GROWTH OF FUSARIUM DIVERSISPORUM SHERB. ON LONG-CHAINn-FATTY ALCOHOLS OR CHOLESTEROL AS THE SOLE CARBON SOURCE

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf G. Strobel ◽  
Herbert Quinn ◽  
Willy Lange
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Metabolic Action

In well-aerated submerged cultures of Fusarium diversisporum Sherb. with n-hexadecanol or n-heptadecanol (which are virtually water insoluble) as the sole carbon source, the alkanols do not undergo extracellular chemical changes before assimilation but move, unchanged, through the cell wall faster than they can be metabolized by the organism and thus may constitute up to one-half of the total lipids in the cells. The alkanols are initially oxidized at the hydroxylated terminal carbon atom to fatty acids without loss of carbon. The fatty acids are subject to further metabolic action. Apparently carbon, not needed immediately for energy and for synthesis of cell components, is transformed into triglycerides as a reserve material. In these triglycerides, the distribution of the saturated and the unsaturated fatty acids between the primary and the secondary positions of the glycerol moiety is one typical of a vegetable lipid. Interesting differences exist, particularly in the sterol ester and phospho- or glyco-lipid contents, between mycelia grown on sucrose, hexadecanol, or heptadecanol. These cell constituents may possibly be involved in alkanol transport across the cell wall. The mold also assimilates cholesterol but has difficulty in metabolizing it.

scholarly journals Influence of the method of disintegration of biomass of microalga Chlorella sorokiniana on the production of lipid fraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Smyatskaya ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Politaeva ◽  
Amira Toumi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the effect of the disintegration of the cell wall of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana on the output of the lipid fraction. The biomass of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana was grown under laboratory conditions in special photobioreactors at a temperature of 25 °C, with a constant aeration of a mixture of carbon dioxide and air at a rate of 1.5 liters/min, illumination 2200-2800 Lx. Nutrient medium for cultivation contained macro – and micronutrients for high-speed growth of microalgae. Selection of optimal cultivation parameters allows obtaining biomass with desired properties. Disintegration was carried out with the homogenization of biomass and under the influence of microwave radiation. Extraction of lipids was carried out on a semi-automatic extractor according to the Randall method, using organic solvents. The output of the lipid fraction without treatment was 10.18% after the destruction of the cell wall 14.45% with the homogenization of biomass and 13.85% under the influence of microwave radiation. A qualitative analysis of the lipid fraction, carried out under gas chromatography, obtained under various conditions showed that there was no significant difference in composition from the disintegration method. Lipid fractions (more than 50%) in both cases consist mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, of which irreplaceable unsaturated fatty acids constitute more than 18% for both samples. The residual biomass formed after the extraction of the lipid fraction can be used as fertilizer in the plant, for the manufacture of sorption materials for the purification of industrial water and as a biofuel. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of cell wall disintegration on the output of the lipid fraction and qualitative composition.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Able To Accumulate and Utilize Cholesterol

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (21) ◽  
pp. 6584-6591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brzostek ◽  
Jakub Pawelczyk ◽  
Anna Rumijowska-Galewicz ◽  
Bozena Dziadek ◽  
Jaroslaw Dziadek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Cholesterol Accumulation ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Future Studies

ABSTRACT It is expected that the obligatory human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis must adapt metabolically to the various nutrients available during its cycle of infection, persistence, and reactivation. Cholesterol, which is an important part of the mammalian cytoplasmic membrane, is a potential energy source. Here, we show that M. tuberculosis grown in medium containing a carbon source other than cholesterol is able to accumulate cholesterol in the free-lipid zone of its cell wall. This cholesterol accumulation decreases the permeability of the cell wall for the primary antituberculosis drug, rifampin, and partially masks the mycobacterial surface antigens. Furthermore, M. tuberculosis was able to grow on mineral medium supplemented with cholesterol as the sole carbon source. Targeted disruption of the Rv3537 (kstD) gene inhibited growth due to inactivation of the cholesterol degradation pathway, as evidenced by accumulation of the intermediate, 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione. Our findings that M. tuberculosis is able to accumulate cholesterol in the presence of alternative nutrients and use it when cholesterol is the sole carbon source in vitro may facilitate future studies into the pathophysiology of this important deadly pathogen.

scholarly journals A synthetic medium for the selection of yeasts able to utilize fatty acids as the sole carbon source.

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESTEBAN C. DELL'ANGELICA ◽  
DANIEL MILIKOWSKI ◽  
DANIEL A. SAENZ ◽  
CARLOS A. STELLA ◽  
EUGENIA H. RAMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Selection Of

The effect of volatile fatty acids as a sole carbon source on lipid accumulation by Cryptococcus albidus for biodiesel production

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 2695-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fei ◽  
Ho Nam Chang ◽  
Longan Shang ◽  
Jin-dal-rae Choi ◽  
NagJong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus

scholarly journals Genetically Modified Strains of Ralstonia eutropha H16 with β-Ketothiolase Gene Deletions for Production of Copolyesters with Defined 3-Hydroxyvaleric Acid Contents

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 5375-5383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lindenkamp ◽  
Elena Volodina ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Storage Behavior ◽  
Copolymer Poly

ABSTRACTβ-Ketothiolases catalyze the first step of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)] biosynthesis in bacteria by condensation of two acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) molecules to acetoacetyl-CoA and also take part in the degradation of fatty acids. During growth on propionate or valerate,Ralstonia eutrophaH16 produces the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [poly(3HB-co-3HV)]. InR. eutropha, 15 β-ketothiolase homologues exist. The synthesis of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (3HB-CoA) could be significantly reduced in an 8-fold mutant (Lindenkamp et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:5373–5382, 2010). In this study, a 9-fold mutant deficient in nine β-ketothiolase gene homologues (phaA,bktB, H16_A1713, H16_B1771, H16_A1528, H16_B0381, H16_B1369, H16_A0170, andpcaF) was generated. In order to examine the polyhydroxyalkanoate production capacity when short- or long-chain and even- or odd-chain-length fatty acids were provided as carbon sources, the growth and storage behavior of several mutants from the previous study and the newly generated 9-fold mutant were analyzed. Propionate, valerate, octanoate, undecanoic acid, or oleate was chosen as the sole carbon source. On octanoate, no significant differences in growth or storage behavior were observed between wild-typeR. eutrophaand the mutants. In contrast, during the growth on oleate of a multiple mutant lackingphaA,bktB, and H16_A0170, diminished poly(3HB) accumulation occurred. Surprisingly, the amount of accumulated poly(3HB) in the multiple mutants grown on gluconate differed; it was much lower than that on oleate. The β-ketothiolase activity toward acetoacetyl-CoA in H16ΔphaAand all the multiple mutants remained 10-fold lower than the activity of the wild type, regardless of which carbon source, oleate or gluconate, was employed. During growth on valerate as a sole carbon source, the 9-fold mutant accumulated almost a poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) [poly(3HV)] homopolyester with 99 mol% 3HV constituents.

CELLOBIOSE AS A PARAMORPHOGEN IN SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Wilson ◽  
Donald J. Niederpruem
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Soluble Cell ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Increased Activity

The mycelial growth of Schizophyllum commune on cellobiose, as sole carbon source, produced colonies that were quite dense and restricted in diameter. The hyphae were composed of shorter, more highly branched cells when grown on this disaccharide. Cellobiose brought about an increase in the ratio of an alkali-soluble cell-wall fraction (S-glucan) to an alkali-insoluble cell-wall fraction (R-glucan). This change might be explained by increased activity of enzymes which hydrolyze the R-glucan component following growth in cellobiose. Thus, a system is described which attempts to relate wall-softening enzymes to morphology.

scholarly journals Role of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Escherichia coli Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase FadD in Long-Term Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Ángel de la Cruz Pech-Canul ◽  
Geovanny Rivera-Hernández ◽  
Joaquina Nogales ◽  
Otto Geiger ◽  
María J. Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Chain

FadD is an acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase specific for long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Strains mutated in fadD cannot produce acyl-CoA and thus cannot grow on exogenous LCFA as the sole carbon source. Mutants in the fadD (smc02162) of Sinorhizobium meliloti are unable to grow on oleate as the sole carbon source and present an increased surface motility and accumulation of free fatty acids at the entry of the stationary phase of growth. In this study, we found that constitutive expression of the closest FadD homologues of S. meliloti, encoded by sma0150 and smb20650, could not revert any of the mutant phenotypes. In contrast, the expression of Escherichia coli fadD could restore the same functions as S. meliloti fadD. Previously, we demonstrated that FadD is required for the degradation of endogenous fatty acids released from membrane lipids. Here, we show that absence of a functional fadD provokes a significant loss of viability in cultures of E. coli and of S. meliloti in the stationary phase, demonstrating a crucial role of fatty acid degradation in survival capacity.

A survey of filamentous foaming in activated sludge plants in Hong Kong

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chua ◽  
K. Y. Le
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Filamentous Foaming ◽  
Nocardia Amarae

Of five major secondary sewage treatment works surveyed during 1993 in Hong Kong, two had frequent foaming in the activated sludge plants which resulted in unmanageable operational problems. In this study, branched-filamentous Nocardia amarae was identified as the main causative bacteria in foaming sludges. In vitro studies showed that fatty acids that are commonly found in municipal sewage could be utilized by N. amarae as the sole carbon source, and presence of these fatty acids in sewage could stimulate growth.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from CO2 by a Recombinant Cupriavidus necator

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kenji Tanaka ◽  
Kazumasa Yoshida ◽  
Izumi Orita ◽  
Toshiaki Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Cupriavidus Necator ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Short Chain Length ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Cellular Content ◽  
High Flexibility

The copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydoxyhexanoate (3HHx), PHBHHx, is one of the most practical kind of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates due to its high flexibility and marine biodegradability. PHBHHx is usually produced from vegetable oils or fatty acids through b-oxidation, whereas biosynthesis from sugars has been achieved by recombinant strains of hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Cupriavidus necator. This study investigated the biosynthesis of PHBHHx from CO2 as the sole carbon source by engineered C. necator strains. The recombinant strains capable of synthesizing PHBHHx from fructose were cultivated in a flask using complete mineral medium and a substrate gas mixture (H2/O2/CO2 = 8:1:1). The results of GC and 1H NMR analyses indicated that the recombinants of C. necator synthesized PHBHHx from CO2 with high cellular content. When 1.0 g/L (NH4)2SO4 was used as a nitrogen source, the 3HHx composition of PHBHHx in the strain MF01∆B1/pBBP-ccrMeJ4a-emd was 47.7 ± 6.2 mol%. Further investigation demonstrated that the PHA composition can be regulated by using (R)-enoyl-CoA hydratase (PhaJ) with different substrate specificity. The composition of 3HHx in PHBHHx was controlled to about 11 mol%, suitable for practical applications, and high cellular content was kept in the strains transformed with pBPP-ccrMeJAc-emd harboring short-chain-length-specific PhaJ.

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