Differences in chemical composition between nonflocculated and flocculated Azospirillum brasilense Cd

A two-step broth replacement method was used to induce Azospirillum brasilense Cd bacteria to flocculate in vitro. Nonflocculated and flocculated cells were compared with regard to total cellular lipid composition, fatty acid profiles, and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), protein, and carbohydrate contents. The fatty acid profiles of nonflocculated and flocculated cells were qualitatively identical. Two unsaturated fatty acids, octadecanoate (18:1 cis-9) and hexadecanoate (16:1 cis-9), accounted for approximately 80% of the total fatty acid content in both phenotypes. The major lipids in nonflocculated and flocculated A. brasilense Cd cells were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine. The process of flocculation also resulted in the synthesis de novo of a glycolipid and cardiolipin. Flocculation also resulted in a decrease in total cellular protein and lipid content and a proportional increase in total cellular PHB and carbohydrate content. Results indicated that the two-step broth replacement procedure was an effective means for the in vitro production of the stress-tolerant A. brasilense Cd cells with high PHB contents, which are desirable in commercial agricultural inocula. The PHB content of flocculated cells reached 60-65% of cell dry weight.Key words: Azospirillum, flocculation, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, PHB, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid.

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Composition of milk cephalins

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o68-030 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 205-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. M. Moore ◽

J. B. M. Rattray ◽

D. M. Irvine

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Phosphatidyl Serine ◽

Variable Component ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Palmitic Acids

Lipid was extracted from lyophilized samples of cow, goat, sheep, horse, and human milk. The cephalins were isolated by thin-layer chromatography and ascertained to be the major, but variable component of all milk phospholipids examined except in the case of the horse. The predominant cephalin type was found to be phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), while phosphatidyl serine (PS) was determined to be either absent or to account for approximately 20% of the total cephalins. Lysocephalins were generally absent. The fatty acid composition of PE and PS was characterized by high levels of oleic and palmitic acids and by the virtual lack of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Individual differences in fatty acid content were slight among members of the same species, but human milk PE showed considerable variations in composition. PE was determined to be more highly unsaturated than PS with the unsaturated fatty acids occurring primarily at the β-position of the PE molecule. The results obtained on the chemical structure of milk cephalins have been discussed in relationship to the suggested activity of these compounds on the blood coagulation process in vitro.

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Antiinflammatory Potential and Fatty Acid Content of Lipophilic Leaf Extracts of Four Staphylea L. Species

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400420 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400

Author(s):

Lubica Lacikova ◽

Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig ◽

Irena Masterova ◽

Daniel Grancai ◽

Rudolf Bauer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Cox 1

Staphylea preparations are used in TCM and have been used by native Americans for a number of indications, such as rheumatism. Based on this knowledge, the anti-inflammatory activity of light petroleum extracts of leaves of Staphylea colchica Stev., S. elegans Zab., S. holocarpa Hemsl. and S. pinnata L. has been determined using in vitro assays for inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation by lipoxygenase (5-LOX). All extracts inhibited COX-1 and COX-2, with S. holocarpa and S. elegans performing best. Inhibition of LTB4 formation was less pronounced. As unsaturated fatty acids are known to inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism in vitro, the fatty acid content was determined of the active extracts and set in correlation with their activity. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to contribute to the observed COX-2 and LTB4 formation inhibitory activity to a different extent.

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Soaking of complete fattening rations high in poor roughage. 4. The effect on deposition and fatty acid composition of bovine fat

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100031251 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Holzer ◽

H. Tagari ◽

D. Levy ◽

R. Volcani

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Unsaturated Triglyceride

SUMMARYThe effects of diets containing variable percentages of roughage and moisture on depot fats were studied. Treatments were 25 and 45% roughage in the complete fattening diet, and 10, 50 and 75% moisture content of the diets. Depot fats collected post-slaughter from kidney, pelvic, ruminal, cod and trim fats in the carcass (mostly subcutaneous and some intermuscular) were weighed and analysed for their fatty acid composition.Increasing the quantity of roughage in the diet (from 25 to 45%) significantly decreased ruminal fat deposition. Moistening the feed significantly increased the deposition of kidney, pelvic and cod fat, and significantly reduced the deposition of fat trim in the carcass. The content of unsaturated triglyceride fatty acids was significantly greater in calves fed on the 25% roughage diet. Calves fed on the soaked diets had significantly higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids than the controls.The content of unsaturated acids was greater in cod fat and carcass trim than in kidney, pelvic or ruminal fat.Hydrogenation in vitro of fatty acids by ruminal micro-organisms decreased with increasing level of moisture in the diet.It is suggested that the increased unsaturated fatty acid content of the depot fats of animals fed on soaked diets might be due to a reduction in the hydrogenation of dietary lipid by rumen micro-organisms.

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Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1133

Author(s):

Atique Ahmed Behan ◽

Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽

Teck Chwen Loh ◽

Sharida Fakurazi ◽

Ubedullah Kaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

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Modifying egg fatty acid content by supplementation of laying hen diets with palm olein oil (POO)

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030519 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 212-212

Author(s):

S J Hosseini Vashan ◽

N Afzali ◽

A Golian ◽

M Malekaneh ◽

A Allahressani

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Olein Oil

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.

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Fatty Acid Profile, Lipid Quality and Squalene Content of Teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) and Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) Varieties from Ethiopia

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3590

Author(s):

Endale Amare ◽

Luca Grigoletto ◽

Viviana Corich ◽

Alessio Giacomini ◽

Anna Lante

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Amaranthus Caudatus ◽

Lipid Quality ◽

Squalene Content

Teff and amaranth are gluten-free cereals with significant nutritional and health benefits. However, they are underutilized and known in limited areas of the world. The present study evaluated the fatty acid profile, crude fat, squalene content and lipid quality of seven teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) and three amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) varieties from Ethiopia. The fat content ranged from 2.92 to 3.34% (averaging 3.06%) and from 8.28 to 9.21% (averaging 8.6%) for teff and amaranth, respectively. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid were predominant in both teff and amaranth, accounting for approximately 89 and 85% of total fatty acid content, respectively. The saturated to unsaturated fatty acids ratio ranged from 0.30 to 0.32 in teff and from 0.38 to 0.40 in amaranth. The parameters used to describe lipid quality, i.e., thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indices, show that teff was superior over amaranth, suggesting a preference for the former for healthy food formulation. The squalene content of white amaranth (486.54 mg/100 g DM) was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties (327.54 and 340.81 mg/100 g DM for red and brown amaranth, respectively). In general, both gluten-free crops should be exploited for their potential as ingredients for the development of novel functional foods.

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Nutritional Analysis and Quality Evaluation in Muscle of Crucifix Crab Charybdis feriatus From Three Wild Populations

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v3n2p27 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jian-xue Lu ◽

Yang-yang Gong ◽

Yan-qing Huang ◽

Hong-yu Ma ◽

Xiong Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Total Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Nutritional Analysis ◽

Significant Difference

Three wild populations of crucifix crab Charybdis feriatus were sampled and muscle was analyzed for proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition, aimed to quantify and compare the nutritional quality from three different locations in China. Results showed that crude protein content in muscle of female crucifix crab C. feriatus from Zhoushan (ZS) and Xiapu (XP) (84.84%-88.35%) were significantly higher than that of crucifix crab C. feriatus from Qionghai (QH) (74.33%), while there was no significant difference in terms of crude fat content (3.82%-4.07%). The highest content of ash was found in muscle of crucifix crab C. feriatus from QH (5.36%). The muscle of crucifix crab C. feriatus from ZS and XP had significantly higher contents of total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and delicious amino acids than those of QH group (P < 0.05). The total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in the muscle of crucifix crab C. feriatus from three wild populations showed significant difference (P < 0.05). The ZS group had highest content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (33.64%) and total content of EPA and DHA (22.85%) as well, followed by XP and QH group (P < 0.05). Overall, the differences in chemical composition in muscle of C. feriatus from different locations could be attributed to environmental variables and maturation stage.

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Fatty acid positional distribution (sn-2 fatty acids) and phospholipid composition in Chinese breast milk from colostrum to mature stage

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518002994 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ke Wu ◽

Runying Gao ◽

Fang Tian ◽

Yingyi Mao ◽

Bei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Positional Distribution ◽

Phospholipid Composition ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Feeding Time

AbstractThis study quantified the fatty acid profile with emphasis on the stereo-specifically numbered (sn) 2 positional distribution in TAG and the composition of main phospholipids at different lactation stages. Colostrum milk (n 70), transitional milk (n 96) and mature milk (n 82) were obtained longitudinally from healthy lactating women in Shanghai. During lactation, total fatty acid content increased, with SFA dominating in fatty acid profile. A high ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was observed as 11:1 over lactation due to the abundance of linoleic acid in Chinese human milk. As the main SFA, palmitic acid showed absolute sn-2 selectivity, while oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, the main unsaturated fatty acids, were primarily esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Nervonic acid and C22 PUFA including DHA were more enriched in colostrum with an sn-2 positional preference. A total of three dominant phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)) were analysed in the collected samples, and each showed a decline in amount over lactation. PC was the dominant compound followed by SM and PE. With prolonged breast-feeding time, percentage of PE in total phospholipids remained constant, but PC decreased, and SM increased. Results from this study indicated a lipid profile different from Western reports and may aid the development of future infant formula more suitable for Chinese babies.

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Inhibition of ovine gastric acid secretion by intraduodenal long-chain fatty acids

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1982.243.2.g127 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 243 (2) ◽

pp. G127-G133

Author(s):

L. M. McLeay ◽

J. M. Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Gastric Acid Secretion ◽

Gastric Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Output ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Conscious Sheep

Effects on ovine gastric function of procedures that increase intestinal unsaturated fatty acid content are unknown, and the present aim was to compare the effects of duodenal unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on gastric secretion in conscious sheep. During the maximal gastric secretory response to a meal, 10 ml gallbladder bile alone or with myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were infused into the duodenum at a rate of 5 g fatty acid . h-1 for 1 h. Compared with control 154 mM NaCl (100%), acid output was reduced to 4-7% of control with infusion of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and myristic acids plus bile. Reductions in acid secretion persisted for up to 5 h from the end of infusion. In contrast, the infusion of palmitic and stearic acids with bile caused mean maximal reductions in acid output, respectively, to only 64 and 55% of control, and levels returned to control within 1 h of the end of infusion. Bile infusion alone caused no reduction in acid secretion. Under the conditions used, C18 unsaturated fatty acids and myristic acid were potent inhibitors of ovine gastric acid secretion. The lesser effects of palmitic and stearic acids were probably related to their reduced solubility and absorption.

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Targeting de novo lipogenesis and the Lands cycle induces ferroptosis in KRAS-mutant lung cancer

10.1101/2021.03.18.434804 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Caterina Bartolacci ◽

Cristina Andreani ◽

Goncalo Dias do Vale ◽

Stefano Berto ◽

Margherita Melegari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Metabolic Networks ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

De Novo ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

De Novo Lipogenesis ◽

Main Process

Mutant KRAS (KM) is the most common oncogene in lung cancer (LC). KM regulates several metabolic networks, but their role in tumorigenesis is still not sufficiently characterized to be exploited in cancer therapy. To identify metabolic networks specifically deregulated in KMLC, we characterized the lipidome of genetically engineered LC mice, cell lines, patient derived xenografts and primary human samples. We also determined that KMLC, but not EGFR-mutant (EGFR-MUT) LC, is enriched in triacylglycerides (TAG) and phosphatidylcholines (PC). We also found that KM upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN), a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid (FA) synthesis promoting the synthesis of palmitate and PC. We determined that FASN is specifically required for the viability of KMLC, but not of LC harboring EGFR-MUT or wild type KRAS. Functional experiments revealed that FASN inhibition leads to ferroptosis, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-and iron-dependent cell death. Consistently, lipidomic analysis demonstrated that FASN inhibition in KMLC leads to accumulation of PC with polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) chains, which are the substrate of ferroptosis. Integrating lipidomic, transcriptome and functional analyses, we demonstrated that FASN provides saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) that feed the Lands cycle, the main process remodeling oxidized phospholipids (PL), such as PC. Accordingly, either inhibition of FASN or suppression of the Lands cycle enzymes PLA2 and LPCAT3, promotes the intracellular accumulation of lipid peroxides and ferroptosis in KMLC both in vitro and in vivo. Our work supports a model whereby the high oxidative stress caused by KM dictates a dependency on newly synthesized FA to repair oxidated phospholipids, establishing a targetable vulnerability. These results connect KM oncogenic signaling, FASN induction and ferroptosis, indicating that FASN inhibitors already in clinical trial in KMLC patients (NCT03808558) may be rapidly deployed as therapy for KMLC.

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