Biomass, density, and nutrient content of plant arthropods in the taiga of Alaska

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Annual Element ◽  
Ground Herbs

Arthropod composition was similar in six vegetation types in a taiga ecosystem of Alaska. Four taxonomic classes representing 94 arthropod families were found at the herb, shrub, and tree levels of aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), balsam poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) vegetation types. Of all vegetation types, ground herbs contained the highest density of arthropods. Black spruce types had the highest arthropod densities at the tree level but the lowest diversity of species. Populations of arthropods were highest during June and July in hardwood types and during July and August in spruce types. Concentrations of sodium and magnesium increased as trophic levels increased; highest concentrations were in arthropod predators. Concentrations of potassium and calcium increased from the herbivore to the saprovore level. Annual element budgets for sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium are discussed.

Fine root biomass and nutrient content in a black spruce peat soil with and without alder

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bhatti ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
P. W. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship

Vertical distribution of fine root biomass and nutrient content was examined within a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand growing on a boreal peat soil in northeastern Ontario. The influence of site physical and chemical properties on fine root biomass production was assessed. More then 80% of the fine roots were present in moss plus the top 10 cm of peat where nutrients and aeration are most favourable. The fine root biomass (W/V) was significantly higher with alder (5.9 kg m−3) (Alnus rugosa) as understory vegetation compared to non-alder locations (2.9 kg m−3). Total nutrient content in fine roots was 54, 3.2, 5.4, 63 and 5.7 kg ha−1 on the alder site and 20, 1.4, 2.3, 28 and 4.2 kg ha−1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg on the non-alder site, respectively. The mass (W/V) of nutrients in fine roots was strongly dependent upon the availability of nutrients in the peat. Fine root content had a strong positive relationship with peat available P and exchangeable K contents suggesting that P and K may be limiting nutrients for black spruce in this peat soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boreal peatlands, aeration, water table

scholarly journals Kajian Hutan Kota Malabar terhadap Kenyamanan Termal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Eduardo Hilario Bado Towary ◽  
Roedy Sulistyono ◽  
Sama’ Iradat Tito ◽  
Muh. Agus Ferdian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Important Value Index ◽  
The City

<pre>Comfort is something that humans need without exception when in a Green Open Space (RTH). Thermal comfort is a thermal condition felt by humans that is influenced by the environment. The existence of green space such as the City Forest of Malabar needs to be measured about it which can define its feasibility. (1) To examine the effect of thermal comfort in the Malabar forest on the community. (2) Analyzing vegetation in the Malabar city forest related to comfort. The results obtained in this study are the Temperature humidity index (THI) of respondents in the Malabar city forest known to average values of 22.42. It can be categorized that the Malabar city forest has a comfortable condition because in the index range 21 to 24. The analysis of the vegetation analysis in the Malabar city forest is concluded for the predominant vegetation sapling level, ie the pole glodokan plant with an important value index of 6.69. Whereas the pole level that dominates is mahogany with an important value index of 6.66. As for the tree level, the dominant vegetation types are plants with an important value index of 127.91</pre>

Carbon balance of the taiga forest within Alaska: present and future

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Yarie ◽  
Sharon Billings
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Paper Birch

Forest biomass, rates of production, and carbon dynamics are a function of climate, plant species present, and the structure of the soil organic and mineral layers. Inventory data from the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Inventory Analysis Unit was used to develop estimates of the land area represented by the major overstory species at various age-classes. The CENTURY model was then used to develop an estimate of carbon dynamics throughout the age sequence of forest development for the major ecosystem types. The estimated boreal forest area in Alaska, based on USFS inventory data is 17 244 098 ha. The total aboveground biomass within the Alaska boreal forest was estimated to be 815 330 000 Mg. The CENTURY model estimated maximum net ecosystem production (NEP) at 137, 88, 152, 99, and 65 g·m–2·year–1 for quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest stands, respectively. These values were predicted at stand ages of 80, 60, 41, 68, and 100 years, respectively. The minimum values of NEP for aspen, paper birch, balsam poplar, white spruce, and black spruce were –171, –166, –240, –300, and –61 g·m–2·year–1 at the ages of 1, 1, 1, 1, and 12, respectively. NEP became positive at the ages of 14, 19, 16, 13, and 34 for aspen, birch, balsam poplar, white spruce, and black spruce ecosystems, respectively. A 5°C increase in mean annual temperature resulted in a higher amount of predicted production and decomposition in all ecosystems, resulting in an increase of NEP. We estimate that the current vegetation absorbs approximately 9.65 Tg of carbon per year within the boreal forest of the state. If there is a 5°C increase in the mean annual temperature with no change in precipitation we estimated that NEP for the boreal forest in Alaska would increase to 16.95 Tg of carbon per year.

scholarly journals Circular Distribution of Branches from Plantation Grown Black Spruce in Ontario

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Benjamin ◽  
Ying Hei Chui ◽  
John A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Circular Distribution ◽  
Visual Grading ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Branch Size

Abstract The literature is not consistent in descriptions related to branch location around a stem and, consequently, few models exist to predict distribution of branch azimuth. The objective of this study was to determine if branches in black spruce are uniformly distributed around the stem at the tree, log, and whorl levels with respect to branch size. Branch size limits were selected to reflect the largest branch per whorl and knot size limits were established by visual grading rules for 2 × 3 and 2 × 4 dimension lumber. Using Rayleigh's test of uniformity, branches are considered to be uniformly distributed around the stem for all branch size limits: between 40 and 80% at the tree level, over 70% at the log level, and virtually 100% at the whorl level. The findings of this study indicate that a simple random assignment (from a uniform distribution) of branches around the stem within each whorl is sufficient to properly describe branch location within black spruce tree growth models.

Bioassay of forest floor nitrogen supply for plant growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van Cleve ◽  
O. W. Heal ◽  
D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
P Supply

Using a bioassay approach, this paper considers the nitrogen-supplying power of forest floors from examples of the major forest types in interior Alaska. Yield and net N uptake by paper birch seedlings grown in standardized mixtures of quartz sand and forest floor organic matter, and separate incubation estimates of N mineralization and nitrification for the forest floors, were employed to evaluate potential N supply. Black spruce and floodplain white spruce forest floors supplied only one-fifth the amount of N taken up by seedlings growing in other forest floors. Incubation estimates showed these forest floors yielded 4 and 15 times less extractable N, respectively, than the more fertile birch forest floors. In comparison with earlier estimates of P supply from these same forest floors, the upland types showed greater deficiency of N whereas floodplain types showed greater deficiency of P in control of seedling yield. The latter condition is attributed to the highly calcareous nature of the floodplain mineral soil, the consequent potential for P fixation, and hence greater potential deficiency of the element compared with N in mineralizing forest floors. Nitrogen concentration of the forest floors was the best predictor of bioassay response.

Individual height–diameter models for young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations in New Brunswick, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Lei ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tolerance Intervals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Historically, height–diameter models have mainly been developed for mature trees; consequently, few height–diameter models have been calibrated for young forest stands. In order to develop equations predicting the height of trees with small diameters, 46 individual height–diameter models were fitted and tested in young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations between the ages of 4 to 8 years, measured from 182 plots in New Brunswick, Canada. The models were divided into 2 groups: a diameter group and a second group applying both diameter and additional stand- or tree-level variables (composite models). There was little difference in predicting tree height among the former models (Group I) while the latter models (Group II) generally provided better prediction. Based on goodness of fit (R2and MSE), prediction ability (the bias and its associated prediction and tolerance intervals in absolute and relative terms), and ease of application, 2 Group II models were recommended for predicting individual tree heights within young black spruce and jack pine forest stands. Mean stand height was required for application of these models. The resultant tolerance intervals indicated that most errors (95%) associated with height predictions would be within the following limits (a 95% confidence level): [-0.54 m, 0.54 m] or [-14.7%, 15.9%] for black spruce and [-0.77 m, 0.77 m] or [-17.1%, 18.6%] for jack pine. The recommended models are statistically reliable for growth and yield applications, regeneration assessment and management planning. Key words: composite model, linear model, model calibration, model validation, prediction interval, tolerance interval

Site-specific growth and nutrition of planted Piceamariana in the Ontario Clay Belt. III. Biomass and nutrient allocation

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison D. Munson ◽  
V. R. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Allocation ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Multivariate Procedures ◽  
Nutrient Retranslocation ◽  
The Individual

First and second-season morphological responses of outplanted Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P. (black spruce) seedlings to site conditions of three cutover boreal ecosystems were analysed in terms of biomass and nutrient allocation to structural components (current shoots, previous year's shoots, stem, and roots). Improved N nutrition on an upland Feathermoss site had the greatest positive effect on biomass and nutrient allocation to current shoots, while allocation to other components was reduced. Seedlings on lowland Alnus – Herb poor and Ledum sites responded to site nutrient stress by allocating more biomass to the stem and roots. Multivariate procedures indicated that the overall pattern of biomass and nutrient allocation was significantly affected by site, and also differed depending on the individual element considered (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). Changes in nutrient-use efficiency with site were also investigated. With decreased seedling N uptake on the two lowland sites, biomass production per unit N increased, but specific absorption rate of roots decreased. Under N limitation, evidence for nutrient retranslocation was noted by decreases in nutrient content in the same component over 2 years and by lower concentrations in older shoots than in current growth. The alternative allocation of biomass and nutrients to seedling components with changes in site nutrition has implications for tree development on specific sites, and also for management of site nutrient regime to improve early seedling performance.

An individual-tree basal area growth model for black spruce in second-growth peatland stands

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Arthur Groot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Area Growth

A basal area growth model was developed to predict the growth of individual trees in second-growth black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands on northeastern Ontario peatlands. The data were derived from stem analysis trees collected in 1985 and 1986 from stands harvested 47-68 years earlier. For a period starting from the date of data collection and going back to 10 years from the harvesting, tree basal area growth, diameters, and stand characteristics were retrospectively calculated at 5-year intervals. To estimate previous mortality, self-thinning relationships for black spruce were applied. In the model, 5-year basal area growth of a tree was expressed as a function of tree diameter, stand-level competition, tree-level competition, and peat thickness. There was considerable change in the growth-size relationship over time. A random parameter approach was applied in model construction to account for the spatial and temporal correlations of the observations. The proposed model explicitly incorporates factors normally included in a "random error" term and, therefore, should provide more sensitive tests of the contributions of the various factors to growth prediction. The estimated model showed only slight bias against the modeling data and the predicted stand basal area development was comparable with that given in other studies.

Estimation of coarse root biomass and nutrient content for sugar maple, jack pine, and black spruce using stem diameter at breast height

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Marcel Brazeau ◽  
Jean-David Moore
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Breast Height

Estimates of belowground biomass and mineralomass are fundamental to understanding carbon and element cycling in forest ecosystems. At two sites, we measured coarse root (diameter ≥2 mm) biomass by diameter class and their mineralomass for sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.), black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees to relate them to stem diameter at breast height (DBH). All regressions describing coarse root biomass and nutrient content as a function of stem DBH were highly significant (r2 ≥ 0.89, P < 0.001). Root mineral element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) concentrations varied with tree species and root diameter class. Sugar maple roots had higher N, P, and S concentrations than the other two tree species. Black spruce had higher root Ca concentrations. Element concentrations increased consistently with the reduction of root diameter for the three studied species. We also found that the horizontal root extent of sugar maple was related to tree DBH. In conjunction with other studies, the relationship suggests that this tree species could tolerate a 10%–20% root loss but not losses ≥28%–34%; otherwise, sugar maple health and vigour would be compromised in the short term.

Early outplanting performance of nutrient-loaded containerized black spruce seedlings inoculated withLaccaria bicolor: a bioassay study

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Quoreshi ◽  
V R Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Light Vector ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Early growth potential of nutrient-loaded and (or) Laccaria bicolor (R. Mre.) Orton inoculated (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings was investigated using pot bioassays retrieved from a low-competition feathermoss site and a high competition hardwood-Alnus site in the boreal forest. Mycorrhizal seedlings were similar in biomass and shoot/root ratio to nonmycorrhizal seedlings at planting but significantly higher in nutrient content depending on fertilization regime and loading rate. After transplanting, both nutrient-loaded and inoculated seedlings outperformed conventional seedlings, increasing dry matter production by 20-49% with loading and by 45-92% with combined treatments. Nutrient uptake followed similar trends, increasing N, P, and K uptake by 80-124, 89-129, and 72-106%, respectively, for combined treatments compared with conventional seedlings, demonstrating the advantage of both nutrient loading and inoculation in early plantation establishment. Seedling response was greater on the feathermoss site, presumably because of less competition for nutrients and light. Vector diagnosis indicated the response was associated with a primary limitation of N and P that was alleviated by nutrient loading and mycorrhizal inoculation, particularly when treatments were combined. A strong correlation between preplant N content and outplant biomass suggests that initial nutritional status is a better criterion for predicting stock quality than traditional morphological parameters of seedlings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document