Production of β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol and β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid by Candida species

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Narayanan ◽  
G. Ramananda Rao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Culture Filtrates

Two crystalline compounds were isolated from the culture filtrates of Candida species grown in synthetic medium supplemented with L-tyrosine as the sole source of nitrogen. These compounds were characterized as β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (HOPEA) and β-(4-hydroxy-phenyDlactic acid (HOPLA). The production of these compounds in five species (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic) was compared and marked differences were revealed. Experiments using L-[14C]tyrosine indicated that both HOPEA and HOPLA are synthesized from L-tyrosine.

scholarly journals Effect of pH, heat treatment and enzymes on the antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria against Candida species

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulgasem, B. Y. ◽  
Hassan, Z. ◽  
Huda-Faujan, N. ◽  
Ali, R. H. ◽  
Lani, M. N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Effect Of Ph

scholarly journals On the Nitrogen Nutrition of Silage Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Brady
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Consideration is given to the adequacy of the free amino acids in plant juices at the time of harvest as nitrogen substrate for strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from silage. The requirements of several strains of the bacteria for free amino acids in synthetic media were compared with the concentration of these acids in the liquid phase of plants at the time of harvest; this comparison suggested that several amino acids, and particulady lysine, may at times be rate.limiting. Ethanolic extracts of plants, sampled before and after a period of post-harvest wilting, were assayed as nitrogen substrates for the bacteria. A marked response to additions of lysine, some response to arginine, and evidence of deficiency of other acids were noted. The importance of post-harvest proteolysis to the amino acid nutrition of the bacteria in the silage environment is discussed. Certain fractions of the plant extracts were found to promote early growth of the bacteria in the synthetic medium, and the distribution of this activity in different fractions is described.

scholarly journals Human Pathogenic Candida Species Respond Distinctively to Lactic Acid Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Isabella Zangl ◽  
Reinhard Beyer ◽  
Ildiko-Julia Pap ◽  
Joseph Strauss ◽  
Christoph Aspöck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Vaginal Tract ◽  
High Concentrations

Several Candida species are opportunistic human fungal pathogens and thrive in various environmental niches in and on the human body. In this study we focus on the conditions of the vaginal tract, which is acidic, hypoxic, glucose-deprived, and contains lactic acid. We quantitatively analyze the lactic acid tolerance in glucose-rich and glucose-deprived environment of five Candida species: Candidaalbicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. To characterize the phenotypic space, we analyzed 40–100 clinical isolates of each species. Each Candida species had a very distinct response pattern to lactic acid stress and characteristic phenotypic variability. C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis were best to withstand high concentrations of lactic acid with glucose as carbon source. A glucose-deprived environment induced lactic acid stress tolerance in all species. With lactate as carbon source the growth rate of C. krusei is even higher compared to glucose, whereas the other species grow slower. C. krusei may use lactic acid as carbon source in the vaginal tract. Stress resistance variability was highest among C. parapsilosis strains. In conclusion, each Candida spp. is adapted differently to cope with lactic acid stress and resistant to physiological concentrations.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production, Oxidative Stress Prevention, and Probiotic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Human Vagina and Fermented Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Ho Kang ◽  
Seul Hwa Han ◽  
Jin-Seong Kim ◽  
YongGyeong Kim ◽  
Yulah Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Culture Filtrates

In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antioxidative and probiotic activities were isolated from the vaginas of Korean women and from fermented food. Among 34 isolated LAB strains, four strains (MG4221, MG4231, MG4261, and MG4270) exhibited inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production. The MG4221 and MG4270 strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and MG4231 and MG4261 were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum. These strains were able to tolerate pepsin and pancreatin, which is required for probiotic potential. The antioxidant effects of culture filtrates obtained from selected strains included 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. Most of the culture filtrates had effective DPPH scavenging activity.In conclusion, the selected strains have significant activities and are potentially applicable to the development of functional foods. These strains might also contribute to the prevention and control of several diseases associated with oxidative stress, when used as functional probiotics.

Nutrition and phylogeny of predacious yeasts

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Ana Pupovac-Velikonja ◽  
Sabrina Natarajan ◽  
Birgit Schlag-Edler
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Sulfate Transport ◽  
Prototheca Zopfii ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Sequence Relatedness ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeasts ◽  
Predacious Species

Yeast predation was studied with respect to the range of its distribution among ascomycetous yeasts, the range of yeast species that can be affected, and nutritional aspects of the phenomenon. The yeasts identified as predators belong to the Saccharomycopsis clade as defined on the basis of rDNA sequence relatedness. The 11 recognized species in the clade, plus three undescribed but related Candida species, were shown to be incapable of utilizing sulfate as sole source of sulfur, and all but two (Saccharomycopsis capsularis andSaccharomycopsis vini) were observed to penetrate and kill other yeasts under some conditions. Other unrelated sulfate transport-deficient yeasts (strains in the genera Pichia and Candida and the two known species of Starmera) are not predacious. The predacious species vary considerably as to the optimal environmental conditions that favour predation. Some are inhibited by the presence of rich nitrogenous nutrients, organic sulfur compounds, or higher concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, whereas other species may be stimulated under the same conditions. An attempt was made to correlate prey susceptibility to the excretion of substances that stimulate the growth of predators, but no correlation was detected between the two phenomena. The range of susceptible prey covers both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which was previously thought to be immune. The achlorophyllous alga Prototheca zopfii is not killed by predacious yeasts, but the initial steps of penetration have been observed in some cases. Predacious species attack other predacious species, and in some cases, young cultures may penetrate older cultures of the same strain.Key words: predacious yeasts, sulfate transport deficiency, Saccharomycopsis.

THE UTILIZATION OF PURINES, PYRIMIDINES, AND INORGANIC NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS BY EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE STRAINS OF RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Jordan ◽  
C. L. San Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Growth Initiation

Ammonium chloride was not utilized by three strains of Rhizobium meliloti as the sole source of nitrogen in a sucrose medium, unless either amino or certain non-nitrogenous carboxylic acids were also present. This was also essentially true for the utilization of nitrate, nitrite, purines, and pyrimidines, all of which are potentially able to form ammonia. These results may be interpreted on the assumption that washed cells of alfalfa – sweet clover rhizobia require, for growth initiation in a nitrogen-free medium, either preformed amino acids or compounds such as ammonia and certain carboxylic acids from which amino acids can be synthesized. Since α-ketoglutarate was extremely active in promoting growth in a medium containing ammonium chloride it was implied that the ammonia may be fixed by L-glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity, especially since this particular enzyme was located in these organisms. No aspartase activity could be demonstrated. The ineffective strain differed from the effective strains in that it was unable to use purines or pyrimidines as accessory nitrogen sources in amino acid media. This was a result of strain variation and it was not coupled with the state of ineffectiveness itself. A synthetic medium has been formulated for further growth studies on washed Rhizobium cells and for investigations on auxotrophic mutants of these bacteria.

PROTEINASE PRODUCTION IN RELATION TO GROWTH OF A MICROCOCCUS SPECIES

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Proteinase Production ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Stimulation Of

Production of proteinase(s) by a Micrococcus sp. (A.T.C.C. No. 407) in general was related to the amount of growth. However, addition of 2% sodium chloride to tryptone yeast extract broth resulted in an apparent stimulation of proteinase production without an increase in growth. The salt apparently protected the enzyme since it was found that proteinase preparations were inactivated less rapidly in the presence than in the absence of salt. Although the organism did not require carbohydrate for growth, it utilized maltose but not glucose or other carbohydrates. In the presence of maltose, growth and proteinase production were stimulated. The organism produced proteinase on a minimal synthetic medium containing glutamic acid as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen.

scholarly journals Selection of the StrainLactobacillus acidophilusATCC 43121 and Its Application to Brewers’ Spent Grain Conversion into Lactic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Liguori ◽  
Carlos Ricardo Soccol ◽  
Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe ◽  
Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski ◽  
Elena Ionata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia Soaking ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Selection Of

SixLactobacillusstrains were analyzed to select a bacterium for conversion of brewers’ spent grain (BSG) into lactic acid. Among the investigated strains,L. acidophilusATCC 43121 showed the highest yield of lactic acid production (16.1 g/L after 48 hours) when grown in a synthetic medium. It was then analyzed for its ability to grow on the hydrolysates obtained from BSG after acid-alkaline (AAT) or aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment. The lactic acid production byL. acidophilusATCC 43121 through fermentation of the hydrolysate from AAS treated BSG was 96% higher than that from the AAT treated one, although similar yields of lactic acid per consumed glucose were achieved due to a higher (46%) glucose consumption byL. acidophilusATCC 43121 in the AAS BSG hydrolysate. It is worth noting that adding yeast extract to the BSG hydrolysates increased both the yield of lactic acid per substrate consumed and the volumetric productivity. The best results were obtained by fermentation of AAS BSG hydrolysate supplemented by yeast extract, in which the strain produced 22.16 g/L of lactic acid (yield of 0.61 g/g), 27% higher than the value (17.49 g/L) obtained in the absence of a nitrogen source.

scholarly journals LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL AGAINST SELECTED RESISTANCE CANDIDA SPECIES AND PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiamaka Linda Mgbechidinma ◽  
Caleb Oladele Adegoke ◽  
Samuel Temitope Ogunbanwo
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

This research focused on the isolation and antagonistic action of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) against certain antibiotics resistance disease causing bacteria and fungai. Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem amid humans and animals in land-dwelling or marine environments hence making treatment of infections difficult. Antibiotic susceptibility test for bacteria pathogen was performed using the disc diffusion method while antifungal susceptibility and antimicrobial activity of LAB were carried out using agar well diffusion method. All the pathogenic bacteria used as indicator organisms were multiple antibiotics resistance and 100 percent resistance to gentamycin and pefloxacillin with the exception of Staphlococcus aureus. Candida species was 100 percent resistance to Ketoconazole, fluconazole and miconazole. Twenty-two LAB isolates were gotten from fermented milk and milk products. The isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Leuconostoc mesenteriodes, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. LAB produced lactic acid to varying concentrations, having its production peak (1.80g/L) at 48 h of incubation by Lactobacillus plantarum. Lactobacillus fermentumNU2 produced the highest quantity of diacetyl (2.80g/L) while Lactobacillus acidophilusGO8 and Lactococcus lactisGO9 produced the highest amount of hydrogen peroxide (0.030g/L) at 48 h of incubation. Lactobacillus plantarumGO16 inhibited Bacillus cereus while Lactobacillus acidophilusGO8 inhibited Staphylococcus aureus with 28 mm zone of inhibition. Lactobacillus plantarumNU1 and Lactobacillus plantarumGO16 inhibited Candida albican with 25 mm zone of inhibition. LAB can be used as probiotics in preventing infections caused by Candida species and pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: Lactic Acid Bacteria, Fermented milk, antibiotics resistance, antagonistic activity, pathogens.

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