False rings in jack pine and black spruce trees from eastern Manitoba as indicators of dry summers

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1722-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Hoffer ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
False Rings

False rings (FRs) are a tree-ring anomaly that can be used to better understand tree growth and potentially reconstruct past climatic events. The main objective of this study was to explore the association between FRs and climate, especially drought occurrence. Sampling was conducted in Nopiming Provincial Park. Wood cores were extracted from jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in five stands and from co-occurring black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in three of these stands. After cross-dating, earlywood, latewood, and total ring width were measured on all cores. All FRs were identified, and their position within a tree ring was determined. Both species showed similar radial growth and FR patterns. Jack pine and to a lesser extent black spruce both showed abundant FRs in the juvenile period. Springs with cool and snowy conditions and summers with severe drought were associated with a higher frequency of FRs. These anomalies could be formed partly in response to timing of the start of the growing season and to conditions during that growing season that lead to interruption and subsequent resumption of normal growth. Jack pine radial growth was found to be more sensitive to precipitation, whereas that of black spruce was more sensitive to temperature.

Variation in radial growth patterns of Pseudotsuga menziesii on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1946-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Bin Zhang ◽  
Richard J Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bella Coola ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

Radial growth of trees in mountainous areas is subject to conditions associated with changes in elevation. We present ring-width chronologies for Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) at nine sites spanning low to high elevations in the Bella Coola area of the central coast of British Columbia, near the northern limits of the species distribution, and investigate the variation in tree-ring growth patterns in relation to different elevations, using principal component (PC) analysis. We find that the first PC, which represents 55.6% of the total variance, reflects a common growth response at sites of different elevation. Response function analysis indicates that growing season precipitation is the major factor in controlling tree-ring growth. This factor explains more of the variance in low-elevation sites than it does in high-elevation ones. Temperature in August of the preceding year shows a negative relationship to ring-width growth. The second PC represents 16.7% of the total variance and reveals a distinct difference in growth response between low- and high-elevation sites. The length and temperature of the growing season seem to play an important role in tree-ring growth at sites of high elevation. Comparison of the Bella Coola records with those from southern Vancouver Island suggests that growing season precipitation influences growth of Douglas-fir on a macroregional scale, but other factors such as temperature modify the growth response at the limits of the distribution of the species.

Photosynthesis of black spruce, jack pine, and trembling aspen after artificially induced frost during the growing season

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Lamontagne ◽  
Hank Margolis ◽  
Francine Bigras
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Monitoring Period

Light-saturated photosynthesis following artificial frosts was monitored for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). None of the species exposed to -9°C in May or to -6 and -9°C in August recovered within the 23- and 14-day monitoring periods, respectively. Black spruce and jack pine treated at -6°C in May recovered within 5 and 23 days, respectively. Black spruce treated at -3°C in August recovered within 10 days. Frosts were applied to the upper and lower canopies of mature black spruce and jack pine in June and to mature trembling aspen in July. For black spruce, the lower canopy did not recover whereas the upper canopy partially recovered over the 10-day monitoring period. For jack pine and trembling aspen, there were no differences in recovery between canopy levels. Jack pine treated at -5.5°C recovered within the 10-day monitoring period whereas at -8.5°C, it only partially recovered. Although recovery period varied with species, phenological state, and frost temperature, gradual recovery of photosynthesis over 5-21 days seems a reasonable modelling algorithm for boreal tree species when growing season frosts lower than -3°C occur. However, cooling rates in our experiments were greater than those that normally occur in nature.

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Analysis Reveals Density-Dependent Vulnerability to Drought in Planted Mongolian Pines

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
ShouJia Sun ◽  
Shuai Lei ◽  
HanSen Jia ◽  
Chunyou Li ◽  
JinSong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Data

Population density influences tree responses to environmental stresses, such as drought and high temperature. Prolonged drought negatively affects the health of Mongolian pines in forests planted by the Three-North Shelter Forest Program in North China. To understand the relationship between stand density and drought-induced forest decline, and to generate information regarding the development of future management strategies, we analyzed the vulnerability to drought of planted Mongolian pines at three stand densities. A tree-ring width index for trees from each density was established from tree-ring data covering the period 1988–2018 and was compared for differences in radial growth. Resistance (Rt), recovery (Rc), resilience (Rs), and relative resilience (RRs) in response to drought events were calculated from the smoothed basal area increment (BAI) curves. The high-density (HDT) group showed a consistently lower tree-ring width than the border trees (BT) and low-density (LDT) groups. The BAI curve of the HDT group started to decrease five years earlier than the LDT and BT groups. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the radial growth of all of the groups was related to precipitation, relative humidity (RH), potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in the previous October and the most recent July, indicating that Mongolian pine trees of different densities had similar growth–climate relationships. Over the three decades, the trees experienced three severe drought events, each causing reduced tree-ring width and BAI. All of the groups showed similar Rc to each drought event, but the HDT group exhibited significantly lower Rt, Rs, and RRs than the BT group, suggesting that the HDT trees were more vulnerable to repeated drought stress. The RRs of the HDT group decreased progressively after each drought event and attained <0 after the third event. All of the groups showed similar trends regarding water consumption under varying weather conditions, but the HDT group showed significantly reduced whole-tree hydraulic capability compared with the other two groups. From these results, HDT trees exhibit ecophysiological memory effects from successive droughts, including sap flux dysfunction and higher competition index, which may prevent recovery of pre-drought growth rates. HDT trees may be at greater risk of mortality under future drought disturbance.

The effect of climatic factors on the radial growth of Japanese ash in northern Hokkaido, Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2052-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yasue ◽  
R. Funada ◽  
T. Kondo ◽  
O. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Fukazawa
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ring Network ◽  
Autoregressive Modeling ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Residual Chronology

The influence of climate on the radial growth of Japanese ash (Fraxinusmandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim.) in northern Hokkaido, Japan, was investigated. Fifteen trees were selected and ring widths were measured. Standardization and autoregressive modeling were applied to the series of ring widths for isolation of the climatic signal. A response function was calculated for the relationship between residual chronology and monthly temperature and precipitation. In the season that preceded the growth, December precipitation is negatively correlated with ring width. During the growing season, May temperature is negatively correlated with ring width, while both temperature and precipitation in July are positively correlated with ring width. The results reveal the potential usefulness of Japanese ash for reconstruction of past climate in Hokkaido. The chronology of Japanese ash contributes to a development of a tree-ring network in Japan that is still sparse.

scholarly journals Quantifying climatic influences on tree-ring width

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangqi Li ◽  
Sandy P. Harrison ◽  
I. Colin Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
P Values ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects

Abstract. Before tree-ring series can be used to quantify climatic influences on growth, ontogenetic and microenvironmental effects must be removed. Existing statistical detrending methods struggle to eliminate bias, caused by the fact that older/larger trees are nearly always more abundantly sampled during the most recent decades – which happens also to have seen the strongest environmental changes. Here we develop a new approach to derive a productivity index (P*) from tree-ring series. The critical stem diameter, when an initial rapid increase in stem radial growth gives way to a gradual decrease, is estimated using a theoretical approximation; previous growth rings are removed from analysis. The subsequent dynamics of stem radial growth are assumed to be determined by: tree diameter and height; P* (gross primary production per unit leaf area, discounted by a "tax" due to the respiration and turnover of leaves and fine roots); and a quantity proportional to sapwood specific respiration (r1). The term r1 depends not only on the growth rate but also on tree height, because a given leaf area requires a greater volume of living sapwood to be maintained in taller trees. Height-diameter relationships were estimated from independent observations. P* values were then estimated from tree ring-width measurements on multiple trees, using a non-linear mixed-effects model in which the random effect of individual tree identity accounts for the impact of local environmental variability, due to soil or hydrological conditions, and canopy position (i.e. shading and competition). Year-by-year P* at a site should then represent the influence of year-by-year changes in environment, independently of the growth trend in individual trees. This approach was applied to tree-ring records from two genera (Picea and Pinus) at 492 sites across the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Using a multiple linear mixed-effects regression with site as a random effect, it was found that estimated annual P* values for both genera show consistent, temporally stable positive responses of P* to total photosynthetically photon flux density during the growing season (PPFD5) and soil moisture availability (indexed by an estimate of the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration). The partial effect of mean temperature during the growing season (mGGD5) however was shown to follow a unimodal curve, being positive in climates with mGGD5

Ecological interpretation of tree-ring width and intraannual density fluctuations inPinus sylvestrison dry sites in the central Alps and Siberia

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Rigling ◽  
Philipp O Waldner ◽  
Theodor Forster ◽  
Otto U Bräker ◽  
Antti Pouttu
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Central Alps ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Soil Substrate

The radial growth of Pinus sylvestris L. from nine sites at the semiarid lower forest border of the central Alps (Switzerland) and central Siberia (Russia) has been investigated using dendroecological methods. Tree growth differed according to soil substrate, with trees on dune sites showing lower mean ring widths, lower mean sensitivities, and higher autocorrelation. The relationships between climate and tree-ring width were studied using response function analysis. Independent of the climatic zone and the soil substrate, precipitation just before and at the beginning of the growing season is positively correlated with radial growth. The climatic response of dune sites is low, possibly because of the poor water-holding capacity and the high permeability of the sandy soils. Intraannual density fluctuations (IADFs) were observed at all the sites. Most IADFs were found in latewood. On dunes, fewer cores contain IADFs, and their frequency is lower. All stands showed significant relationships between IADF frequency and tree-ring width (positive) and ring age (negative). For Swiss sites, moist-cool conditions in the middle of the growing season are demonstrated as the triggering factor for IADFs. For the Russian sites, inadequate climatic data made it impossible to demonstrate any climate dependence of IADFs.

Alternate Strip Clearcutting in Upland Black Spruce: III. Regeneration Options for Leave Strips

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Wood ◽  
Richard Raper
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Biological Criteria ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Topographic Positions

In the alternate strip clearcutting system, first-cut strips are regenerated by seed produced by black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) in the forested leave strips. However, after the second cut, such a seed source is not available for regenerating the leave strips. Therefore, the forest manager must consider a number of alternative regeneration options. The selection of the most appropriate regeneration option is dependent upon several economic and biological criteria. These include future costs of delivered wood, site productivity, post-harvest site condition, future alternative sources of supply, and future demand for industrial wood. Regeneration options such as preservation of advance growth and direct seeding are recommended for sites on which the manager is concerned primarily with regenerating first cut strips and is willing to accept a lower level of stocking in leave strips. Planting, the most intensive option discussed, should be reserved for sites offering the highest potential return or greatest future cost savings. Direct seeding of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) should be considered on the upland portions of this patterned site type. Mixing jack pine and black spruce is a suggested regeneration option if the site contains both upland and lowland topographic positions. Other seeding options include the use of semi-transparent plastic seed shelters. The manager might consider combining two or more of these options to meet management objectives.

THE SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH RINGS IN JACK PINE IN RELATION TO DEFOLIATION BY THE SWAINE JACK-PINE SAWFLY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Dense Stand

An investigation of the radial growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) defoliated by the Swaine jack-pine sawfly (Neodiprion swainei Midd.) disclosed that growth rings were discontinuous and missing in cross-sectional disks from severely damaged trees. In young and open-grown trees with dead tops, the incidence of such deficiencies in radial growth was especially high in disks from upper regions of the stems, in the vicinity of the dead tops; radial growth was suspended for 1 year and subsequently resumed in disks from the lower regions of some stems. Cambial inactivity was more generalized in trees from an old and dense stand and it was detected in disks representing major portions of some of the stems sampled; the death of some trees followed 2 to 6 years of cambial inactivity in disks cut at various heights along their entire stems. Growth deficiencies in the young stand were clearly effects of severe sawfly defoliation. Data from the old, dense stand indicated that sawfly defoliation had perhaps merely hastened the gradual deterioration of the stand in which intertree competition was intense.

scholarly journals Responses of radial growth, wood density and fiber traits to planting space in poplar plantations at a lowland site

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Zhang ◽  
Shengzuo Fang ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Yi Lv
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Fiber Traits

AbstractPoplar is raw material for various panel, paper and fiber products. The 12 sample trees of clone Nanlin-895 from four spacings were destructively harvested after thirteen growing seasons to assess the influence of spacing on radial growth and wood properties. Spacing significantly affected tree-ring width and wood basic density (p < 0.05) but not fiber traits. The highest diameter and wood basic density at breast height (1.3 m) was in 6 m × 6 m and 3 m × 8 m spacings, respectively. However, no significant differences in tree-ring width, wood basic density and fiber traits were observed among the four sampling directions in discs taken at 1.3 m for each spacing. Growth rings from the pith and tree heights had significant effects on wood basic density and fiber anatomical characteristics, highlighting obvious temporal-spatial variations. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significantly negative relationship of tree-ring width to wood basic density, fiber length and fiber width, but a significantly positive relationship to hemicellulose. There was no relationship with cellulose and lignin contents. Based on a comprehensive assessment by the TOPSIS method, the 6 m × 6 m spacing is recommended for producing wood fiber at similar sites in the future.

scholarly journals Growth and yield estimation of Chamaecyparis spp. through tree ring analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Kharal ◽  
T. Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Tree Ring Analysis ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Ring Analysis

Tree ring analysis is one of the most useful methods in volume and biomass estimation especially of the conifer trees. Ring width and ring density are important parameters in dendrochronological research. The present research was carried out with the aim of estimating the radial and volumetric growth of the Japanese Cypress trees (Chamaecyperis obstusa and C. pisifera). Destructive method was used while collecting the wood samples from the selected trees. Ring width and ring density were measured using soft X-ray densitometry method using micro-densitometer. Computer programme, developed by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan was used to analyze the ring with and ring density data. The average ring width of the Chamaecyparis spp. was found to be about 3.4 mm at the age of 30 years. However, two types of growth pattern were observed in the trees. Average radial growth was about 5% every year during the first 20 years of the tree age, whereas, the average radial growth was negative during the age of 20–30 years. Average density of the tree rings were increased by about 11% in each height of the trees starting from the ground. Similarly, the stem density decreased by about 3.4% annually along the radial direction from the pith.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v22i2.9197Banko Janakari: A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 22, No. 2, 2012 November Page: 36-42 Uploaded date: 12/1/2013 

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