scholarly journals Bioecology of Anastrepha alveata Stone (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with wild plum fruits Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1025-1030
Author(s):  
Almerinda Amélia Rodrigues Araújo ◽  
Raimunda Nonata Santos Lemos ◽  
José Ribamar Gusmão Araújo ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ramalho Silva ◽  
Solange Maria França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
Rational Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Males

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are considered important pests of fruticulture due to considerable losses to production and limitation to free transit of fresh fruits. A generalist species is cresature that can live or feed on a wide variety of environemnts or host plants. Although, Anastrepha is a generalist species but infests a small range of plants. The specificity of this species with host plants is a peculiar characteristic of genus Anastrepha. Therefore, it is important to understand the host species and its feeding behaviour on host plants. This way, we will better know its ecology, biology and evolution for rational control ways and measures. Therefore, this study aimed at understanding the biology of Anastrepha alveata Stone (Diptera: Tephritidae). A study was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions (27 ± 2°C temperature, 70 ± 5% RH, photoperiod 12 hours) during the period from November/2015 to October/2017. Anastrepha alveata adults were obtained from wild plum fruits Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae), collected from Savanna area in two fructification periods. One-hundred and fifty Anastrepha alveata adults were collected (60 females and 90 males) to determine sexual maturity, mating behavior, fecundity and longevity. The sexual maturity for Anastrepha alveata was 8-13 days after emergence for females. At this age they emitted signal of acceptance for mating and copulation. For males, 5-7 days after emergence this mating signals was given, which was characterized by the protrusion of the lateral abdominal pleural glands. The mating rhythm of Anastrepha alveata was crepuscular/nocturnal, beginning around 6 p.m. and extending to/after 9 p.m. Anastrepha alveata females did not mate with more than one male but mated more than once. The number of males did not affect significantly the mating time, the number of eggs and the longevity of Anastrepha alveata. The mean pupal period for Anastrepha alveata was 17.5 days. Two preferential peaks for adult emergence were observed at 10:00 am and 03:00 pm. The longevity of the adult insects was greater than 300 days, surviving until the fructification of its host (wild plum) in the following year. Therefore, A. alveata has a strictly monophagous food habit associated with the Ximenia americana host.

Variation within and between Rivers in Adult Size and Sea Age at Maturity of Anadromous Brown Trout, Salmo trutta

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Henning L'Abée-Lund
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

I compared adult size and sea age at sexual maturity among nine populations of anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta, in two Norwegian rivers to determine the extent of inter- and intrariverine variations. Variation in the mean length of spawners and in the mean sea age at sexual maturity were mainly dependent on the variations found within rather than between rivers. Mean lengths and mean age at maturity of males increased significantly with increasing altitude of the spawning area and with migration distance in freshwater. In females, positive significant correlations were found with mean lengths and altitude of the spawning area and with mean sea age at maturity and both spawning site altitude and migration distance. Mean lengths and ages of males and females were not significantly correlated with the rate of water discharge in the streams during spawning. The size of gravel substrate for spawning was of minor importance in explaining interpopulation variation in mean female size. The increase noted in mean length and in mean sea age at maturity of both males and females is probably an adaptation to greater energy expenditure to reach the uppermost natal spawning areas.

scholarly journals Reproductive Biology of Round Sardinella (Sardinella Aurita) (Valenciennes, 1847) in Senegalese Coastal Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ismaïla NDIAYE ◽  
Alassane SARR ◽  
Alioune FAYE ◽  
Modou THIAW ◽  
Malick DIOUF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Relative Fecundity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sardinella Aurita ◽  
Somatic Index

In this study, a total of 1068 specimens Sardinella aurita of which 553 females and 515 males were examined. The objectif of this study was to determine the reproductive parameters of Sardinella aurita. The sex ratio was significantly in favor of females (55%). The size at first sexual maturity was estimated at 18.9 cm for females and 18.0 cm for males. The monthly variation of sexual maturity stages and gonado-somatic index (GSI) allowed to locate the reproduction periods from February to June and from September to December. The mean absolute fecundity was estimated at 110.794 ± 7582 oocytes whereas relative fecundity was about 422 ± 26 oocytes per gram of female.

scholarly journals Biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatuson Anastrepha fraterculus larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrise Medeiros Nunes ◽  
Dori Edson Nava ◽  
Fernanda Appel Müller ◽  
Rafael da Silva Gonçalves ◽  
Mauro Silveira Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasitoid Development

The objective of this work was to study the biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatus on larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus. The egg-adult period, the sex ratio, the longevity, the pupal viability, and the parasitism rate of D. areolatus were determined in laboratory, using A. fraterculus as host. The parasitoid development from oviposition to adult emergence required 25.00±1.70 days, the sex ratio was 0.62±0.09, and the mean longevity was 16.36±3.62 days for males and 10.24±1.71 days for females. The mean parasitism rate was 53.50±8.93%, varying from 41.60 to 68.60%, which shows the potential of this parasitoid for biological control of A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals Analysis of the use and adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A pilot study

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Peric ◽  
Marija Toskic-Radojicic
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Antiulcer Drugs ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Number Of Males

Background/Aim. The use and adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in outpatients with rheumatic diseases has not yet been studied enough. The aim of this study was to evaluate the data about the efficacy and safety of NSAIDs obtained from the questionnaires submitted to the outpatients receiving these drugs. Methods. The patients who had been prescribed any of NSAIDs within the period from June to September, 2004 were included in the study. The answers obtained from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed by means of ?2-test. Results. At the time of the study, 150 patients had been prescribed ibuprofen or some other NSAID. Out of the total number of dispensed questionnaires (n = 150), only 45 (30%) were shown to be correctly filled-in. Their analysis showed that 64.4% of the patients had suffered from rheumatic diseases for more than five years, and had regularly used NSAIDs. The average age of these patients was about 70 years, and the number of females was double as high as that of the males. The most frequently used NSAIDs were diclofenac and ibuprofen (46.14%, and 23.24%, respectively). According to the answers given by the patients, the most often adverse reactions were gastric complaints such as nausea (11.1%), and stomach pain (8.9%). Due to this, the majority of the patients (64.4%) used some of the antiulcer drugs, most often ranitidine (31.1%). Conclusion. The results of this pilot study revealed that among the outpatients suffering from rheumatic diseases, the number of females was double as high as the number of males, that these patients were of the mean age of 70 years, and that their diseases lasted longer than five years. Gastric complains such as nausea and gastric pain of mild intensity were the most often adverse effects of NSAIDs reported by our patients. It could be the consequence of the predominant use of diclofenac and ibuprofen, NSAIDs with mild to moderate ulcerogenic potential, as well as the concomitant use of H2-receptor antagonists.

scholarly journals The Study on Age of Menarche in Girls in the Buldana District of Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Suresh Adhao ◽  
Raju Ramesh Thenge ◽  
Prashan Vishnu Ajmire
Keyword(s):  
Food Habit ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
School Education ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Residential Status ◽  
Early Menarche ◽  
School Girls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Of Menarche

The present study was designed to determine the age at which menarche occurs among school girls in Buldana district of Maharashtra state, India. A survey was conducted among 488 girls by writing the questionnaire from schools in the selected area. Respondents completed a questionnaire that recorded age at first menstruation by the recall, residential status, type of education, and diet/food habit. The mean age at menarche was 13.44 ± 0.75 years. Most girls (72.95%) of the respondents were found of normal age menarche (12–14 years), 27.05% of late-type menarche (> 14 years), and 0% were of early menarche (less than 12 years). Our study suggests an influence of school education, residential area, and diet/food habit on menarcheal age.

scholarly journals Sexual Maturity in Adolescents Suffering from Sickle Cell Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Shah ◽  
Akash Patel ◽  
Praful Bambharoliya ◽  
Jigisha Patadia
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited chronic haemolytic anaemia. The diseased person suffers from various complications such as anaemia, frequent infection, fever, hand-foot syndrome, stroke, etc. Puberty changes includes the appearance of the secondary sexual characteristics, increase in height, change in body composition and development of reproductive capacity. Aim: To study the sexual maturity and effect of multiple blood transfusions in adolescents suffering from SCD. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 35 adolescents of age group 11 to 15 years, suffering from SCD. Study was conducted over a period of six months from March 2018 to September 2018 at Department of Paediatrics. SCD was diagnosed by Haemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis. Weight and height were measured of all the participants. For assessing the sexual maturity, Tanners staging was used. Unpaired t-test was done for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 13.03±1.7 years. There were 25 males and 10 females. The mean age of male patients between Tanner stage 2(14.63±0.52 years) and Tanner stage 3 (14.75±0.5 years) was significantly higher than the Indian data for males (11.3 and 12.8 years, respectively). The mean age of female patients between Tanner stages 2 (13.5±2.12 years) and Tanner stage 3 (14.33±1.16 years) was higher than the Indian reference data for girls (10.2 and 11.6 years respectively). Conclusion: This study concluded that adolescents with SCD were significantly shorter in height and weight than the standard reference population. Sexual maturity is delayed in adolescents with sickle cell anaemia.

scholarly journals Temporal isolation between sympatric host plants cascades across multiple trophic levels of host-associated insects

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 20190572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyi Zhang ◽  
Glen R. Hood ◽  
James R. Ott ◽  
Scott P. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Ephemeral Resources

Phenological differences between host plants can promote temporal isolation among host-associated populations of insects with life cycles tightly coupled to plant phenology. Divergence in the timing of spring budbreak between two sympatric sister oak species has been shown to promote temporal isolation between host plants and their host-associated populations of a cynipid gall wasp. Here, we examined the generality of this mechanism by testing the hypothesis of cascading temporal isolation for five additional gall-formers and three natural enemy species associated with these same oak species. The timing of adult emergence from galls differed significantly between host-associated populations for all nine species and parallels the direction of the phenological differences between host plants. Differences in emergence timing can reduce gene flow between host-associated populations by diminishing mating opportunities and/or reducing the fitness of immigrants due to differences in the availability of ephemeral resources. Our study suggests that cascading temporal isolation could be a powerful ‘biodiversity generator’ across multiple trophic levels in tightly coupled plant–insect systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Immediately-After-Birth Weaning on the Development of Goat Kids Born to Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Positive Dams

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalbert ◽  
Czopowicz ◽  
Szaluś-Jordanow ◽  
Moroz ◽  
Mickiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

A longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the influence of two different rearing systems of young kids on their development to sexual maturity. Kids born to small ruminant lentiviruses-infected (SRLV) female goats were split into two groups: the immediately-after-birth weaned group and the unweaned group. Kids’ body weight (BWT) was measured before the first consumption of colostrum, and then at the age of one week, and one, two, four, and seven months. The relationship between the rearing system and BWT at each age was investigated using mixed linear models adjusted for potential confounders. The mean BWT of kids of the immediately-after-birth weaned group was significantly lower at the age of one week, one month, and two months, and then the difference became insignificant. The mean daily body weight gain (DWG) was significantly lower in the immediately-after-birth weaned group during the whole first month of life, but then DWG in both groups became equal. Crude mortality rate did not differ significantly between groups. This study shows that weaning kids immediately after birth does not appear to have any negative impact on kids’ development except transient growth retardation, which is fully compensated until they reach sexual maturity.

Cycle de développement, croissance et production de Pisidium amnicum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) dans le Saint-Laurent (Québec)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2350-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vincent ◽  
G. Vaillancourt ◽  
N. Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
St Lawrence River

The population dynamics of Pisidium amnicum have been studied in one population of the St. Lawrence River over a 2-year period during which 19 samples were taken. The species can live up to 3 years and it is iteroparous; individuals generally attain sexual maturity after 1 year and they reproduce twice, once at 2 and once at 3 years of age. In adults, mortality is lower in winter than during the rest of the year and mortality rates are twice as high during the 1st year than during the 2nd year. Total dry weight (PT, in milligrams) is related to maximum length (L, in millimetres) according to the equation PT = 0.0283∙L3,80 and flesh dry weight (PC, in milligrams) is related to length as follows: PC = 0.007∙L3,18. The annual production to mean biomass (P/B) ratio is 1.4, the mean annual production being 1.298 mg/m2 of total dry weight and 107 mg/m2 of flesh weight. Comparing these results with those obtained for the gastropod Bithynia tentaculata in the same environment and at the same period of the year has shown that the growth of Pisidium amnicum is far less influenced by the temperature regime than that of the other species and that its production is at least 10 times lower.

AN UPPER BOUNDARY FOR THE SEX RATIO IN A HAPLODIPLOID INSECT

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1399-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Aphid Parasite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Limiting Value ◽  
Upper Boundary

AbstractMated females of the aphid parasite Aphidius smithi produced only unfertilized eggs (i.e. sons) for the first 2–3 h after copulation and a variable proportion of fertilized eggs (i.e. daughters) thereafter. As a result, the mean proportion of daughters among the offspring of single females was always less than unity, even in a highly favourable environment; the limiting value of the sex ratio was estimated at approximately 85% females. An argument is presented that in haplodiploid species with a variable and environmentally controlled sex ratio a male-producing mechanism is required to ensure the production of a sufficient number of males for the fertilization of all females.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document