scholarly journals Species identification, antibiotic sensitivity and slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Deighton ◽  
J. C. Franklin ◽  
W. J. Spicer ◽  
B. Balkau
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Slime Production ◽  
Common Skin

SUMMARYTwo hundred and seventy-five consecutive clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, including strains associated with disease, contaminants and skin colonizers, were speciated, tested for slime production and for their sensitivity to a range of antibiotics.Staphylococcus epidermidiswas the most commonly identified species, comprising 63% of all isolates. Slime production was detected in half the strains ofStaph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticusandStaph. Saprophyticusbut was rare in other species. MostStaph. haemolyticusstrains and approximately half of theStaph. epidermidisstrains were resistant to five or more antibiotics. A significant association was found between slime production and multiple antibiotic resistance. For catheter-associated strains, clinical relevance was predictable by species i.e.Staph. epidermidis. Multi-resistant slime-positiveStaph. haemolyticusstrains, although infrequently associated with disease, were common skin colonizers, presumably acquired from the hospital environment. We describe a practical and inexpensive scheme for thespeciation of human coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2008)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4684-4693 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
Melanie DeCorby ◽  
Heather Adam ◽  
Michael R. Mulvey ◽  
Melissa McCracken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymyxin E ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT A total of 5,282 bacterial isolates obtained between 1 January and 31 December 31 2008, inclusive, from patients in 10 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2008) underwent susceptibility testing. The 10 most common organisms, representing 78.8% of all clinical specimens, were as follows: Escherichia coli (21.4%), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; 13.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.0%), coagulase-negative staphylococci/Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.4%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; 5.1%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.1%), Enterococcus spp. (3.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.2%). MRSA comprised 27.0% (272/1,007) of all S. aureus isolates (genotypically, 68.8% of MRSA were health care associated [HA-MRSA] and 27.6% were community associated [CA-MRSA]). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli occurred in 4.9% of E. coli isolates. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 the most prevalent genotype. MRSA demonstrated no resistance to ceftobiprole, daptomycin, linezolid, telavancin, tigecycline, or vancomycin (0.4% intermediate intermediate resistance). E. coli demonstrated no resistance to ertapenem, meropenem, or tigecycline. Resistance rates with P. aeruginosa were as follows: colistin (polymyxin E), 0.8%; amikacin, 3.5%; cefepime, 7.2%; gentamicin, 12.3%; fluoroquinolones, 19.0 to 24.1%; meropenem, 5.6%; piperacillin-tazobactam, 8.0%. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype occurred frequently in P. aeruginosa (5.9%) but uncommonly in E. coli (1.2%) and K. pneumoniae (0.9%). In conclusion, E. coli, S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA), P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Enterococcus spp. are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian hospitals. The prevalence of MRSA was 27.0% (of which genotypically 27.6% were CA-MRSA), while ESBL-producing E. coli occurred in 4.9% of isolates. An MDR phenotype was common in P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals EMERGENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII IN HOSPITAL FACILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Anania Arjuna ◽  
Dinobandhu Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTObjective: Nosocomial infections or Hospital acquired infection (HAI) are one of the major threats to hospitalized patients as well as for the hospitalassociated personnel. In last few years there is a gross change in causative agents, new organisms have come out with great threat to hospitals as theypossess antibiotic resistance property e.g. production of biofilm, production of enzymes such as β- lactamases. Among many organisms, Acinetobacterbaumannii has emerged as a potent nosocomial pathogen. Our objective of this study was to find the burden of Acinetobacter baumannii infectionswhich are associated as nosocomial infections and to determine the drug of choice for an effective treatment.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected from patients of different unit of the hospital by maintaining universal precautions and standardmicrobiological protocols. All the respective specimens were cultured in respective culture medium i.e. MacConkey agar, blood agar, chocolate agar,cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar and, fluid thioglycolate (TG) medium at 37˚C for 24-48 hours. After incubation of 24-48 hours cultureplates were examined for bacterial growth and identification and antibiotic sensitivity test was made by Vitek2 compact.Result: The study was conducted at the department of microbiology from January 2016 to April 2016. A total of 2582 specimens were collected andprocessed for identification and sensitivity testing. Specimens of all age group (2 days- 93 years) and both sexes were processed for identificationof A. baumannii and antibiotic sensitivity testing. A total of 119 isolates (4.60%) of A. baumannii were obtained from 2582 clinical specimens. Themost common infection A. baumannii was found as lower respiratory tract infection (89.07%) followed by abscess (6.72%), septicaemia (2.52%),urinary tract infections (0.84%), and soft tissue infections (0.84%). The maximum sensitivity of A. baumannii isolates were seen to Colistin (CL) (119,100%), followed by Tigecycline (TGC) (63, 52.94%) and Minocycline (MIN) (27, 22.69%). The maximum resistant was observed for Imipenem (IMI),Aztreonam (AZT) and Ticarcillin- clavulanic acid (TIC) (119, 100%).Conclusion: The Gram- negative coccobacillus, Acinetobacter baumannii poses a formidable threat to patients. It has emerged as a superbug inhospital environment particularly in ICU units. The chances of A. baumannii infections increase in the presence of iatrogenic factors like inadequatelong- term antibiotic therapy and new interventions in a medical facility. To control the burden of Acinetobacter infections new therapies suchas combine therapy must be obtained and followed with proper dose as recommend by physicians; along with awareness of the importance ofthis infection should be implicated. Proper sanitation, good housekeeping, sterilization of equipment, hand hygiene, water purification, isolationprocedures and maintaining of the hospital environment, use of infection control practices are some of the measures to control the transmission ofAcinetobacter spp. among hospital personnel.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Biofilm, β-lactamases, Hospital acquired infection.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of a Vancomycin-Intermediate Heteroresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 5673-5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Chong ◽  
Caroline Quach ◽  
Ana C. Blanchard ◽  
Philippe Guillaume Poliquin ◽  
George R. Golding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have become the leading cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly in premature neonates. Vancomycin-intermediate heteroresistant CoNS (hVICoNS) have been identified as sources of BSIs worldwide, and their potential to emerge as significant pathogens in the neonatal ICU (NICU) remains uncertain. This study describes the molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of vancomycin-heteroresistant (hV)Staphylococcus epidermidiscentral-line-associated BSI (CLABSI) in a single tertiary care NICU and compares it to a second tertiary care NICU that had not been associated with an outbreak. Between November 2009 and April 2014, 119S. epidermidisCLABSIs were identified in two tertiary care NICUs in Quebec, Canada. Decreased vancomycin susceptibility was identified in about 88% of all collected strains using Etest methods. However, discrepancies were found according to the Etest and population analysis profiling–area under the concentration-time curve (PAP-AUC) methods used. All strains were susceptible to linezolid, and a few isolates were nonsusceptible to daptomycin. Great genetic diversity was observed within the collection, with 31 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns identified. The outbreak strains were all determined to be heteroresistant to vancomycin and were polyclonal. The study identified two major clones, PFGE patterns E and G, which were found in both NICUs across the 5-year study period. This suggests the persistence of highly successful clones that are well adapted to the hospital environment. hVS. epidermidisseems more common than currently realized in the NICU, and certain hVS. epidermidisclones can become endemic to the NICU. The reservoirs for these clones remain unknown at this time, and identification of the reservoirs is needed to better understand the impact of hVS. epidermidisin the NICU and to inform infection prevention strategies. In addition, there is a need to investigate and validate hV determination protocols for different species of CoNS.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Use of Hydrogel and Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Population in the Conjunctiva and Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus epidermidis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Güngördü Dalar ◽  
Güzin İskeleli ◽  
Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu ◽  
Mehmet Demirci ◽  
Penbe Çağatay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Silicone Hydrogel ◽  
Slime Production ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Before And After

Objective: The most important bacteria of the conjunctival microbiota are Staphylococcus epidermidis, diphteroid rods, Corynebacterium spp. and Cutibacterium acnes. Especially biofilm formation of S. epidermidis is very important for contact lens related infections. For this purpose, we aimed to examine the changes in the presence of biofilm-forming S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci in conjunctival swabs taken before and after lens usage in 140 patients (90 hydrogel, 50 silicone hydrogel) who were prepared to wear lenses. Methods: Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the conjunctival microbiota identified standard clinical microbiological methods, after identification of S.epidermidis strains with API Staph; Slime production was determined by Congo red agar, standard tube and molecular methods. Results: S.epidermidis was the most frequently isolated species in conjunctival microbiota before and after lens usage. Before lens usage, slime positive S. epidermidis strains were found as 45-50% but after lens usage it was 59% in hydrogel contact lens users and 70.2% in silicone hydrogel contact lens users. For the investigation of slime production, 82 (50.9%) of 161 S. epidermidis strains were found positive by using Congo red agar, 61 (37.8%) by standard tube method and 91 (56.5%) by molecular methods. Conclusion: The result of our study suggests that there are no significant changes in bacterial ratios before and after lens use, but bacteria such as S. epidermidis can predispose to infections by using slime production and contact lens factor. Also; molecular methods and Congo Red Agar method were found to be more reliable than the Standard Tube method.

scholarly journals Correlation of biofilm production with antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical specimens

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
M Swapna ◽  
G Sumathi ◽  
M Anitha
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens that cause a life-threatening infection. One of the important characteristics of P. aeruginosa is biofilm formation which leads to antibiotic resistance. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates and correlation with their biofilm-production. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates from different clinical specimens were processed and confirmed by conventional microbiological methods as per standard methodology. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done for all isolates. Biofilm producing isolates were identified by the microtiter plate method (MTPM). Results: Of 87 P. aeruginosa isolates, majority were from pus 33 (38%), followed by urine 26 (30%), sputum 19 (22%), body fluids 7 (8%), and blood 2 (2%). Biofilm producing isolates showed more resistance in comparison to non-biofilm producers. The observed difference between biofilm formation for multidrug resistant and susceptible isolates was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: MTPM method was an effective test for detection of biofilm formation and was also able to verify biofilm production by P. aeruginosa. This indicated a higher propensity among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm and revealed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. This indicates the need for testing of even susceptible isolates for virulence factors such as biofilm production.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF CLINICAL ISOLATES AT OUTPATIENT UNITIN TVER, RUSSIA: A COMPARATIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Konstantin Horak ◽  
Kirill Gorodnichev ◽  
Artem Morozov ◽  
Sergey Zhukov ◽  
Margarita Rybakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Case Record ◽  
New Era ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background Discovery of antibiotics opened a new era in the treatment of bacterial diseases. However, the microorganisms are able to adapt and resist the effects of the drugs. Objective Our study is aimed to investigate the sensitivity of clinical specimens to antibiotics. Methods Clinical samples of 280 case record forms were collected at departments of surgery, urology and otorhinolaryngology in an ambulatory clinic (Tver, Russia) during 2019. The results of microbiologically assessed isolates from pharynx, nose, ears, eyes, wounds, sputum and urine underwent statistical analysis. Results The outcomes confirmed a general trend of reduced susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. The worst result was shown by protected Amoxicillin; practically no microorganisms were sensitive to it. Protected Cephalosporins Cephalosporins of IV generation and Imipenem were among the best, although not highly sensitive to all the pathogens. Conclusion United efforts of all states are required to combat the growing antibiotic resistance. It is necessary to adhere to strict regulations on dispense of antibiotics in pharmacies and the use of antibiotics therapy

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens: an eastern Indian study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Rudrajit Paul ◽  
Jayanti Ray ◽  
Sourav Sinha ◽  
Jayati Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Resistance

Background: Resistance to antibiotics is an extremely common phenomenon in bacteria isolated from clinical material. This is a serious threat to patient care all over the world. In India, antibiotic resistance has far reaching public health consequences. In this observational study, we aimed to generate data on the prevailing pattern of antibiotic resistance from Eastern India. Methods: This was a hospital based study involving both indoor and outdoor patients. Patients with history of antibiotic use in the past 3 months were excluded. The clinical specimens (blood, urine, pus etc.) were incubated for up to 7 days under aerobic conditions before declaring them as negative. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: There were a total of 93 specimens with the majority being blood culture (n=43) and urine (n=33). Majority (n=57; 61.3%) of isolated organisms were gram negative with E. coli predominating (n=36). Of the gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus predominated (32 out of 36). 100% of isolates from urine were gram negative while for blood, 60% of the isolates were gram positive. Resistance to penicillin group and cotrimoxazole was up to 100% in certain species. For carbapenem group, resistance varied from 17 to 75%. Resistance to aminoglycosides was 75% in Pseudomonas and 85% in Klebsiella. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated very high levels of resistance to different common antibiotics in different classes of bacteria. Such data can be used for antibiotic stewardship and also to formulate antibiotic use protocols. 

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