Proposed virulence factors among coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from two healthy populations

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry M. Baddour ◽  
David L. Smalley ◽  
Michelle M. Hill ◽  
Gordon D. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Plate Method

Proposed virulence factors, including multiple antibiotic resistance and slime-mediated adherence, among coagulase-negative staphylococci colonizing healthy individuals from two different study populations were examined. Resistance to methicillin was more commonly seen than initially anticipated. In addition, adherence characteristics, as quantitated by a microtiter plate method, were very similar to those of strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci causing nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Angela França ◽  
Vânia Gaio ◽  
Nathalie Lopes ◽  
Luís D. R. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Pathogens

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as major pathogens in healthcare-associated facilities, being S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and, more recently, S. lugdunensis, the most clinically relevant species. Despite being less virulent than the well-studied pathogen S. aureus, the number of CoNS strains sequenced is constantly increasing and, with that, the number of virulence factors identified in those strains. In this regard, biofilm formation is considered the most important. Besides virulence factors, the presence of several antibiotic-resistance genes identified in CoNS is worrisome and makes treatment very challenging. In this review, we analyzed the different aspects involved in CoNS virulence and their impact on health and food.

Occurrence of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Pacific Mackerel at Markets in Zhejiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411-1419
Author(s):  
JIEHONG FANG ◽  
HUI CHENG ◽  
TING YU ◽  
HAN JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pacific Mackerel

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a widespread bacterium in the marine environment and is one of the leading causes of food-derived bacterial poisoning in humans worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence factors, and antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in Pacific mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) from different markets in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. In total, 112 (31.11%) V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified from 360 Pacific mackerel samples, with an extremely low occurrence of the virulence genes trh (1.79%, 2 of 112) and tdh (0%, 0 of 112). Antibiotic resistance testing revealed that most isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (96.43%, 108 of 112) and streptomycin (90.18%, 101 of 112), whereas all strains were sensitive to kanamycin, florfenicol, cefamandole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Furthermore, 46.43% (52 of 112) of isolates, which had 12 different phenotypes, were classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the multiple antibiotic resistance index values of isolates were between 0.05 and 0.63, and the maximum multiple antibiotic resistance index was attributed to two isolates that exhibited resistance to 12 antibiotics. Heavy metal resistance patterns were similar among the six different markets. The majority of isolates showed resistance to Cd2+ (78.57%) and Pb2+ (51.79%), and fewer were resistant to Cu2+ (37.50%), Zn2+ (25.00%), Co2+ (9.82%), Ni2+ (6.25%), and Mn2+ (4.46%). No isolates were resistant to Cr3+. In total, 22.32% (25 of 112) of strains were multiheavy metal resistant. Furthermore, multidrug resistance and multiheavy metal resistance were found to be positively correlated in the V. parahaemolyticus strains by using Pearson's correlation analysis (P = 0.008; R = 0.925). This information will contribute to the monitoring of variations in the antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus strains from seafood and provide insight into the appropriate use of antibiotics and the safe consumption of seafood. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Species identification, antibiotic sensitivity and slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Deighton ◽  
J. C. Franklin ◽  
W. J. Spicer ◽  
B. Balkau
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Slime Production ◽  
Common Skin

SUMMARYTwo hundred and seventy-five consecutive clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, including strains associated with disease, contaminants and skin colonizers, were speciated, tested for slime production and for their sensitivity to a range of antibiotics.Staphylococcus epidermidiswas the most commonly identified species, comprising 63% of all isolates. Slime production was detected in half the strains ofStaph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticusandStaph. Saprophyticusbut was rare in other species. MostStaph. haemolyticusstrains and approximately half of theStaph. epidermidisstrains were resistant to five or more antibiotics. A significant association was found between slime production and multiple antibiotic resistance. For catheter-associated strains, clinical relevance was predictable by species i.e.Staph. epidermidis. Multi-resistant slime-positiveStaph. haemolyticusstrains, although infrequently associated with disease, were common skin colonizers, presumably acquired from the hospital environment. We describe a practical and inexpensive scheme for thespeciation of human coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates.

scholarly journals Species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci from urinary tract isolates

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F John ◽  
P K Gramling ◽  
N M O'Dell
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Urinary Isolates

A new scheme for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci was applied to 138 consecutive urinary isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The most common species were Staphylococcus epidermidis (53%), S. hominis (12%), and S. haemolyticus (10%). S. saprophyticus comprised only 5%. The disk method for antibiotic susceptibility for all species grouped together disclosed resistance most commonly to penicillin (35%), tetracycline (33%), methicillin (27%), and sulfonamide (24%). This pattern was also seen specifically with S. epidermidis. Further studies are needed to determine the incidence of species-specific antibiotic resistance and species-specific infection by site. This may be of particular interest in those patients with nosocomial infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.

scholarly journals The Species Composition of Microbiota and Biological Properties of Dominant Bacterial Species in the Lacrimal Fluid in Patients with Endogenous Uveites

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-913
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Konkova ◽  
E. S. Horowitz ◽  
T. V. Gavrilova ◽  
M. V. Chereshneva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Lacrimal Fluid ◽  
Persistence Factors ◽  
Endogenous Uveitis

The purpose: to study the species composition of the lacrimal fluid microbiota in patients with endogenous uveitis and the biological properties of dominant species of bacteria.Patients and Methods. A bacteriological study of the lacrimal fluid of 107 patients (114 eyes) with endogenous uveitis and 28 practically healthy persons (control) was carried out. The research was performed using the conventional methods. The isolated microorganisms were identified up to the species. We studied the main biological properties of bacteria — the presence of persistence and virulence factors of isolated dominant species.The results. 43 strains of various types of bacteria were isolated from the lacrimal fluid of patients with uveitis, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus prevailed, S. aureus was isolated in 23.3 % of cases, and the remaining strains were representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The species composition of the bacteria isolated from practically healthy individuals did not differ in essence. Isolated strains of S. aureus had a significant set of virulence factors. All isolates lysed sheep red blood cells, 80 % of the cultures had lecithovitellase and 60 % — DNA-se activity. Representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci were characterized only by hemolytic activity. In the study of persistence factors, it was found that all the studied strains of S. aureus and the vast majority of representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from tears were resistant to lysozyme. Biofilm formation was more typical for S. aureus strains 90 % versus 34.4 % for representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci (t = 2.194, p = 0.034). Similar patterns were found in relation to complement resistance, 90 % of S. aureus cultures and 37.5 % of coagulase-negative staphylococci (t = 2.055; p = 0.046).Conclusion. Among the microorganisms isolated from the lacrimal fluid, Staphylococcus bacteria prevailed, from which S. cohnii was most often isolated. S. aureus to a greater extent than coagulase-negative staphylococci had a certain set of virulence and persistence factors. The microbiocenosis of the lacrimal fluid of patients with endogenous uveitis did not differ from practically healthy individuals. The presence of S. aureus in lacrimal fluid is a risk factor for the development of endogenous uveitis in cases of chronic oral and ENT organ diseases.

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from ready-to-eat meat products

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Podkowik ◽  
J. Bystroń ◽  
J. Bania
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Genes Encoding

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from ready-to-eat meat products Prevalence of mecA, blaZ, tetO/K/M, ermA/B/C, aph, and vanA/B/C/D genes conferring resistance to oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin was investigated in 65 staphylococcal isolates belonging to twelve species obtained from ready-to-eat porcine, bovine, and chicken products. All coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and S. aureus isolates harbored at least one antibiotic resistance gene. None of the S. aureus possessed more than three genes, while 25% of the CNS isolates harbored at least four genes encoding resistance to clinically used antibiotics. In 15 CNS isolates the mecA gene was detected, while all S. aureus isolates were mecA-negative. We demonstrate that in ready-to-eat food the frequency of CNS harboring multiple antibiotic resistance genes is higher than that of multiple resistant S. aureus, meaning that food can be considered a reservoir of bacteria containing genes potentially contributing to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in staphylococci.

scholarly journals Investigation on Antibiotic-Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in Multi Drug Resistant and Non Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
Joel F. Soares Filipe ◽  
Lorenzo Drago ◽  
Piera A. Martino
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Commensal Bacterium ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Human Agent

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal bacterium frequently isolated from canine skin and recognized as a zoonotic agent especially for dog-owners. This study focused on (a) the antibiotic-resistance phenotypes; (b) the ability to produce biofilm (slime); and (c) the dissemination of virulence factors in S. pseudintermedius strains. Seventy-three S. pseudintermedius strains were screened for antibiotic-resistance against 22 different molecules by means of Kirby-Bauer assay. The ability to produce biofilm was investigated using the microtiter plate assay (MtP) and the amplification of icaA and icaD genes. Virulence factors such as cytotoxins (lukI), enterotoxins (seC), and exfoliative toxins (siet, expA, and expB) were evaluated. The antibiotic-resistance profiles revealed 42/73 (57%) multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and 31/73 (43%) not-MDR. All the MDR strains and 8/31 (27%) of not-MDR resulted in biofilm producers. Leukotoxin LukI was found in 70/73 (96%) of the isolates. Moreover, the enterotoxin gene seC was detected in 47/73 (64%) of the strains. All the isolates carried the siet gene, whereas expA and expB were found in 3/73 (4%) and 5/73 (7%), respectively. In conclusion, S. pseudintermedius should be considered a potential zoonotic and human agent able to carry different virulence determinants and capable of producing biofilm which facilitates horizontal gene transfer.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public hospitals of northeastern Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 374-383
Author(s):  
Eliab M González-Olvera ◽  
Rebeca Pérez-Morales ◽  
Alberto González Zamora ◽  
Graciela Castro-Escarpulli ◽  
Ingrid Palma-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Northeastern Mexico

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the second most prevalent opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections in Mexico. This study evaluated antibiotic resistance, production of virulence factors and clonal diversity of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients undergoing nosocomial infections in public hospitals of northeastern Mexico. Methodology: Ninety-two P. aeruginosa isolates from urine culture, Foley catheter, ear, wounds, respiratory tract secretions, scalp, blood culture, bronchoalveolar lavage, expectoration and cerebrospinal fluid causing nosocomial infections were analyzed. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF and antibiotic resistance profiles obtained by MicroScan®. The production of virulence factors was analyzed with spectrophotometric techniques and isolates genotyped by ERIC-PCR. Results: Out of the 92 isolates, 26 (28.2%) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR); 21 (22.7%) were classified as extremely drug resistant (XDR). Highest resistance rate was found for gatifloxacin (42%) while ciprofloxacin accounted for the antibiotic with the lowest resistance rate (2%). Bronchoalveolar lavage isolates produced the highest amounts of virulence factors: biofilm (44.4% ± 2.7%), elastase (58.5% ± 4.3%), alkaline protease (60.1% ± 5.0%); except for pyocyanin production. The ERIC-PCR assay showed 83 genetic patterns (90% clonal diversity) and 13 isolates had 100% genetic similarity, forming 4 real clones, 3 of these clones were obtained from different anatomical site and/or hospital. Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors production was heterogeneous among samples analyzed. Genotyping of P. aeruginosa strains showed high genetic diversity in the studied isolates.

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