A three-stage heuristic procedure for allocating spatially and temporally feasible cutting rights on public lands

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Nelson ◽  
A. F. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Heuristic Procedure ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Short Time

A three-stage heuristic procedure is described for allocating spatially and temporally feasible timber harvesting rights among competing operators. Within the forest, subzones that contain cut blocks are defined, a harvest schedule is generated, and then these zones are allocated to individual mills. In the first stage, a random search algorithm is used at the forest level to schedule cut blocks so that adjacency constraints and temporal volume flows are satisfied. In the second stage, zones are assigned to deficit mills using a least squares procedure that minimizes the deviations from specified targets. Multiple outputs can be included in the process through a normalization and goal-weighting technique. In the third stage, a ranking procedure that minimizes the total deviations from all targets is used to select the best solution from the set of feasible alternatives that was generated in stage 2. The three-stage heuristic procedure is demonstrated on a sample problem containing 20 zones, 430 cut blocks, three mills, and a 100-year planning horizon. Over 200 feasible alternatives to the allocation problem were found within a relatively short time. The three-stage procedure provides a useful framework for analyzing resource trade-offs among competing users.

scholarly journals Video compression based on Multiwavelet and Multi Stage Vector Quantization using Adaptive Diamond Refinement Search Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S5) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
Vector Quantization ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Good Compression

Due to the advances in the digital technology, multimedia processing has become the essential requirement in many applications. These applications find wide use in mobile, personal computer(PC), TV, surveillance and satellite broadcast. Also it is necessary that the video coding algorithms to be updated in order to meet the requirements of latest hardware devices. The processing speed and bandwidth are essential parameters in these applications. A good video compression standard can achieve these parameters adequately. In the proposed system, the video coding standard is implemented using the three important stages. In which the first sage uses multiwavelets to achieve good compression rate. Also it reduces the memory and bandwidth requirement. Second stage is the Multi Stage Vector Quantization(MVSQ) which reduces the complexity of searching process and the size of codebook. Third stage uses Adaptive Diamond Refinement Search(ADRS) algorithm for the motion estimation which has better performance than the Adaptive Diamond Orthogonal Search(ADOS) and Diamond Refinement Search(DRS) algorithms. The combination of multiwavelet, Multi Stage Vector Quantization(MVSQ) and Adaptive Diamond Refinement Search(ADRS) algorithm gives the high compression ratios. Preliminary results indicate that the proposed method has good performance in terms of average number of search points, PSNR values and compression rates.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

How well do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Hogg ◽  
Pamela Charlotte Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Voice

The first stage of this project aims to identify assessment measures which include items on voice-hearing by way of a systematic review. The second stage is the development of a brief framework of categories of positive experiences of voice hearing, using a triangulated approach, drawing on views from both professionals and people with lived experience. The third stage will involve using the framework to identify any positve aspects of voice-hearing included in the voice hearing assessments identified in stage 1.

scholarly journals When the World Breaks Down: A 3-Stage Existential Model of Nihilism in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Philipp Klar ◽  
Georg Northoff
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Intentional Structure

The existential crisis of nihilism in schizophrenia has been reported since the early days of psychiatry. Taking first-person accounts concerning nihilistic experiences of both the self and the world as vantage point, we aim to develop a dynamic existential model of the pathological development of existential nihilism. Since the phenomenology of such a crisis is intrinsically subjective, we especially take the immediate and pre-reflective first-person perspective’s (FPP) experience (instead of objectified symptoms and diagnoses) of schizophrenia into consideration. The hereby developed existential model consists of 3 conceptualized stages that are nested into each other, which defines what we mean by existential. At the same time, the model intrinsically converges with the phenomenological concept of the self-world structure notable inside our existential framework. Regarding the 3 individual stages, we suggest that the onset or first stage of nihilistic pathogenesis is reflected by phenomenological solipsism, that is, a general disruption of the FPP experience. Paradigmatically, this initial disruption contains the well-known crisis of common sense in schizophrenia. The following second stage of epistemological solipsism negatively affects all possible perspectives of experience, that is, the first-, second-, and third-person perspectives of subjectivity. Therefore, within the second stage, solipsism expands from a disruption of immediate and pre-reflective experience (first stage) to a disruption of reflective experience and principal knowledge (second stage), as mirrored in abnormal epistemological limitations of principal knowledge. Finally, the experience of the annihilation of healthy self-consciousness into the ultimate collapse of the individual’s existence defines the third stage. The schizophrenic individual consequently loses her/his vital experience since the intentional structure of consciousness including any sense of reality breaks down. Such a descriptive-interpretative existential model of nihilism in schizophrenia may ultimately serve as input for future psychopathological investigations of nihilism in general, including, for instance, its manifestation in depression.

scholarly journals A framework for reducing the overhead of the quantum oracle for use with Grover’s algorithm with applications to cryptanalysis of SIKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Jean-François Biasse ◽  
Benjamin Pring
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Circuit Complexity ◽  
Quantum Circuit ◽  
Grover’S Algorithm ◽  
Search Problems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Grover's Algorithm ◽  
Quantum Oracle ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIn this paper we provide a framework for applying classical search and preprocessing to quantum oracles for use with Grover’s quantum search algorithm in order to lower the quantum circuit-complexity of Grover’s algorithm for single-target search problems. This has the effect (for certain problems) of reducing a portion of the polynomial overhead contributed by the implementation cost of quantum oracles and can be used to provide either strict improvements or advantageous trade-offs in circuit-complexity. Our results indicate that it is possible for quantum oracles for certain single-target preimage search problems to reduce the quantum circuit-size from $O\left(2^{n/2}\cdot mC\right)$ (where C originates from the cost of implementing the quantum oracle) to $O(2^{n/2} \cdot m\sqrt{C})$ without the use of quantum ram, whilst also slightly reducing the number of required qubits.This framework captures a previous optimisation of Grover’s algorithm using preprocessing [21] applied to cryptanalysis, providing new asymptotic analysis. We additionally provide insights and asymptotic improvements on recent cryptanalysis [16] of SIKE [14] via Grover’s algorithm, demonstrating that the speedup applies to this attack and impacting upon quantum security estimates [16] incorporated into the SIKE specification [14].

scholarly journals GMBO: Group Mean-Based Optimizer for Solving Various Optimization Problems

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dehghani ◽  
Zeinab Montazeri ◽  
Štěpán Hubálovský
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimizer ◽  
Whale Optimization

There are many optimization problems in the different disciplines of science that must be solved using the appropriate method. Population-based optimization algorithms are one of the most efficient ways to solve various optimization problems. Population-based optimization algorithms are able to provide appropriate solutions to optimization problems based on a random search of the problem-solving space without the need for gradient and derivative information. In this paper, a new optimization algorithm called the Group Mean-Based Optimizer (GMBO) is presented; it can be applied to solve optimization problems in various fields of science. The main idea in designing the GMBO is to use more effectively the information of different members of the algorithm population based on two selected groups, with the titles of the good group and the bad group. Two new composite members are obtained by averaging each of these groups, which are used to update the population members. The various stages of the GMBO are described and mathematically modeled with the aim of being used to solve optimization problems. The performance of the GMBO in providing a suitable quasi-optimal solution on a set of 23 standard objective functions of different types of unimodal, high-dimensional multimodal, and fixed-dimensional multimodal is evaluated. In addition, the optimization results obtained from the proposed GMBO were compared with eight other widely used optimization algorithms, including the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA), the Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA), the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The optimization results indicated the acceptable performance of the proposed GMBO, and, based on the analysis and comparison of the results, it was determined that the GMBO is superior and much more competitive than the other eight algorithms.

The Origins of the Village Revisited: From Nuclear to Extended Households

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent V. Flannery
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Near East ◽  
Shared Storage ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Extended Households ◽  
The Village

In Mesoamerica and the Near East, the emergence of the village seems to have involved two stages. In the first stage, individuals were distributed through a series of small circular-to-oval structures, accompanied by communal or “shared” storage features. In the second stage, nuclear families occupied substantial rectangular houses with private storage rooms. Over the last 30 years a wealth of data from the Near East, Egypt, the Trans-Caucasus, India, Africa, and the Southwest U.S. have enriched our understanding of this phenomenon. And in Mesoamerica and the Near East, evidence suggests that nuclear family households eventually gave way to a third stage, one featuring extended family households whose greater labor force made possible extensive multifaceted economies.

Reconstruction of Tragus and External Auditory Meatus using Remnant Auricle during Microtia Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Yi-gao Hu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Thin Skin

AbstractThis article investigates an effective method with which to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus for microtia reconstruction. The external ear was reconstructed using a delayed postauricular skin flap in patients with congenital microtia. After the first stage of delaying the postauricular skin flap and the second stage of otoplasty with ear framework fabricated from autogenous rib cartilage draping with the delayed skin flap, the third stage involved tragus and external auditory meatus canaloplasty. After designing the remnant auricle flap, the lower part was trimmed and the tragus was reconstructed. The upper part was trimmed into a thin skin flap, which was rotated and used to cover the hollowed wound posterosuperior to the tragus so as to mimic the external auditory meatus. If remnant wounds were present, skin grafting was conducted. In total, 121 patients with congenital microtia were treated from March 2010 to March 2016. The reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus were well formed, and all wounds healed well. No severe complications such as flap necrosis occurred. Six months postoperatively, the morphology of the reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus was good. Overall, the patients and their families were satisfied. The use of remnant auricle to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus is an effective auricular reconstruction technique.

Order-disorder phenomena in α -brass - III. Influence of plastic deformation

1960 ◽  
Vol 257 (1290) ◽  
pp. 363-385 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Anneal Hardening ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Degree Of Order

The evolution of stored energy during heating for specimens of deformed α-brass is quite different from that previously observed for pure metals; the stored energy is much larger and at least three stages of evolution exist. These have been studied for deformation in torsion and tension and the results correlated with measurements of electrical resistivity, density and hardness. The large release of energy in the first two stages is attributed mainly to the return of order destroyed by plastic deformation; the degree of disorder after heavy cold work is much greater than after quenching (part II). However, slight deformation (10% tension) increases the degree of order slightly. The first stage of energy release, below 120 °C, is probably due to rapid reordering assisted by vacancies created during deformation. The second stage represents the bulk of the reordering and some recovery involving rearrangement and annihilation of dislocations. The deformed specimens are probably strain-aged and thus recovery is accompanied by the dispersal of atmospheres of zinc which increases resistivity and decreases density, to some extent counteracting the effects of recovery. The balance of these three processes in stage 2 causes complex behaviour, the magnitude and even the sign of some changes in properties varies with the deformation. Reordering is complete before the beginning of the third stage of further recovery and recrystallization, in which dispersal of atmospheres is again important. Comparison of measurements of energy, resistivity and density suggests that the high concentration of stacking faults contributes to the resistivity. Anneal hardening is observed for the higher deformations and the maximum hardness coincides with the maximum degree of order.

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