects were determined and discussed. Errors in indirect estimates of blood volumes based on this ratio are presented. Erythrocyte and plasma volume standards based on height-weight regression equations or surface area ratio equation are suggested for use in clinical laboratories. Tables and a nomogram based on these equations have been prepared and are available on request.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate, ingested individually or in combination, and a taste-matched placebo on high-intensity cycling capacity in healthy males

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Higgins ◽  
Susie Wilson ◽  
Cameron Hill ◽  
Mike J. Price ◽  
Mike Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Experimental Trials

This study evaluated the effects of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or caffeine individually or in combination on high-intensity cycling capacity. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, 13 healthy, noncycling trained males (age: 21 ± 3 years, height: 178 ± 6 cm, body mass: 76 ± 12 kg, peak power output (Wpeak): 230 ± 34 W, peak oxygen uptake: 46 ± 8 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a graded incremental exercise test, 2 familiarisation trials, and 4 experimental trials. Trials consisted of cycling to volitional exhaustion at 100% Wpeak (TLIM) 60 min after ingesting a solution containing either (i) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate (BIC), (ii) 5 mg·kg−1 body mass caffeine plus 0.1 g·kg−1 body mass sodium chloride (CAF), (iii) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate plus 5 mg·kg−1 body mass caffeine (BIC-CAF), or (iv) 0.1 g·kg−1 body mass sodium chloride (PLA). Experimental solutions were administered double-blind. Pre-exercise, at the end of exercise, and 5-min postexercise blood pH, base excess, and bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO3−]) were significantly elevated for BIC and BIC-CAF compared with CAF and PLA. TLIM (median; interquartile range) was significantly greater for CAF (399; 350–415 s; P = 0.039; r = 0.6) and BIC-CAF (367; 333–402 s; P = 0.028; r = 0.6) compared with BIC (313: 284–448 s) although not compared with PLA (358; 290–433 s; P = 0.249, r = 0.3 and P = 0.099 and r = 0.5, respectively). There were no differences between PLA and BIC (P = 0.196; r = 0.4) or between CAF and BIC-CAF (P = 0.753; r = 0.1). Relatively large inter- and intra-individual variation was observed when comparing treatments and therefore an individual approach to supplementation appears warranted.

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