Sulfur constituents in soils and streams of a watershed in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Mitchell ◽  
M. B. David ◽  
D. G. Maynard ◽  
S. A. Telang
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Organic S ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Atmospheric Inputs ◽  
Stream Waters

Sulfur constituents of soils and streams were measured in the Marmot Basin watershed of the Rocky Mountains (Alberta). Total S in the soils ranged from 2.5 to 49.8 μmol/g dry mass; carbon-bonded S and ester sulfate were the dominant S constituents (67–86 and 5–32% of total S, respectively), with sulfate ranging from 0.1 to 8.1% of total S. Organic S was 12–21% of total S in stream waters. High concentrations of sulfate (93–355 μmol/L), Ca (763–1075 μmol/L), Mg (387–765 μmol/L), and C (1930–4160 μmol/L) in streams were due to mineral weathering. Atmospheric inputs of S at Marmot Creek were much less important than in forest ecosystems subject to acidic deposition. A tentative budget demonstrated the importance of weathering and organic S in this watershed. Analysis of one tributary (Middle Creek) along an elevation gradient indicated that a portion of the sulfate was retained within the terrestrial portion of the ecosystem in organic forms. The dynamics of these organic S constituents exert a major influence on S flux in some forest ecosystems as a result of their role in mineralization and immobilization processes.

scholarly journals Potential of macrophyte for removing arsenic from aqueous solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Guimaraes ◽  
R. Aguiar ◽  
J.A. Oliveira ◽  
J.A.A. Silva ◽  
D. Karam
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carotenoid Synthesis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of

The potential of three aquatic macrophytes, Azoll caroliniana, Salvinia minima and Lemna gibba, was evaluated in this work aimed at selection of plants to be used in remediation of environments contaminated by arsenic (As). The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during six days in pots containing Hoagland solution (¼ ionic strength) at As concentrations of 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg L-1. The three species showed greater As accumulation as the concentration of the metalloid in solution increased. However, a reduction was detected in fresh and dry mass gain when the plants were exposed to high As concentrations. The macrophytes showed differences in efficiency of removal of As in solution. A. caroliniana, S. minima and L. gibba accumulated, on average, 0.130; 0.200; and 1.397 mg mDM-1, respectively, when exposed to 5.0 mg L-1 of As. The macrophytes absorbed a greater quantity of As in solution with low phosphate content. The greater As concentration in L. gibba tissues lowered the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as shown by the high chlorosis incidence. Lemna gibba also exhibited a decrease in leaf size, with the total chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis not being affected by As in A. caroliniana. This species exhibited purplish leaves with high concentration of anthocyanin, whose presence suggested association to phosphate deficiency. Marginal necrosis occurred on S. minima floating leaves, with the released daughter-plants not showing any visual symptoms during the treatment. The percentage of As removed from the solution decreased when the plants were exposed to high concentrations of the pollutant. Among the three species studied, only L. gibba could be considered an As hyper-accumulator. The use of this plant species for remediation of aquatic environments was shown to be limited and requires further investigation.

Organic sulfur in throughfall, stem flow, and soil solutions from temperate forests

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Homann ◽  
Myron J. Mitchell ◽  
Helga Van Miegroet ◽  
Dale W. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stem Flow ◽  
S Cycling ◽  
The Difference

In the assessment of S cycling in forest ecosystems, solutions passing through the forests are normally analyzed for inorganic SO4; other forms of S are rarely considered. In this study, organic S (estimated as the difference between total S and SO4-S) was measured in canopy and soil solutions from eight forest stands spanning a broad range of overstory and soil types. Organic-S concentrations varied among the different types of solutions and among the forests, with values ranging from 0 to 50 μmol S•L−1. Organic S was ≤10% of total S in precipitation, 5 to 54% in throughfall, 1 to 50% in stem flow, 16 to 46% in O-horizon solution, 11 to 21% in A- or E-horizon solutions, and 0 to 29% in B-horizon solutions. Organic S was positively correlated with organic C and organic N in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) soil solutions and in Douglas-fir stem flow (r2 = 0.68 to 0.96, p < 0.001 ). Inclusion of solution organic S in nutrient cycling budgets can alter estimates of S transfers within forests and S transport out of some forest ecosystems.

Mobility of N and P in Phosphogypsum Pile and its Impact on Surface Water Quality in Guizhou Province, Southwestern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2096-2099
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Luo ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Quan An
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
River Waters ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Stream Waters ◽  
Drainage Waters

In order to evaluate the impacts of N and P mobility from phophogypsum on surface water quality, the dissolved N and P concentrations in the drainage and river waters nearby phophogypsum piles were investigated at the phosphoric acid plant regions in central Guizhou Province, and batch leaching tests for the phophogypsum was performed. The results shown that the concentrations of NH4+ and PO43− in leachate solutions from phophogypsum were 0.325~0.587 mg L−1 and 148.6~266.0 mg L−1, respectively, and higher concentrations of NH4+ (2.86~8.02 mg L−1) and PO43− (201.9~1195.6 mg L−1) in the drainage waters from phophogypsum pile. In phosphoric acid plant areas, the concentrations of NH4+ and PO43− in the stream waters nearby phophogypsum piles were 0.96~2.36 mg L−1 and 1.26~4.89 mg L−1, respectively, as indicated by high concentrations of NH4+ and PO43−, suggesting a eutrophication problem for surface water nearby phophogypsum piles in those areas.

scholarly journals Soil respiration variation along an altitudinal gradient in Italian Alps: Disentangling forest structure and temperature effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysan Badraghi ◽  
Maurizio Ventura ◽  
Andrea Polo ◽  
Luigimaria Borruso ◽  
Leonardo Montagnani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
C And N

AbstractTo understand the main determinants of soil respiration (SR), we investigated the changes of soil respiration and soil physicochemical properties, including soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), root C and N, litter C and N, soil bulk densities and soil pH at five forest sites, along an elevation/temperature gradient (404 to 2101 m a.s.l) in Northern Italy, where confounding factors such as aspect and soil parent material are minimized, but an ample variation in forest structure and composition is present. Our result indicated that SR rates increased with temperature in all sites, and about 55% - 76% of SR was explained by temperature. Annual cumulative SR, ranging between 0.65 and 1.40 kg C m-2 yr-1, declined along the elevation gradient, while temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SR increased with elevation. However, a high SR rate (1.27 kg C m-2 yr-1) and low Q10 were recorded in the old conifer forest stand at 1731 m a.s.l., characterized by a complex structure and high productivity, introducing nonlinearity in the relations with elevation and temperature. Reference SR at the temperature of 10°C (SRref) was not related to elevation. A significant linear negative relationship was found for bulk density with elevation. On the contrary, soil C, soil N, root C, root N, pH and litter mass were better fitted by nonlinear relations with elevation. However, it was not possible to confirm a significant correlation of SR with these parameters once the effect of temperature has been removed (SRref). These results show how the main factor affecting SR in forest ecosystems along this Alpine elevation gradient is temperature, but its regulating role can be strongly influenced by site biological characteristics, particularly vegetation type and structure. This study also confirms that high elevation sites are rich in C stored in the soil and also more sensitive to climate change, being prone to high carbon losses as CO2. Conversely, forest ecosystems with a complex structure, with high SRref and moderate Q10, can be more resilient.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FOUR STRAINS OF Nostoc AND Anabaena (CYANOBACTERIA, NOSTOCALES) IN RELATION TO SODIUM NITRATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Rosales Loaiza ◽  
Patricia Vera ◽  
Cateryna Aiello-Mazzarri ◽  
Ever Morales
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>Nitrogen concentration is an essential parameter in cyanobacterial cultures to produce enriched biomass with agricultural purposes. Growth and biochemical composition of Nostoc LAUN0015,Nostoc UAM206, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 was compared at 0, 4.25, 8.5 and 17 mM NaNO3. Cultures under laboratory conditions were maintained for 30 days at a volume of 500 mL. Anabaenasp.1 yielded the highest value of dry mass of 0.26 ± 2.49 mg mL-1 at 8.5 mM NaNO3. For chlorophyll, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were achieved maximum values at 17 mM NaNO3 with 18.09 ± 1.74, 102.90 ± 6.73 and 53.47 ± 2.40 μg mL-1, respectively. Nostoc LAUN0015 produced its maximum value of protein 644.86 ± 19.77 μg mL-1, and 890 mg mL-1 of carbohydrates in the absence of nitrogen. This comparative study shows that the most efficient strain for the production of protein, carbohydrates and lipids in diazotrophic conditions corresponded to Nostoc LAUN0015. However, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 required high concentrations of nitrogen to achieve higher values of metabolites, comparing with Nostoc strains. Nitrogen dependence for the production of pigments and high protein production in strains of Anabaena and in diazotrophic conditions for Nostoc was demonstrated. Nostoc can be cultured under nitrogen deficiency andAnabaena in sufficiency, for mass production of biomass with good nutritional profile.</p>

scholarly journals Coupled nitrogen transformation and carbon sink in the karst aquatic system: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Chen ◽  
Huanfang Huang ◽  
Haixiang Li ◽  
Jianhua Cao ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
System A ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Carbonate bedrock regions represent that 14% of Earth's continental surface and carbon (C) sink in karst water plays an important role in the global C cycle due to the CO2 consumption during carbonate mineral weathering. Intensive agriculture and urbanization have led to the excessive input of nitrogen (N) into aquatic systems, while the high concentrations of inorganic C in the karst water might affect the N cycle. This paper summarized the characteristics of water in karst regions and discussed the N transformation coupled with the C cycle in the condition of high Ca2+ content, high pH, and high C/N ratios. Carbonates can consume more atmospheric and pedologic CO2 than non-carbonates because of their high solubility and high rate of dissolution, resulting in the higher average CO2 sink in karst basins worldwide than that in non-karst basins. Therefore, carbonate mineral weathering and aquatic photosynthesis are the two dominant ways of CO2 absorption, which are termed as coupled carbonate weathering. As the alkalinity and high C/N content of karst water inhibit the denitrification and mineralization processes, the karst aquatic environment is also served as the N sink.

scholarly journals Historic range of variability of mountain forest ecosystems: concepts and applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Colorado Rocky Mountains

Concepts of historical range of variability (HRV) have taken on an increasingly important role in resource planning and the management of mountain forest ecosystems. This essay draws on examples from the study of the history of disturbance ecology in the Colorado Rocky Mountains and the southern Andes to examine key HRV concepts and their applications. These case studies show that historical perspectives can reduce the chances of major future surprises in ecosystem conditions related to climatic variation, which often overrides many of the effects of management practices. They demonstrate the long-lasting legacy effects of relatively infrequent but severe disturbances in the past that shaped the present landscape and its potential response to future climatic variation. Finally, the case studies illustrate the importance of conducting area-specific research in potential management areas rather than simply extrapolating research findings from studies of historic range of variability of forest ecosystems conducted elsewhere. Key words: climatic variation, disturbance, Rocky Mountains, Andes, Patagonia, Ponderosa pine, landscape, ecosystem management, fire

scholarly journals Mineral Types and Tree Species Determine the Functional and Taxonomic Structures of Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Colin ◽  
O. Nicolitch ◽  
M.-P. Turpault ◽  
S. Uroz
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Mineral Type

ABSTRACT Although minerals represent important soil constituents, their impact on the diversity and structure of soil microbial communities remains poorly documented. In this study, pure mineral particles with various chemistries (i.e., obsidian, apatite, and calcite) were considered. Each mineral type was conditioned in mesh bags and incubated in soil below different tree stands (beech, coppice with standards, and Corsican pine) for 2.5 years to determine the relative impacts of mineralogy and mineral weatherability on the taxonomic and functional diversities of mineral-associated bacterial communities. After this incubation period, the minerals and the surrounding bulk soil were collected to determine mass loss and to perform soil analyses, enzymatic assays, and cultivation-dependent and -independent analyses. Notably, our 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analyses revealed that after the 2.5-year incubation period, the mineral-associated bacterial communities strongly differed from those of the surrounding bulk soil for all tree stands considered. When focusing only on minerals, our analyses showed that the bacterial communities associated with calcite, the less recalcitrant mineral type, significantly differed from those that colonized obsidian and apatite minerals. The cultivation-dependent analysis revealed significantly higher abundances of effective mineral-weathering bacteria on the most recalcitrant minerals (i.e., apatite and obsidian). Together, our data showed an enrichment of Betaproteobacteria and effective mineral-weathering bacteria related to the Burkholderia and Collimonas genera on the minerals, suggesting a key role for these taxa in mineral weathering and nutrient cycling in nutrient-poor forest ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Forests are usually developed on nutrient-poor and rocky soils, while nutrient-rich soils have been dedicated to agriculture. In this context, nutrient recycling and nutrient access are key processes in such environments. Deciphering how soil mineralogy influences the diversity, structure, and function of soil bacterial communities in relation to the soil conditions is crucial to better understanding the relative role of the soil bacterial communities in nutrient cycling and plant nutrition in nutrient-poor environments. The present study determined in detail the diversity and structure of bacterial communities associated with different mineral types incubated for 2.5 years in the soil under different tree species using cultivation-dependent and -independent analyses. Our data showed an enrichment of specific bacterial taxa on the minerals, specifically on the most weathered minerals, suggesting that they play key roles in mineral weathering and nutrient cycling in nutrient-poor forest ecosystems.

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