The value of 21 amino acids as nitrogen sources for Phytophthora cactorum and P. heveae

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1319-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Leal ◽  
M. E. Gallegly ◽  
V. G. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Ph Values

The value of 21 amino acids as nitrogen sources for Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. and Cohn) Schroet. and P. heveae Thompson has been studied using the dry weights of mycelium, changes in the pH values of the culture media, and the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the culture media as the criteria. Two concentrations of each amino acid were used to furnish 106 and 424 mg N/liter. The three parameters mutually supported each other in dividing the amino acids into two groups, poor and good.The following amino acids were poor sources of nitrogen for both species: L-hydroxyproline, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, and L-tryptophan. L-Phenylalanine was a good amino acid for P. cactorum, and a poor amino acid for P. heveae. L-Cysteine and L-valine were good sources of nitrogen for P. heveae, but poor nitrogen sources for P. cactorum. The following amino acids were good sources of nitrogen for both species: L-α-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-histidine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, and L-tyrosine.

scholarly journals The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pikosz ◽  
Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska ◽  
Beata Messyasz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Adaptation To Stress ◽  
Filamentous Green Algae

AbstractFilamentous green algae (FGA) frequently forms dense mats which can be either mono- or polyspecies. While various defense mechanisms of competition in algae are known, little is known about the interactions between different species of FGA. An experiment in controlled laboratory conditions was conducted to gather data on the changes in amino acids (AA) concentrations in FGA species in the presence of exudates from different other species. The aim of the present study was to identify the AA whose concentrations showed significant changes and to assess if the changes could be adaptation to stress conditions. The major constituents of the AA pool in Cladophora glomerata, C. fracta and Rhizoclonium sp. were Glutamic acid (Glu), Aspartic acid (Asp) and Leucine (Leu). In response to chemical stress, that is the increasing presence of exudates, a significant increase in the concentrations Proline (Pro) and Tryptophan (Trp) was noted. The increase in Proline levels was observed in C. fracta and Rhizoclonium in response to chemical stress induced by C. glomerata exudates. As the concentration of exudates increased in the medium, there was a progressive shift in the pattern of AA group in FGA.

scholarly journals Apparent amino acid absorption from feather meal by chicks

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Bielorai ◽  
Z. Harduf ◽  
B. Iosif ◽  
Eugenia Alumot
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Magnesium Ferrite ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Lower Ileum

1. The apparent absorption values of individual amino acids from two samples of feather meal (FM) were determined in the lower ileum of chicks fed on diets containing magnesium ferrite as a marker.2. The average absorption values for FM amino acids were low, approximately 0.50, as compared with approximately 0.85 for soya bean, used as a control. Values for individual amino acids from FM differed distinctly, ranging from 0.20 to 0.70. Low values were obtained for aspartic acid, histidine, lysine, glutamic acid and cystine.3. An indication of the low absorption of the previously-mentioned amino acids was obtained by analysing the amino acid composition of the FM residues undigested by pepsin or pancreatin.4. The reasons for testing the apparent rather than the true absorption are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids in garlic bulbs and leaves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fedosov ◽  
V. S. Kyslychenko ◽  
O. M. Novosel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Amino Acids

Introduction. Plant amino acids have an important impact on functioning of various systems and organs of human body. In addition, they possess a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic properties, improve the digestion and potentiate the activity of biologically active compounds present in plants. Thus, the search of plant species that contain a large complex of plant amino acids and are used as food is of current interest. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) from Alliaceae family is one of such plants, and has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders.The aim of the study – to determine the composition and quantitative content of free and bound amino acids of garlic bulbs and leaves.Research methods. The amino acid composition was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results and Discussion. 16 amino acids were detected in garlic bulbs as a result of the experiment. Arginine (3.04 %) and proline (1.56 %) were found to be accumulated infree state, while glutamic acid (10.59 %), aspartic acid (6.06 %) and arginine (5.94 %) prevailed in bound state. 15 free and 16 bound amino acids were identified and quantified in garlic leaves. Glutamic acid (2.11 %), leucine (1.79 %), valine (1.77 %), isoleucine (1.52 %), treonine and phenylalanine (1.44 %) dominated infree state, and glutamic acid (28.49 %), aspartic acid (12.90 %) and leucine (7.61 %) prevailed in bound state. Methionine was found only in bound state in garlic leaves.Conclusions. The amino acid composition of garlic bulbs and leaves was studied using the HPLC method. 16 amino acids in both free and bound state were detected and their content was determined in garlic bulbs, while in garlic leaves – 15 free and 16 bound amino acids. The results of the experiment showed that methionine is present only in bound state in garlic leaves.

SEPARATION OF THE PROTEIN CONSTITUENTS OF THE LARVAL DIETS OF THE HONEYBEE BY CONTINUOUS PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. J. Habowsky ◽  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

The protein constituents of the larval diets of queen and worker honeybees were separated by continuous paper electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns of royal jelly of any age and the early worker diet were similar and comprised five ninhydrin-reactive bands or fractions. Fraction 1 (nearest the cathode) contained lysine as a free amino acid. Fractions 3 and 4 appeared to be complex polypeptides. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine and/or leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, and an unidentified substance were found in chromatograms of the acid hydrolyzate of fraction 3; the hydrolyzate of fraction 4 contained the same amino acids except for threonine. Fractions 2 and 5 were not characterized. Electrophoresis of the diet of worker larvae older than 3 days showed a pronounced fading of all bands, attributable to the dilution of the solids by the addition of honey which occurs at this time. There appeared to be no qualitative differences between the protein fractions of royal jelly and worker diet which would account for the differentiation of female honeybees into queens and workers. The decrease with age in the percentage of protein in the worker diet may be significant.

Growths and Concentrations of Mineral Elements of Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis l.) as Affected by Nitrogen Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Hua Jing Wang ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Liang Huan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Brassica Chinensis ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine influences of partial replacement of nitrate by ammonium and 20 amino acids of alanine (Ala), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), proline (Pro), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophane (Trp), methionine (Met), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg), histidine (His), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), cysteine (Cys), tyrosine (Tyr), asparagines (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) on growths and concentrations of mineral elements of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Most of amino acids inhibit shoot growths of pakchoi. Different amino acids have various effects on concentrations of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in shoots of pakchoi. There are differences in shoot fresh weights, dry weights and concentrations of mineral elements of pakchoi supplied with amino acids and ammonium.

SUBSTITUTION OF CHOLINE BY RELATED COMPOUNDS AND FURTHER STUDIES ON AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS IN NUTRITION OF PHORMIA REGINA (MEIG.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Hodgson ◽  
Vernon H. Cheldelin ◽  
R. W. Newburgh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Dietary Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Related Compounds

Phormia regina grown on a chemically defined diet under sterile conditions has been shown to have a specific dietary requirement for choline. The present work shows that carnitine and 2,2-dimethylaminoethanol can completely replace this in the diet whereas betaine is ineffective in this respect. Deletion of single amino acids from a mixture of 18 adequate for growth has previously shown the following 10 amino acids to be essential: arginine, histidine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, proline, and isoleucine. The present work: shows by the inability of the organism to grow on these essential amino acids that this method is not adequate to detect amino acid combinations for which alternate requirements exist. By the deletion of groups of two or more amino acids it has been shown that P. regina has a dietary requirement for either methionine or cystine and for either glutamic acid or aspartic acid. Growth on the 10 essential amino acids is stimulated by yeast extract. This is apparently not due to a simple replacement of missing amino acids, since the addition of yeast creates an increased requirement for thiamine.

Utilization of amino acids by Trypanosoma brucei in culture: L-threonine as a precursor for acetate

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. M. Cross ◽  
R. A. Klein ◽  
D. J. Linstead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions

The amino acid compositions of several culture media have been analysed and compared. The utilization and excretion of amino acids and other metabolites have been followed during growth of Trypanosoma brucei S42 in a defined medium. All of the added L-threonine was metabolized by the cells, even when it was present at elevated concentrations. Glucose was consumed throughout the growth cycle: glutamine was consumed more rapidly than glutamic acid, which was itself used at about the same rate as proline. Threonine was cleaved to form glycine and acetate, both of which accumulated in the medium. Alanine and succinate were excreted together with a small amount of pyruvate, but these three products accounted for less than half of the glucose used. CO2 production from glucose was not measured, but insignificant amounts of CO2 were produced from threonine. Tetraethylthiuram disulphide blocked the cleavage of threonine and was a potent inhibitor of trypanosome growth.

Regulation of Glyconeogenesis from Amino Acids by Acetate in Tetrahymena pyriformis

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mavrides
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis

The regulation of glyconeogenesis from amino acids by acetate was studied in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase were repressed by 0.1% sodium acetate in the growth medium. Incorporations into the glycogen of washed cells from the respective isotopically labelled amino acids were similarly suppressed.Incorporations into glycogen from uniformly 14C-labelled L-serine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-tyrosine, and DL-β-14C-tyrosine were also suppressed by prior growth in a medium supplemented with 0.1% or 0.3% acetate. Percentage incorporation into glycogen was highest from tyrosine, followed by leucine, isoleucine, and alanine, and lowest from glutamic acid and serine.Supplementation of the medium with 0.25% glucose resulted in repression of the above two enzymes and suppression of incorporation into glycogen from amino acids.Incorporation of aspartic acid into glycogen was negligible and was variously and minimally affected by growth in glucose- or acetate-supplemented media. Aspartate aminotransferase was affected in a like manner.Glycogen content was not significantly affected by growth in media supplemented with 0.1% or 0.3% acetate. On the whole, the data suggest that acetate spares amino acids for glyconeogenesis by a mechanism which entails repression of amino-acid-catabolizing enzymes.

The influence of formic acid and formaldehyde additives and type of harvesting machine on the utilization of nitrogen in lucerne silages: 2. Changes in amino-acid composition during ensiling and their influence on nutritive value

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Barry ◽  
D. N. Mundell ◽  
R. J. Wilkins ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Degradation ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SummaryLucerne was made into ten silages using either a flail or a precision-chop harvester with application of formaldehyde or a range of rates of formic acid during harvesting. Amino-acid analyses were done on the silages and on samples taken from the herbage at ensiling.In excess of 70% of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, threonine, lysine, histidine and arginine were destroyed in untreated silages when a flail harvester was used and in excess of 50% when a precision-chop harvester was used. Glycine, leucine, iso-leucine, valine and methionine showed little change, with net losses or increases of up to 10%, whilst proline, cystine + cysteine and phenylalanine were intermediate between these two categories. Net synthesis of alanine and α and γ amino-butyric acids occurred in the untreated silages. Increasing rates of formic acid addition, and the use of the precision-chop harvester, reduced the loss of the amino acids which were extensively degraded in the untreated silages and minimized the increases in alanine and α and γ amino-butyric acids. Formaldehyde treatment also reduced amino-acid degradation, apart from apparently high losses of lysine, histidine and tyrosine. It was concluded, however, that these losses arose through problems of estimation in formaldehyde-treated silages following HCl hydrolysis.It is suggested that the most probable precursors for alanine and α and γ aminobutyric acids were respectively aspartic acid, threonine and glutamic acid. Voluntary intake and the utilization of silage nitrogen by young sheep were related to the net changes in amino acids involved in decarboxylation reactions, the best measures of this being the interconversions involving the formation of alanine and α and γ aminobutyric acids. Deamination reactions appeared to be of much less importance in limiting silage nutritive value than those involving decarboxylation.

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF FREE AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN UTERINE FLUID IN PREGNANT RABBITS

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jaszczak ◽  
E. S. E. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Uterine Fluid

ABSTRACT Free amino acid content was measured in the uterine fluid and blood serum in the following groups of rabbits 168 h post copulation: intact; intact progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-oestradiol-treated; and ovariectomized without hormonal treatment. At implantation, concentration of the majority of amino acid in uterine fluid exceeded greatly that of blood serum; the difference in concentration being maximal for glycine, taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine and threonine. Glutamine-asparagine and arginine were found in comparable quantities or were even higher in blood serum. Glycine, alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, serine and glutamine-asparagine were found in highest concentration in the uterine fluid. The level of ammonia in uterine fluid was also relatively high. Exogenous progesterone and oestradiol caused significant changes in the concentration of some amino acid. The concentration of glycine, taurine, alanine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, ½ cystine and histidine seems to be especially hormonally dependent. The results are discussed in relation to hormonal activity of corpora lutea during early pregnancy, physiological significance of free amino acids in uterine fluid and nourishment of an early embryo.

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