DNA homology, phage-typing, and cross-nodulation studies of rhizobia infecting Galega species

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Lindström ◽  
B. D. W. Jarvis ◽  
P. E. Lindström ◽  
J. J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Dna Homology ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The taxonomic status of Rhizobium nodulating Galega sp. is poorly defined. Earlier reports suggest that the rhizobia infecting G. officinalis should be included in the R. leguminosarum species or in the "fast-growing lupin – cowpea complex." Therefore organisms nodulating G. orientalis and G. officinalis were studied using cross nodulation, DNA homology, and phage typing. No cross-nodulation relationship between the Galega rhizobia and rhizobial strains from the major taxonomic groups was found. The mean relative DNA homology of 10 strains of Rhizobium nodulating Galega with reference DNA from strain HAMBI 540, which forms effective nodules on G. orientalis, was 77 ± 9%, compared with 19 ± 6% for 20 strains from other host plants. The Galega rhizobia formed a unique phage-typing group, not related to the major groups of fast growers, in agreement with the DNA homology and cross-nodulation results. These data indicate that the Galega rhizobia form a specific taxonomic group within the genus Rhizobium.

scholarly journals The pitfalls of biodiversity proxies: Differences in richness patterns of birds, trees and understudied diversity across Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila D. Ritter ◽  
Søren Faurby ◽  
Dominic J. Bennett ◽  
Luciano N. Naka ◽  
Hans ter Steege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Richness Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractMost knowledge on biodiversity derives from the study of charismatic macro-organisms, such as birds and trees. However, the diversity of micro-organisms constitutes the majority of all life forms on Earth. Here, we ask if the patterns of richness inferred for macro-organisms are similar for micro-organisms. For this, we barcoded samples of soil, litter and insects from four localities on a west-to-east transect across Amazonia. We quantified richness as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in those samples using three molecular markers. We then compared OTU richness with species richness of two relatively well-studied organism groups in Amazonia: trees and birds. We find that OTU richness shows a declining west-to-east diversity gradient that is in agreement with the species richness patterns documented here and previously for birds and trees. These results suggest that most taxonomic groups respond to the same overall diversity gradients at large spatial scales. However, our results show a different pattern of richness in relation to habitat types, suggesting that the idiosyncrasies of each taxonomic group and peculiarities of the local environment frequently override large-scale diversity gradients. Our findings caution against using the diversity distribution of one taxonomic group as an indication of patterns of richness across all groups.

scholarly journals Polarimetric survey of main-belt asteroids

2019 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. A42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. López-Sisterna ◽  
E. García-Migani ◽  
R. Gil-Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Separation Distance ◽  
Polarization Curves ◽  
Asteroid Belt ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Main Belt ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Electrostatic Mechanism

Aims. We present the results of a polarimetric survey of main-belt asteroids at Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO), San Juan, Argentina. The aims of this survey are to increase the database of asteroid polarimetry and to estimate the diversity in the polarimetric properties of asteroids. Methods. The survey began in 1995 and a second period began in 2013 using the CASPOL polarimeter with a more sensitive detector to study small asteroids, families, and special taxonomic groups. The data were obtained using this instrument at the 2.15 m telescope of CASLEO. Results. We present 128 observations for 82 asteroids of different taxonomic types. These results revealed phase-polarization curves and polarimetric parameters for 20 asteroids, amounting to a total of 135 objects with sufficient good data in the Catalogue of Asteroid Polarization Curves. Using the values obtained for the objects with a taxonomic classification, we obtained the mean polarimetric parameters for 19 taxonomic types and the Barbarians. The asteroids with large mean scatter separation distances have a minimum of the phase-polarization curve greater than − 1%, slopes at the inversion angle of less than 0.12−0.15% per degree, and perihelion distances 1.8 < q < 2.5 au; these measurements indicate the asteroids could have high or moderate albedos and that they are objects with perihelia in the inner asteroid belt. These large mean scatter separation distance values could be the result of an electrostatic mechanism acting on the small grains of the regolith, a manifestation of a coherent backscattering mechanism, or the result of a surface formed by a mixture of dark and bright particles.

scholarly journals Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Clustering Taxa through Vocalizations in a Neotropical Passerine (Rough-Legged Tyrannulet, Phyllomyias burmeisteri)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Parra-Hernández ◽  
Jorge I. Posada-Quintero ◽  
Orlando Acevedo-Charry ◽  
Hugo F. Posada-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction Techniques ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Source Of Information

Vocalizations from birds are a fruitful source of information for the classification of species. However, currently used analyses are ineffective to determine the taxonomic status of some groups. To provide a clearer grouping of taxa for such bird species from the analysis of vocalizations, more sensitive techniques are required. In this study, we have evaluated the sensitivity of the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) technique for grouping the vocalizations of individuals of the Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias burmeisteri complex. Although the existence of two taxonomic groups has been suggested by some studies, the species has presented taxonomic difficulties in classification in previous studies. UMAP exhibited a clearer separation of groups than previously used dimensionality-reduction techniques (i.e., principal component analysis), as it was able to effectively identify the two taxa groups. The results achieved with UMAP in this study suggest that the technique can be useful in the analysis of species with complex in taxonomy through vocalizations data as a complementary tool including behavioral traits such as acoustic communication.

Taxonomic status of Clematis acerifolia var. elobata, based on molecular evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUANG-XI YAN ◽  
HUI-JIE LIU ◽  
LE-LE LIN ◽  
SHUAI LIAO ◽  
JIN-YU LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

The morphologically based taxonomic status of Clematis acerifolia var. elobata has been controversial. This study used two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and six plastid (rps16, rpl16, accD, trnS-trnG, atpB-rbcL, and trnV-atpE) molecular markers, and a DNA barcoding analysis to address the taxonomic status of C. acerifolia var. elobata and the relationship among other Clematis species. Our results showed that the discrimination power of ITS, ETS, and atpB-rbcL was better than that of the other tested DNA regions. When all tested sequences combined, most of the sampled taxa were resolved. Though the two taxa are closely related, they have differentiated clearly and formed two clades respectively. The mean divergence of the two taxa was 0.78%, which was higher than closely related Clematis species such as C. heracleifolia and C. pinnata (0.50 %). Considering molecular divergence, morphological differences, and distribution area, we raised C. acerifolia var. elobata to species level.

scholarly journals Bioecology of Anastrepha alveata Stone (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with wild plum fruits Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1025-1030
Author(s):  
Almerinda Amélia Rodrigues Araújo ◽  
Raimunda Nonata Santos Lemos ◽  
José Ribamar Gusmão Araújo ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ramalho Silva ◽  
Solange Maria França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
Rational Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Males

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are considered important pests of fruticulture due to considerable losses to production and limitation to free transit of fresh fruits. A generalist species is cresature that can live or feed on a wide variety of environemnts or host plants. Although, Anastrepha is a generalist species but infests a small range of plants. The specificity of this species with host plants is a peculiar characteristic of genus Anastrepha. Therefore, it is important to understand the host species and its feeding behaviour on host plants. This way, we will better know its ecology, biology and evolution for rational control ways and measures. Therefore, this study aimed at understanding the biology of Anastrepha alveata Stone (Diptera: Tephritidae). A study was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions (27 ± 2°C temperature, 70 ± 5% RH, photoperiod 12 hours) during the period from November/2015 to October/2017. Anastrepha alveata adults were obtained from wild plum fruits Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae), collected from Savanna area in two fructification periods. One-hundred and fifty Anastrepha alveata adults were collected (60 females and 90 males) to determine sexual maturity, mating behavior, fecundity and longevity. The sexual maturity for Anastrepha alveata was 8-13 days after emergence for females. At this age they emitted signal of acceptance for mating and copulation. For males, 5-7 days after emergence this mating signals was given, which was characterized by the protrusion of the lateral abdominal pleural glands. The mating rhythm of Anastrepha alveata was crepuscular/nocturnal, beginning around 6 p.m. and extending to/after 9 p.m. Anastrepha alveata females did not mate with more than one male but mated more than once. The number of males did not affect significantly the mating time, the number of eggs and the longevity of Anastrepha alveata. The mean pupal period for Anastrepha alveata was 17.5 days. Two preferential peaks for adult emergence were observed at 10:00 am and 03:00 pm. The longevity of the adult insects was greater than 300 days, surviving until the fructification of its host (wild plum) in the following year. Therefore, A. alveata has a strictly monophagous food habit associated with the Ximenia americana host.

The distribution of phytoplankton along trophic gradients and its mediation by available light in the pelagic zone of large eutrophic lakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Xiaoli Shi ◽  
Fanxiang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Lake Management ◽  
Pelagic Zone ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

We describe the pattern and the principal factors affecting the phytoplankton biomass–nutrient relationship in the pelagic zone of large lakes. The results showed that the phytoplankton abundance and biomass of Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta, and Pyrrophyta were significantly correlated with trophic states. The total phosphorus (TP)–biomass relationship curves showed that the increment of biomass with TP is weak at high TP levels. The decrease in biomass at the high end of the curves might be a synthesis of the pattern of responses of the major taxonomic groups (except cyanobacteria) to environmental variables. Light limitation might be one of the important factors causing the decrease in the TP–biomass curve at high TP concentrations. If the mean underwater available light is lower than ∼250 µmol photons·m–2·s–1, clear-water species decline and cyanobacteria become dominant. The responses to available light of these key species play a central role in modulating the biomass–nutrient relationship. Our results contribute to the understanding of this relationship in the pelagic zone of large eutrophic lakes and have important practical implications for lake management.

Studies on the Anatomical Structure of Fast-Growing Toona ciliate

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 1963-1966
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Zhen Zhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Tissue Proportion

In this paper, anatomical characters and tissue proportion of fast-growing Toona ciliata samples from Guangzhou was investigated assisted with the light microscope and image analysis system based on the principle of stereology. Qualitative and quantitative data were presented for purposes of identification. Results showed that fast growing T. ciliata was coarse texture with wide growth ring of 3~5cm.The ray proportion was 12.12%-25.56%, the mean value was 17.98%, increasing with time-dependent relevance. The vessel-elements proportion was 6.37%-10.00%, the mean value was 7.40%, increasing then declining and finally increasing. The fiber and other tissue proportion was 67.06%-79.92%, the mean value was 74.62%, declining by year.

scholarly journals Compared nymphal development of Tingis americana (Hemiptera, Tingidae) in two Handroanthus species (Bignoniaceae) and reproductive parameters in seedlings of Handroanthus heptaphyllus

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane C. Moreira ◽  
Luiza R. Redaelli ◽  
Marcus Guidoti ◽  
Aline Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
First Record ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Nymphs and adults of Tingis americana Drake, 1922 were found feeding on leaves of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos and Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex A. DC.) Mattos in the Botanic Garden, Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is the first record of T. americana on these host plants and in the southern Brazil. We aimed to compare the nymphal development on both hosts and to analyze the reproductive parameters on H. heptaphyllus (25 ± 1ºC; 60 ± 10% RH; 16 h photophase). The mean nymphal period (days) was shorter in individuals reared on H. heptaphyllus (12.69 ± 0.076) than on H. chrysotrichus (19.11 ± 0.208) (P < 0.0001), however, nymph viability was similar. On H. heptaphyllus, the mean embryonic period lasted 12.32 ± 0.274 days and the egg viability was 92%. The mean total and daily fecundity were 310.0 ± 19.40 eggs/female and 7.46 ± 0.302 eggs/female/day, respectively. Paired males and females showed similar longevity (P = 0.0691), while unpaired females lived longer than unpaired males (P = 0.0460).

scholarly journals Duration of life-cycle of three parasitic hymenoptera on Saissetia oleαe (Bernard) growing on two different host plants.

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
M.V. Macropodi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Correlation Equation ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Release Area ◽  
The Mean

In this work the duration of the life-cycle of Metaphycus helvolus (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage), Μetaphycus affinis stanley (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage) and Μetaphycus lounsburyi (How.) (parasite mainly on the fourth stage) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on S. οleae, developed on different substrates, i.e. potato sprouts and plants of Nerium oleander, under laboratory conditions was determined. Among the Hymenoptera parasitizing S. oleae on Corfu, M, helvolus and M. lounsburyi, are of particular importance M. affinis stanley was introduced in Corfu in 1976 and despite the fact that the population of S. οleae in the release area was practically eliminated from other factors shortly after the release of the parasite, there is evidence that the parasite was finally established. The above parasites can be successfully reared on S. οleae developed both on potato sprouts and Nerium oleander. The study was carried out at 23±1°C, 65-70% R.H. and 12 hours of artificial light per day. For each species, 3 potato sprouts and three plants of Nerium oleander in pots infested with S. οleae were placed in each 60X30X40 cm cage. The host insects were oviposited in by adult parasites introduced into the cages and left there for two days. The number of emerging adult parasites in each cage was recorded daily (a total number of adults emerged per cage varied from 23 to 195) and the time taken for 50% emergence was calculated from the correlation equation by plotting the cumulative percentage of adults emerged against time. For M. helvolus the mean duration time of the life cycle was estimated to be 19.4 days on scales developed on potato sprouts and 15.1 days on scales developed on N. oleander. For M. affinis stanley the relevant estimates were 18.8 days and 23.4 days, respectively, while for M. lounsburvi the estimates were 21.3 and 18.6 days, respectively. For M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi the duration of the life cycle was shorter when the host insect developed on Nerium plants than on potato sprouts. For M. affinis stanley the reverse was true. These differences show the effect of the host of S. oleae on the time of development of the parasites, possibly reflecting the differences of the scale insect developed on different hosts as food quality for the parasites.

DNA metabarcode choice and design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Taberlet ◽  
Aurélie Bonin ◽  
Lucie Zinger ◽  
Eric Coissac
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Software Suite ◽  
Resolution Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Primer Annealing ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Ideal

Chapter “DNA metabarcode choice and design” develops the properties of the ideal metabarcode in a given context, including conservation of the primer annealing regions and resolution power across the target taxonomic group of interest. It also highlights the experimental constraints influencing the choice of a metabarcode in practice. A detailed tutorial illustrates how to design and test metabarcoding primers in silico with the programs ecoPrimers, ecoPCR, and the software suite OBITools. Command lines and example files are provided to design and test universal metabarcoding primers for Bacteria. Chapter 2 also gives statistics about the taxonomic resolution and primer conservation of more than 60 metabarcodes available for DNA metabarcoding analysis of a wide range of taxonomic groups.

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