Genetic variation in the decay resistance of Scots pine wood against brown rot fungus

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni M Harju ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
Egbert Beuker ◽  
Pirkko Velling ◽  
Hannu Viitanen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
The Mean

The role of genotype in the durability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood against decay by brown rot fungus (Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. (strain Bam EBW 15)) was studied in a laboratory test. The wood material was obtained from 32-year-old half-sib progenies of Scots pine. The increment core samples of sapwood and juvenile heartwood were decayed using a modification of the standardized EN 113 method. The mean densities of the sapwood and heartwood samples were 391 and 337 mg·cm–3, respectively, and the mean mass losses were 114 and 80 mg·cm–3, respectively. The additive genetic components were small compared with the total phenotypic variance, which resulted in small narrow-sense heritabilities in mass loss. The most marked feature was the wide phenotypic variation in mass loss observed in heartwood (range 199 mg·cm–3) compared with sapwood (range 72 mg·cm–3) samples. Low heritability, together with the relatively high coefficient of additive genetic variation (CVA) in heartwood mass loss, suggests that advances in breeding can only be made through intensive testing in the environments which the studied experiment represents.

scholarly journals Resistance of thermally modified and pressurized hot water extracted Scots pine sapwood against decay by the brown-rot fungus Rhodonia placenta

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Altgen ◽  
Suvi Kyyrö ◽  
Olli Paajanen ◽  
Lauri Rautkari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Cell Wall Porosity

AbstractThe thermal degradation of wood is affected by a number of process parameters, which may also cause variations in the resistance against decay fungi. This study compares changes in the chemical composition, water-related properties and decay resistance of Scots pine sapwood that was either thermally modified (TM) in dry state at elevated temperatures (≥ 185 °C) or treated in pressurized hot water at mild temperatures (≤ 170 °C). The thermal decomposition of easily degradable hemicelluloses reduced the mass loss caused by Rhodonia placenta, and it was suggested that the cumulative mass loss is a better indicator of an actual decay inhibition. Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) did not improve the decay resistance to the same extent as TM, which was assigned to differences in the wood-water interactions. Cross-linking reactions during TM caused a swelling restraint and an effective reduction in moisture content. This decreased the water-swollen cell wall porosity, which presumably hindered the transport of degradation agents through the cell wall and/or reduced the accessibility of wood constituents for degradation agents. This effect was absent in hot water-extracted wood and strong decay occurred even when most hemicelluloses were already removed during HWE.

scholarly journals Properties of modified wood according to treatment technology and thermo-vacuum process for birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneers

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4150-4164
Author(s):  
Anete Meija-Feldmane ◽  
Ignazia Cuccui ◽  
Ilze Irbe ◽  
Andris Morozovs ◽  
Uldis Spulle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Modified Wood

Thermally modified birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneers that had been subjected to wood treatment technology (WTT) or thermo vacuum (TV) processes were compared in this study. After modification of veneers in the range of temperatures from 160 °C to 218 °C and times from 0.5 h to 3 h, the color, mass loss, density, tensile strength, hygroscopicity, and decay resistance against brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana were determined. Treatment regimes with the greatest mass loss were at 217 °C for 3.0 h in TV (7.8%) and 160 °C for 0.8 h in the WTT (6.7%). As expected, wood mass loss correlated well with moisture exclusion efficiency (MEE) in all relative humidity (RH) environments (r = 0.95 to 0.99). Strength loss in the WTT was considerable compared to the TV process (57% and 40%, respectively). The resistance against brown rot fungus was moderate with a mass loss of 12% to 33%. Among the investigated samples, the regime 217/3.0/TV showed the best resistance against brown rot fungus and acceptable other properties.

Measuring the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood indirectly by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1797-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni M Harju ◽  
Martti Venäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Decay Tests

To exploit the variation in the natural durability of heartwood timber, screening of a large number of trees or timber is necessary. We suggest that the concentration of total phenolics, measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) assay, can be used to supplement or even replace in vitro decay tests for screening the variation in the resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood timber against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.). We screened the juvenile heartwood of 520 Scots pine trees with the FC assay. Samples from 40 trees, with total phenolics concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 21.7 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g of heartwood, were subjected to an in vitro decay test. The correlation (r) between the total phenolics concentration and mass loss was –0.82 (p < 0.001) in the 7 week long decay test. The relationship was expressed with a linear regression equation: mass loss (mg/g) = 487 – 25 × concentration of total phenolics (mg TAE/g). This strong relationship could be exploited by replacing the decay test with the FC assay to more rapidly assess the durability of wood products.

Prediction of Stilbene Content from Heartwood Increment Cores of Scots Pine Using near Infrared Spectroscopy Methodology

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Pulkka ◽  
Vincent Segura ◽  
Anni Harju ◽  
Tarja Tapanila ◽  
Johanna Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Automatic Selection ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Selection Of

High-throughput and non-destructive methods for quantifying the content of the stilbene compounds of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood are needed in the breeding for decay resistance of heartwood timber. In this study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibrations were developed for a large collection of solid heartwood increment core samples in order to predict the amount of the stilbene pinosylvin (PS), its monomethyl ether (PSM) and their sum (STB). The resulting models presented quite accurate predictions in an independent validation set with R2V values ranging between 0.79 and 0.91. The accuracy of the models strongly depended on the chemical being calibrated, with the lowest accuracy for PS, intermediate accuracy for PSM and highest accuracy for STB. The effect of collecting one, two or more (up to five) spectra per sample on the calibration models was studied and it was found that averaging multiple spectra yielded better accuracy as it may account for the heterogeneity of wood along the increment core within and between rings. Several statistical pretreatments of the spectra were tested and an automatic selection of wavenumbers prior to calibration. Without the automatic selection of wavenumbers, a first derivative of normalised spectra yielded the best accuracies, whereas after the automatic selection of wavenumbers, no particular statistical pretreatment appeared to yield better results than any other. Finally, the automatic selection of wavenumbers slightly improved the accuracy of the models for all traits. These results demonstrate the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a high-throughput and non-destructive phenotyping technique in tree breeding for the improvement of decay resistance in heartwood timber.

Knotwood as a window to the indirect measurement of the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Karppanen ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
Anni M. Harju ◽  
Stefan Willför ◽  
Suvi Pietarinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Further Development

Abstract There is wide variation in the extractive content and decay resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood. The heartwood is not visible in standing trees and only poorly visible in timber. Therefore, it is difficult to identify extractive-rich trees, and consequently the most decay-resistant heartwood. On the other hand, knots are clearly visible in standing trees and timber. In the present paper we studied the possibility of measuring the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood indirectly on the basis of the extractive concentration of knotwood. The material investigated consisted of 40 felled trees with a wide between-tree variation for extractive content and decay resistance of their heartwood. The extractive content of knotwood was found to be four- to five-fold higher than that of heartwood. Statistically significant correlations were found between the mass loss of heartwood and the concentrations of total phenolics and stilbenes in knotwood (r=-0.54, P<0.001 and r=-0.40, P=0.011, respectively), and for the concentration of total phenolics (r=0.42, P=0.008) and stilbenes (r=0.39, P=0.012) between heartwood and knotwood. We suggest further development of this technique in the context of rapid industrial screening of durable pine heartwood.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Decay Resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Lan Xing Du ◽  
Gou Ying Hu ◽  
Xing Xia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

To enhance decay resistance, the effect of heat treatment and the variation of chemical composition on Chinese Fir and Pine were investigated in this study — heat treatment temperature was 170°C, 190°C and 210°C, respectively, heat treatment time was 2, 3 and 4hours, respectively. Both of them were subsequently exposed to white-rot fungus and brown-rot fungus. The results showed that:(1) With the increasing of the heat treatment, decay resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine were improved, anti-corrosion of Pine after being heat treated at 190°C which were exposed to write-rot fungus can reach I, anti-corrosion of Chinese Fir after being heat treated at 170°C treated which were exposed to brown-rot fungus could reach I yet, After being heat treated at 210°C for 3 hours , the Chinese fir samples had no measurable weight loss when exposed to the write-rot fungus.(2) There was no remarkable influence on both Chinese Fir and Pine by heat treatment time.(3) The moisture content of Chinese Fir and Pine were lower than the moisture content that the rot fungus need, macromolecule chains such as cellulose and hemicellulose broke down, their contents decreased, and the hemicellulose decomposed into acetic acid, they prevented the growth of rot fungus.

scholarly journals Fungal decay resistance of wood reacted with phosphorus pentoxide-amine system

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-L. Lee ◽  
G.C. Chen ◽  
R.M. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Phosphorus Pentoxide ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Nitro Derivatives ◽  
Amine System

Abstract Resistance of wood reacted in situ with phosphorus pentoxide-amine to the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was examined. Wood reacted with either octyl, tribromo, or nitro derivatives were more resistant to both fungi. Threshold retention values of phosphoramide-reacted wood to white-rot fungus T. versicolor ranged from 2.9 to 13.3 mmol, while these for brown-rot fungus G. trabeum ranged from 8.1 to 19.2 mmol. Wood reacted with phosphoramide tested to be more resistant to white-rot than brown-rot attack.

Differences in Resin Acid Concentration between Brown-Rot Resistant and Susceptible Scots Pine Heartwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harju ◽  
P. Kainulainen ◽  
M. Venäläinen ◽  
M. Tiitta ◽  
H. Viitanen
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties

Summary The concentration of individual resin acids and the equilibrium moisture content at a relative humidity of 100% were studied in brown-rot resistant and susceptible Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood. About 90% of the resin acids in the heartwood were of the abietane type, abietic acid being the most abundant. The concentration of resin acids was higher in the decay-resistant heartwood than in the decay-susceptible heartwood. Resin acids are presumably in part responsible for the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood. However, no clear relationship was found between the concentration of resin acids and the equilibrium moisture content. The role of resin acids may also be ascribed to mechanisms other than their hydrophobic properties alone. The reasons for the slight differences in moisture content between the decay classes require further study.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Manufacturing Strand-Based Wood Composite Treated with β-Cyclodextrin–Boric Acid for Fungal Decay Resistance

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Cai ◽  
Hyungsuk Lim ◽  
Nicholas C. Fitzkee ◽  
Bojan Cosovic ◽  
Dragica Jeremic
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Average Mass

The feasibility of using β-cyclodextrin (βCD) as an eco-friendly carrier of boric acid for the protection of strand-based wood composites against decay fungi was evaluated. The formation of a βCD–boric acid (βCD–B) complex was confirmed by the appearance of the boron–oxygen bond by using attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Chemical shifts of around 6.25 and 1.41 ppm were also observed in 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 11B NMR spectra, respectively. The βCD–B preservatives at two levels (5 and 10 wt.%) were uniformly blended with southern pine strands that were subsequently sprayed with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) resin. The blended strands were formed into a loose mat by hand and consolidated into 25 × 254 × 12 mm oriented strand boards (OSB) using a hot-press. The OSB panels were cut to end-matched internal bonding (IB) strength and fungal decay resistance test specimens. The vertical density profiles (VDPs) of the IB specimens were measured using an X-ray based density profiler and the specimens with statistically similar VDPs were selected for the IB and decay tests. The IB strength of the treated specimens was lower than the control specimens but they were above the required IB strength of heavy-duty load-bearing boards for use in humid conditions, specified in the BS EN 300:2006 standard. The reduced IB of preservative-treated OSB boards could be explained by the destabilized resin upon the addition of the βCD–B complex, as indicated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. The resistance of the OSB panels against two brown-rot fungi (i.e., G. trabeum or P. placenta) was evaluated before and after accelerated leaching cycles. The treated OSBs exposed to the fungi showed an average mass loss of lower than 3% before leaching, while the untreated OSBs had 49 and 35% mass losses due to decay by G. trabeum or P. placenta, respectively. However, upon the leaching, the treatment provided protection only against G. trabeum to a certain degree (average mass loss of 15%). The experimental results suggest that protection efficacy against decay fungi after leaching, as well as the adhesion of the OSB strands, can be improved by increasing the amount of pMDI resin.

Combined effect of boron compounds and heat treatments on wood properties: Boron release and decay and termite resistance

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nami Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Termite Resistance ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Decay Tests

Abstract The decay and termite resistance of boric acid (BA)- and di-sodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT)-treated sugi sapwood was tested in the context of additional heat treatments at two temperature levels. Heat treatments had no effect on boron release and almost all boron was leached from specimens during a 10-day weathering period. Decay tests with the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and a 3-week termite resistance test with the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus were performed. Heat treatments did not increase the decay resistance of either BA- or DOT-treated specimens against the brown-rot fungus. However, the decay resistance of BA-treated specimens against the same fungus increased after heat treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Heat treatments at 180°C for 4 h and 220°C for 2 h also resulted in increased decay resistance of DOT-treated specimens against T. versi-color. Increased resistance against termite attack was observed only in DOT-treated specimens heated at 180°C for 4 h or at 220°C for 2 h. Accordingly, a synergistic effect between heat and DOT treatments was observed for resistance against white-rot decay and termites.

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