EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS VIII. INFLUENCE OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF DIETARY PROTEIN ON NET PROTEIN UTILIZATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
Z. I. Sabry ◽  
N. T. Gridgeman ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
New Model ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Maximum Utilization ◽  
General Prediction

The relation between the percentage of dietary Calories derived from protein (P) and the corresponding net protein utilization (N.P.U. or U) was studied with various proteins of different nutritional value. At P > 40 the experimental results (from rats) did not fit the Miller–Payne linear model. A semilogarithmic plot, however, accommodated all the data, ranging from P = 10 to P = 80. The new model yields, by extrapolation, values of maximum utilization that agree well with the protein (chemical) scores. A general prediction equation is given that enables N.P.U. to be calculated from a knowledge of P and of the chemical score of the protein or protein mixture at issue.

EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS VIII. INFLUENCE OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF DIETARY PROTEIN ON NET PROTEIN UTILIZATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
Z. I. Sabry ◽  
N. T. Gridgeman ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
New Model ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Maximum Utilization ◽  
General Prediction

The relation between the percentage of dietary Calories derived from protein (P) and the corresponding net protein utilization (N.P.U. or U) was studied with various proteins of different nutritional value. At P > 40 the experimental results (from rats) did not fit the Miller–Payne linear model. A semilogarithmic plot, however, accommodated all the data, ranging from P = 10 to P = 80. The new model yields, by extrapolation, values of maximum utilization that agree well with the protein (chemical) scores. A general prediction equation is given that enables N.P.U. to be calculated from a knowledge of P and of the chemical score of the protein or protein mixture at issue.

The use of hydroxyproline analyses to predict the nutritional value of the protein in different animal tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Total Amino Acids

1. The amounts of available cystine and tyrosine in the protein of different animal tissues showed a close correlation with the level of hydroxyproline, and may be estimated from hydroxyproline values by regression equations.2. Estimates of ‘chemical score’ have been calculated from the content of hydroxyproline determined in a series of samples for which net protein utilization (NPU) for rats had also been determined. Chemical scores calculated as percentages of the total ‘essential+semiessential’ amino acid content of each material correlated closely with NPU, whereas scores calculated as percentages of total amino acids did not. ‘Methionine+cystine’ were calculated to be first limiting amino acids in every sample.

scholarly journals The N:H2O ratio in the Sprague–Dawley rat and its variation with diet under the conditions of determination of net protein utilization

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pellett
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Net Protein

1. Analytical values are presented for body nitrogen, both on a fresh and dry carcass basis, body water and N to body water ratios for rats, of various ages, of the Sprague–Dawley Strain.2. For 33- and 40-day-old animals, there were significant differences in body composition, including N:H2O ratio, between animals given a protein-free diet and those given protein at the 10% dietary level. For all age groups the N and water percentages were higher in the carcasses of animals given the non-protein diet.3. For all age groups there were significant negative correlations between the percentage of N in the dry carcass and the net dietary protein value (NDpv) of the diet. For 33-, 37- and 40-day old animals there were significant negative correlations between the N content of the fresh carcass and the NDpv of the diet. For 33-day-old animals only, the correlation between N:H2O ratio and NDpv was also highly significant.4. Body N values calculated from N:H2O ratio and from N:body-weight ratio were compared. At all ages, an equally good prediction was obtained from the N:body-weight ration as from the N:H2O ratio provided that the correct factors were used for animals given the non-protein and test diets.

Protein utilization in rats receiving a low-protein diet with various limiting amino acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rafalski ◽  
E. JabŁOŃski ◽  
Teresa Switoniak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Maize Protein ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Net Protein

1. A study was made of protein utilization in rats given a variety of low-protein diets containing (g/kg) egg albumin 18, casein 49, gluten 50, or mixtures of either maize protein and gelatine 58, or casein and gelatin 37, each with supplemental methionine. The diets were limiting in leucine, tryptophan or lysine, or in both tryptophan and the sulphur-containing amino acids.2. Values obtained for net protein utilization (npu) at these low levels of nitrogen intake were markedly higher than the amino acid score calculated for the different test proteins, except with casein for which the two values were similar. The npu values agreed more closely with chemical score values based on the content of S-amino acids or isoleucine in the dietary protein.

scholarly journals Spiny-Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), as an Alternative Food Source

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Natalia Śmietana ◽  
Remigiusz Panicz ◽  
Małgorzata Sobczak ◽  
Przemysław Śmietana ◽  
Arkadiusz Nędzarek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Very High ◽  
Acid Index

The aim of the study was to present a comprehensive characterisation of crayfish meat, which is crucial to assess its potential usefulness in the food industry. To this end, we assessed the yield, basic chemical composition (protein, fat, minerals), nutritional value (amino acid and fatty acid profiles, essential amino acid index (EAAI), chemical score of essential amino acids (CS), hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio (h/H), atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) indices), as well as culinary value (lab colour, texture, sensory characteristics, structure) of the meat of spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus) (n = 226) from Lake Sominko (Poland) harvested in May–September 2017. Crayfish meat, especially that from the abdomen, was shown to have high nutritional parameters. It is lean (0.26% of fat), with a favourable fatty acid profile and a very high quality of fat (PUFA (sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids):SFA (sum of saturated fatty acids), n-6/n-3, h/H, AI, TI) and protein (high CS and EAAI). It is also a better source of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and Cu than meat from slaughter animals. Hence, crayfish meat can be an alternative to livestock meat in the human diet. Owing to its culinary value (delicateness, weak game flavour, and odour), it meets the requirements of the most demanding consumers, i.e., children and older people.

scholarly journals Obligatory Nitrogen Losses in Pregnant Rats with Special Reference to Estimation of Net Protein Utilization.

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Sadaichi SAKAMOTO ◽  
Masahiro MORI ◽  
Masaharu OHNAKA ◽  
Yoshiaki NIIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Net Protein

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY ANTIBIOTICS ON NITROGEN, AMINO ACID AND ENERGY DIGESTION BY RATS AND ADULT ROOSTERS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. CAMPBELL ◽  
B. O. EGGUM ◽  
J. WOLSTRUP
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Neomycin Sulfate ◽  
Net Protein

The influence of antibiotics (a 2:1 mixture of bacitracin and neomycin sulfate at 0.7% of the diet) on the availability of energy from barley-fishmeal-based diets was assessed using rats and adult roosters. Changes in estimates of protein quality, as influenced by dietary antibiotics were also determined in the study with rats. Gut biomass content was estimated by measuring the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in gut samples of rats and fresh excreta samples of roosters. Antibiotic addition to the diet significantly (P < 0.01) reduced apparent digestible energy in rats and tended to reduce the true metabolizable energy measured with roosters. Biological value of the protein for rats was increased significantly (P < 0.01) by antibiotics as were net protein utilization values even though true digestibility of protein was decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The availability of some amino acids (e.g. histidine) showed a marked depression (12.1 percentage units) when antibiotics were added to the diet while others were not influenced (e.g. lysine and methionine) or markedly (7.6 percentage units) increased (e.g. alanine). The extent of microbial activity, which was shown to be markedly higher in the hindgut of rats fed no antibiotics as compared to rats fed antibiotics, may have contributed to the positive influence of antibiotic feeding on biological value of dietary protein and to the changes noted in excretion of amino acids by rats and roosters. Key words: Antibiotics, Nitrogen, amino acids, energy, rats, rosters

scholarly journals Protein utilization, growth and survival in essential-fatty-acid-deficient rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiani Jeyakumar Henry ◽  
Amal Ghusain-Choueiri ◽  
Philip R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Retarded Growth ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency and the utilization of dietary protein, growth rate and survival of offspring was investigated in rats during development and reproduction. EFA deficiency was induced by feeding a 200 g casein/kg-based diet containing 70 g hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO)/lkg as the only source of fat. The conversion efficiency of dietary protein was assessed as net protein utilization (NPU), using a 10 d comparative carcass technique. Consumption of the deficient diet during the 10 d assay period induced biochemical changes characteristic of mild EFA deficiency in humans (triene:tetraene 0·27 (SD 0·04) compared with 0·026 (SD 0·004) for wn-deficient controls), but there were no significant changes in growth rate or protein utilization. These variables were also unchanged when the deficient diet was fed for an additional 7 d before the assay, although triene: tetraene increased to 0.8 (SD 0·02). Feeding the deficient diet for 63 d before assay produced severe EFA deficiency (triene:tetraene 1.4 (SD 0·3) v. 0·036 (SD 0·005) for controls), a fall in growth rate (25% during assay period), and NPU (31.5 (SD 0·63) v. 39.0 (SD 0·93) for controls). These severely-EFA-deficient animals had a 30% higher fasting-resting rate of energy metabolism than that of age-matched controls. However, there was no change in the rate of endogenous N loss. Voluntary energy consumption was increased in animals fed on deficient diets, either with 200 g protein/kg, or protein free. The reduced efficiency of protein utilization could be entirely accounted for by the restricted amount of energy available for growth and protein deposition. Consumption of an EFA-deficient diet during pregnancy and lactation resulted in high mortality (11% survival rate at weaning compared with 79% for controls) and retarded growth in the preweaning offspring. It is concluded that animals are particularly sensitive to EFA deficiency during reproduction and pre- and post-natal stages of development. However, after weaning only severe EFA deficiency retarded growth, primarily through changes in energy balance.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of organic selenium to improve growth performance and protein utilization in African catfish fed with different protein level diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Giri Maruto Darmawangsa ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Nurbambang Priyo Utomo ◽  
Julie Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Protein Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic selenium supplementation on diet with different protein levels on the growth performance and protein utilization of African catfish juvenile. A randomized 2×3 factorial design with two dietary protein levels (27% and 32%) and three dietary selenium (Se) supplementation levels (0 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 6 mg/kg diet) in triplicates were applied in the study. African catfish juvenile with an initial average body weight and body length of 27.00 ± 0.14 g and 15.0 ± 0.5 cm, respectively, was reared in 18 units of aquarium (141 L) at a density of 142 fish/m3 for a rearing period of 40 days. Increasing organic Se supplementation level up to 6 mg/kg at high protein feed resulted in higher fish growth and final biomass, lower FCR, and higher protein utilization efficiency than those of other treatments.  Furthermore, supplementation of organic Se also resulted in lower lipid and higher Se concentrations in the fish body as well as higher blood protein level compared to those of the control. In conclusion, the result of this study suggested that dietary supplementation of organic Se up to 6 mg/kg could enhance the growth and protein utilization in African catfish fed with both low and high protein diet.   Keywords: African catfish, growth, dietary protein, protein utilization, organic selenium.   ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi selenium organik pada pakan dengan kadar protein yang berbeda terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan protein pakan ikan lele Clarias gariepenus. Penelitian didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2×3 dengan dua tingkat protein pakan (27% dan 32%) dan tiga tingkat suplementasi selenium (Se) pakan (0 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, dan 6 mg/kg diet) sebanyak tiga ulangan. Ikan lele yang digunakan memiliki bobot awal rata-rata dan panjang tubuh 27 ± 0.14 g dan 15.0 ± 0.5 cm, dipelihara dalam 18 unit akuarium (141 L) dengan kepadatan 142 ekor/m3 selama 40 hari pemeliharaan. Peningkatan suplementasi Se organik hingga 6 mg/kg pada ikan yang diberi pakan protein tinggi menghasilkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan dan biomassa akhir yang lebih tinggi, FCR yang lebih rendah, dan efisiensi pemanfaatan protein pakan yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lain. Selain itu, suplementasi Se organik juga menghasilkan kadar lemak yang lebih rendah dan konsentrasi Se tubuh yang lebih tinggi serta kadar protein darah yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu suplementasi Se organik pada pakan hingga 6 mg/kg dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan protein pakan pada ikan lele yang diberi pakan dengan kadar protein rendah dan tinggi.   Kata kunci: ikan lele, pertumbuhan, protein pakan, pemanfaatan protein, selenium organik.

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