Snow Cover and Melting Snow from ERTS Imagery

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Golding
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imagery ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Melting Snow ◽  
Mountain Watersheds

To evaluate the usefulness of ERTS imagery for obtaining information on snow cover for small mountain watersheds, two specific objectives were set: (1) to determine if snowpack ablation due to chinooks can be detected on ERTS imagery, and (2) to determine if melting snow can be distinguished from snow that has not yet begun to melt. The length of ERTS return period and the frequency of cloud cover over the mountains in winter combined to make the ERTS system almost useless in studying transient phenomena of short-return period such as the chinook. Melting snow could be distinguished from snow that had not reached melting temperature. The latter appeared light toned on both visible and near-infrared imagery because of its high reflectivity in these portions of the spectrum. Melting snow, however, appeared dark on near-infrared imagery because much of the incident infrared radiation is absorbed by the thin film of water on the surface of the melting snow.

scholarly journals Semi-Automatic Fractional Snow Cover Monitoring from Near-Surface Remote Sensing in Grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Anaí Caparó Bellido ◽  
Bradley C. Rundquist
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fractional Snow Cover ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
Phenological Metrics

Snow cover is an important variable in both climatological and hydrological studies because of its relationship to environmental energy and mass flux. However, variability in snow cover can confound satellite-based efforts to monitor vegetation phenology. This research explores the utility of the PhenoCam Network cameras to estimate Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) in grassland. The goal is to operationalize FSC estimates from PhenoCams to inform and improve the satellite-based determination of phenological metrics. The study site is the Oakville Prairie Biological Field Station, located near Grand Forks, North Dakota. We developed a semi-automated process to estimate FSC from PhenoCam images through Python coding. Compared with previous research employing RGB images only, our use of the monochrome RGB + NIR (near-infrared) reduced pixel misclassification and increased accuracy. The results had an average RMSE of less than 8% FSC compared to visual estimates. Our pixel-based accuracy assessment showed that the overall accuracy of the images selected for validation was 92%. This is a promising outcome, although not every PhenoCam Network system has NIR capability.

scholarly journals Plasmon-Enhanced Sunlight Harvesting in Thin-Film Solar Cell by Randomly Distributed Nanoparticle Array

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Marwa M. Tharwat ◽  
Ashwag Almalki ◽  
Amr M. Mahros
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Nanoparticle Array ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Crucial Parameter

In this paper, a randomly distributed plasmonic aluminum nanoparticle array is introduced on the top surface of conventional GaAs thin-film solar cells to improve sunlight harvesting. The performance of such photovoltaic structures is determined through monitoring the modification of its absorbance due to changing its structural parameters. A single Al nanoparticle array is integrated over the antireflective layer to boost the absorption spectra in both visible and near-infra-red regimes. Furthermore, the planar density of the plasmonic layer is presented as a crucial parameter in studying and investigating the performance of the solar cells. Then, we have introduced a double Al nanoparticle array as an imperfection from the regular uniform single array as it has different size particles and various spatial distributions. The comparison of performances was established using the enhancement percentage in the absorption. The findings illustrate that the structural parameters of the reported solar cell, especially the planar density of the plasmonic layer, have significant impacts on tuning solar energy harvesting. Additionally, increasing the plasmonic planar density enhances the absorption in the visible region. On the other hand, the absorption in the near-infrared regime becomes worse, and vice versa.

scholarly journals Hyperthermia by near infrared radiation induced immune cells activation and infiltration in breast tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Fatin Amira Wan Mohd Zawawi ◽  
M. H. Hibma ◽  
M. I. Salim ◽  
K. Jemon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Conventional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have different therapeutic effects and are commonly associated with risks and side effects. Near infrared radiation is a technique with few side effects that is used for local hyperthermia, typically as an adjuvant to other cancer therapies. The understanding of the use of near NIR as a monotherapy, and its effects on the immune cells activation and infiltration, are limited. In this study, we investigate the effects of HT treatment using NIR on tumor regression and on the immune cells and molecules in breast tumors. Results from this study demonstrated that local HT by NIR at 43 °C reduced tumor progression and significantly increased the median survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in cells proliferation in treated tumor, which was accompanied by an abundance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Increased numbers of activated dendritic cells were observed in the draining lymph nodes of the mice, along with infiltration of T cells, NK cells and B cells into the tumor. In contrast, tumor-infiltrated regulatory T cells were largely diminished from the tumor. In addition, higher IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion was observed in tumor of treated mice. Overall, results from this present study extends the understanding of using local HT by NIR to stimulate a favourable immune response against breast cancer.

scholarly journals Preparation of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films by laser evaporation with near-infrared radiation

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lengfellner ◽  
K F Renk ◽  
P Fickenscher ◽  
W Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Laser Evaporation ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation

Near-Infrared Light Emission from of Er-Doped ZnO Thin Film in Micropits Processed on Si Substrate

2006 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Shigeru Tanaka ◽  
Yukari Ishikawa ◽  
Naoki Ohashi ◽  
Junichi Niitsuma ◽  
Takashi Sekiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Zno Thin Film ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Er Doped

We have obtained Er-doped ZnO thin film in a micropattern of reverse trapezoids processed on Si substrate by sputtering and ultrafine polishing techniques. Near-infrared light emission was detected successfully from the thin film filling a single micropit with 10 μm square. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed epitaxial growth of ZnO crystals along the curvature of the micropit.

scholarly journals 634 Involvement of near-infrared radiation in sebaceous hyperplasia in the skin of hamsters

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. S301
Author(s):  
S. Ojima ◽  
N. Akimoto ◽  
S. Tanaka ◽  
M. Minemura ◽  
T. Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation
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