Field observations on the load–strain–time behaviour of geogrid reinforcement

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Fannin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Geogrid Reinforcement ◽  
Rapid Loading ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
Relationship Of

Field data are reported that describe the load–strain–time relationship of geogrid reinforcement in a reinforced soil structure. The data are for a period exceeding 5 years and reveal a continued strain in the reinforcement, which occurs at nearly constant load. The response to loading is attributed to creep of the polymeric material. A comparison of the field data with laboratory isochronous load–strain curves, from rapid loading creep tests performed at a temperature similar to the mean annual temperature in the backfill soil, shows the curves describe very well the magnitude of creep strains observed in the field. Implications of the load–strain–time performance data are assessed with reference to the use in design of a tensile strength established from the rapid-loading creep test and wide-width strip test. The need to clarify, in design of polymeric reinforced soil structures, between a safe and allowable tensile strength is emphasized. Key words : reinforced soil, geogrid, creep, tensile strength, strain.

scholarly journals Tensile Strength and Creep Resistance in Nanocrystalline Cu, Pd and Ag

1990 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Nieman ◽  
J. R. Weertman ◽  
R. W. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Grain Sizes

ABSTRACTMeasurements of tensile strength and creep resistance have been made on bulk samples of nanocrystalline Cu, Pd and Ag consolidated from powders by cold compaction. Samples of Cu-Cu2O have also been tested. Yield strength for samples with mean grain sizes of 5–80 nm and bulk densities on the order of 95% of theoretical density are increased 2–5 times over that measured in pure, annealed samples of the same composition with micrometer grain sizes. Ductility in the nanocrystalline Cu has exceeded 6% true strain, however, nanocrystalline Pd samples were much less ductile. Constant load creep tests performed at room temperature at stresses of >100 MPa indicate logarithmic creep. The mechanical properties results are interpreted to be due to grain size-related strengthening and processing flaw-related weakening.

Performance of an 11 m high block-faced geogrid wall designed using the K-stiffness method

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony M. Allen ◽  
Richard J. Bathurst
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Stiffness Method ◽  
The Cost

An 11 m high dry-stacked masonry concrete block wall reinforced with a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrid was designed, instrumented, and monitored for a period of 2 years as part of a highway-widening project southeast of Seattle, Washington, in the USA. An extensive materials-testing program was conducted to characterize the geogrid and backfill soil properties. The empirical-based K-stiffness method was used to design the wall, and this approach resulted in a 35% reduction in total required reinforcement strength compared with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials / Federal Highway Administration (AASHTO/FHWA) simplified method. The cost savings more than compensated for the cost of the instrumentation program. Geogrid strains were measured using strain gauges and extensometers, and the walls were surveyed to monitor facing deformations. The stiffness of the geogrid materials was computed from the results of laboratory in-isolation constant-load (creep) tests. The time- and strain-dependent stiffness values, in combination with measured strains, were used to compute measured reinforcement loads at the reinforcement connections and at locations within the reinforced soil backfill. The measured loads were compared with class A, B, and C1 predictions using the AASHTO/FHWA simplified and K-stiffness methods. These comparisons demonstrate that the simplified method significantly overestimated reinforcement loads, whereas the K-stiffness method provided estimates that were judged to be in better agreement with the measured results. The paper also quantifies the influence of construction procedures on reinforcement strains and load, shows that long-term creep of the reinforcement after 2 years after construction is negligible, and identifies lessons learned.

Cohesive character in Alfisols, Ultisol and Oxisols in Northeast of Brazil: Relationship of tensile strength with silicon, aluminum and iron from poorly crystalline compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00361
Author(s):  
Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota ◽  
Cillas Pollicarto da Silva ◽  
Brivaldo Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Ricardo Espíndola Romero ◽  
Thiago Leite de Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals A Comparison between CoNiCrAlY Bond Coat and Zirconia Plasma Sprayed Coatings on Creep Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Danieli A.P. Reis ◽  
Carlos de Moura Neto ◽  
Antônio Augusto Couto ◽  
Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva ◽  
Francisco Piorino Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Coat ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Engineering Ceramic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma Sprayed Coatings ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

Thermomechanical and electrical properties of zirconia-based ceramics have led to a wide range of advanced and engineering ceramic applications like solid electrolyte in oxygen sensors, fuel cells and furnace elements and its low thermal conductivity has allowed its use for thermal barrier coatings for aerospace engine components. A comparison between CoNiCrAlY bond coat and zirconia plasma sprayed coatings on creep tests of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied. The material used was commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Yttria (8 wt.%) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a CoNiCrAlY bond coat was atmospherically plasma sprayed on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by Sulzer Metco Type 9 MB. Constant load creep tests were conducted on a standard creep machine in air on coated samples, at stress levels of 520 MPa at 500°C to evaluate the oxidation protection on creep of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Results indicate that the creep resistance of the ceramic coating was greater than metallic coating.

An investigation of the creep processes in tin and aluminum using a depth-sensing indentation technique

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Raman ◽  
R. Berriche
Keyword(s):  
Stress Exponent ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Indentation Creep ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Uniaxial Creep ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Film Substrate

Constant load creep experiments were conducted using a depth-sensing indentation instrument with indentation depths in the submicron range. Experiments were conducted on polycrystalline Sn and sputtered Al films on Si substrates. The results show that the plastic depth versus time curves and the strain rate versus stress plots from these experiments are analogous to those obtained from conventional creep experiments using bulk specimens. The value of the stress exponent for Sn is close to the reported values from uniaxial creep tests. Tests on Al films showed that the stress exponent is dependent on the indentation depth and is governed by the proximity to the film/substrate interface. Load change experiments were also performed and the data from these tests were analyzed. It is concluded that indentation creep experiments may be useful in elucidating the deformation properties of materials and in identifying deformation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Influence of Zirconia Plasma-Sprayed Coating on Creep of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danieli A.P. Reis ◽  
Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva ◽  
Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono ◽  
M.J.R. Barboza ◽  
Francisco Piorino Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Secondary Creep ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Oxidation Protection ◽  
Sprayed Coating ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

The titanium affinity by oxygen is one of main factors that limit the application of their alloys as structural materials at high temperatures. Notables advances have been obeserved in the development of titanium alloys with the objective of improving the specific high temperature strength and creep-resistance properties. However, the surface oxidation limits the use of these alloys in temperatures up to 600°C. The objective of this work was estimate the influence of the plasma-sprayed coatings for oxidation protection on creep of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, focusing on the determination of the experimental parameters related to the primary and secondary creep states. Constant load creep tests were conducted with Ti-6Al-4V alloy in air for coated and uncoated samples and in nitrogen atmosphere for uncoated samples at 500°C to evaluate the oxidation protection on creep of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Yttria (8 wt.%) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a CoNiCrAlY bond coat was atmospherically plasma sprayed on Ti-6Al-4V specimens. Results indicated the creep resistance of the coated alloy was greater than uncoated in air, but nitrogen atmosphere was more efficient in oxidation protection. Previously reported results about the activation energies and the stress exponents values indicate that the primary and stationary creep, for both test conditions, was probably controlled by dislocation climb. Occurred a decreasing of steady state creep in function of the reduction of oxidation process, showing that Ti-6Al-4V alloy lifetime was strongly affected by the atmosphere due the oxidation suffered by the material.

The Evaluation of Material Degradation in Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel by Electrochemical and Magnetic Property Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
Yang Ki Hyun ◽  
Soon Ho Won ◽  
Jae Ho Jang ◽  
In Bae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Laves Phases ◽  
M23c6 Type ◽  
Service Exposure ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Heat Resistant Steels

Evolution of microstructure due to service exposure to high temperature has a strong effect performance of heat resistant steels. In case of modified 9Cr-1Mo steels, precipitation of Fe2Mo-type laves phases and coarsening of M23C6-type carbides are the primary cause of degradation of mechanical properties such as creep resistance, tensile strength and toughness. Therefore creep tests have been carried out on modified 9Cr-1Mo steels to examine the effect of aging and stress on the creep strength. Additionally vibrating sample magnetometer is used to measure hysteresis loop.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document