Identification en forêt de chênes sessiles (Quercus petraea) présentant un angle du fil du bois intrinsèquement faible

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1958-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Guilley ◽  
M Loubère ◽  
G Nepveu
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Spiral Grain ◽  
Grain Angle ◽  
Breast Height

Grain angle on bark (angle between the general direction of bark fissures and the axis of the trunk) was assessed at the four cardinal points at breast height (1.3 m) on 82 standing sessile oaks (Quercus petraea Liebl.). After felling, wood spiral grain was measured at breast height from cambium to pith along two diametrically opposite radii. A mixed-effect model that links the tangent of grain angle to radial position (age and distance from the pith) allows to estimate two individual parameters of grain angle. In the field, nondestructive measurements of grain angle (subcortical spiral grain or spiral grain on bark) on an individual tree combined with information on the tree stand allow to estimate one of the two parameters that describes the change in grain angle for a given radial increment. This parameter is independent of mean ring width, tree age and circumference, and site characteristics; it should allow a more accurate identification and selection of standing trees with low wood spiral grain.

Spiral grain in plantation trees of Piceaabies

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1662-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frede Danborg
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Angle Variation ◽  
Spiral Grain ◽  
Grain Angle ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
Large Trees

The spiral-grain angle of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) was measured on diametrical strips from five stands 23–47 years old, on soils of high and moderate fertility, most of which had been thinned heavily. Ninety-five small, average, and large trees from each stand were sampled from which 261 discs were sawn at heights ranging from 1.3 to 12 m. The basic pattern was typical for a conifer; spirality was left-handed in the inner annual rings, peaking in ring numbers 3 to 8, followed by a slow decline towards straight grain, or even right spirality, near the bark. The between-tree variation was statistically significant in all stands, with standard deviation near 1°. A stand may exhibit a specific pattern of grain angle variation along the bole, but no variation with height in stem could be generally applied for Piceaabies. For the three stands grown on fertile soils, the larger trees exhibited larger grain angles than the smaller trees. However, a consistent positive effect of ring width was only statistically significant for one stand. A subsample of 24 stem discs including 421 annual rings measured twice on two diametrical strips at right angles (i.e., crosses) showed fairly good accordance between the two directions, with a pooled standard deviation of 0.5°. The results support earlier conducted studies with respect to complex and perplexing variations in the basic pattern of spirality typical for a conifer.

Inheritance of spiral grain in the juvenile core of Pinus radiata

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Adrian Hathorn ◽  
Dominic Kain ◽  
Colin Matheson ◽  
Harry Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Spiral Grain ◽  
Grain Angle ◽  
Selection For

Spiral grain is the angular arrangement of fibres in a tangential plane with reference to the pith or vertical tree axis. Spiral grain angles exceeding 5° can cause wood to twist, which may result in a considerable amount of waste and degrade. We assessed spiral grain at breast height in two related progeny tests of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) aged 8 and 9 years established at two different sites in Australia. Radial trends for grain angle at the two sites were similar. Mean spiral grain (MSG) across the two trials was 4.3° with a standard deviation of 1.5° and a range of 0.8–10°. Estimates of individual tree heritabilities on a single-site basis for individual rings and MSG suggested that spiral grain is lowly to highly inherited (h2 = 0.11 ± 0.08 to 0.66 ± 0.21 for individual rings and 0.44 ± 0.12 for MSG). Additive genotypic correlations between individual rings grain angle and MSG were generally high, above 0.71, suggesting a favourable expected correlated response of mean grain angle in the juvenile wood to selection for grain angle of individual rings. Selection to reduce spiral grain on any of rings 2–4 (at a selection intensity of 1.755, i.e., selecting the best 10% of trees) would result in a predicted correlated genetic gain in MSG of 1.0°. Our results suggest that selection could be performed in any of the individual rings 2, 3, or 4 (equivalent to ages 4–6) and still achieve at least 75% of the genetic gain possible from selection on the mean of all rings 1–5 (MSG). This suggests that there is an optimum stage (rings 2–4) in which selection for this trait should take place. Our results suggest that a reduction in spiral grain angle in the juvenile core is one strategy to reduce the amount of lower grade timber owing to twist.

scholarly journals Patterns of phenotypic plasticity among populations of three Mediterranean pine species and implications for evolutionary responses to climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Vizcaíno-Palomar ◽  
Bruno Fady ◽  
Ricardo Alía ◽  
Annie Raffin ◽  
Sven Mutke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Climate Variation ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAimUnder rapid environmental change, phenotypic plasticity, if adaptive, could increase the odds for organisms to persist. Environmental variation over time is an important source of phenotypic plasticity. Likewise, phenotypic plasticity can vary with age in many organisms. However, little is known on phenotypic plasticity variation across species’ ranges. Our aims are: (i) to assess whether populations’ phenotypic plasticity is related to the inter-annual climate variation under which populations have evolved during the last century; (ii) to compare phenotypic plasticity among developmental classes; and (iii) to predict phenotypic plasticity across’ species ranges.LocationEurope and North-Africa.Time period1901-2014.Major taxa studiedPinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. pinea.MethodsWe used 372 646 individual tree height measurements at three developmental classes from a wide network of 38 common gardens in Europe and North Africa with provenances covering the distribution range of the species. With this data, we: i) build linear mixed-effect models of tree height as a function of tree age, population and climate; ii) estimate populations’ reaction norms from the fitted models; iii) calculate populations’ phenotypic plasticity indexes; iv) build models of populations’ phenotypic plasticity indexes as a function of inter-annual climate variation during the last century.ResultsWe found that i) most populations that have evolved under high inter-annual climate variation, in either maximum or minimum values in temperature or precipitation, exhibited high values of plasticity in tree height; ii) phenotypic plasticity for tree height was higher in young trees than in older ones, iii) phenotypic plasticity did not follow any particular geographical pattern across species’ ranges.Main conclusionsPhenotypic plasticity across the three Mediterranean pines’ ranges is related with the climate variation experienced over time and calls into question whether this plasticity could be adaptive and hence beneficial to cope with climate change in the short-term.

Growth and development of sugar maple as revealed by stem analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. F. Fayle ◽  
G. B. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Characteristics

Patterns of annual height and radial growth over a 50- to 60-year period are discussed for three 16- to 18-m-tall sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) of intermediate crown position growing in tolerant hardwood forest in central Ontario. Two of the trees had been released when they were about 6 m tall. Changes in the growth layer profile as the trees developed showed similarities to those reported for conifers but were modified by light conditions and crown characteristics. A repetitive pattern of changes in height and radial increment in response to changing environmental conditions occurred. Overall changes in the pattern of ring width at breast height appeared to be a good indicator of growth performance as they were close to those for specific volume increment.

Revisiting the transition between juvenile and mature wood: a comparison of fibre length, microfibril angle and relative wood density in lodgepole pine

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Mansfield ◽  
Roberta Parish ◽  
C. Mario Di Lucca ◽  
James Goudie ◽  
Kyu-Young Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Fibre Traits

AbstractIn an attempt to examine the dynamic inter-relationship among wood density and fibre traits [tracheid length and microfibril angle (MFA)] in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), 60 trees were sampled in three age classes from four sites in central British Columbia. Breast height discs were taken and relative wood density was measured along two radii. Tracheid length was assessed on isolated 5-year increments from pith to bark at breast height for each tree. MFA was determined every 50 μm and the 5-mm composite intervals from pith to bark per disc at breast height were used in the analysis. Segmented regression was employed to identify the “juvenile to mature wood” transition point, which revealed transition ages of 31, 18 and 15 for wood density, fibre length and MFA, respectively. These traits were related to primary growth, expressed as area increment, ring width, percent earlywood and height increment during the juvenile wood phase. Comparisons of wood and fibre traits showed a higher congruence between the time of transitions for fibre length and MFA (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.52) than that between fibre length and wood density (0.07), and MFA and wood density (0.16). The cessation of early rapid radial increment growth terminated before wood and fibre transitions to mature wood occurred. Fibre length was significantly, but not strongly, related to ring width and percent earlywood (0.35 for both). The duration of juvenile fibre production was not significantly related to height growth.

scholarly journals Radial increment dynamics in Pinus sylvestris stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Y. I. Gritsan ◽  
V. M. Lovynska ◽  
S. A. Sytnyk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees

The parameters of periodic increment (5-years) and peculiarities of its change depending on age, diameter, height and volume of trunk of Scots pine are determined. The influence of climate conditions (air temperature and precipitation) on the dynamics of radial increment change of Scots pine trees are established. The results of experimental studies, obtained from 20 temporary sample plots of pine stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. We conducted an estimate of radial increment of Scots pine trunks as a basis for development of normative and information support for assessment of biotic productivity of this category of forest. All selected sample trees had different age and biometric parameters. The age of sample trees ranged from 9 to 90 years; diameter at breast height – from 4.0 to 41.7 cm; height – from 4.2 to 30.0 m, trunk volume – from 0.002 to 1.748 m3. It is found that the radial increment of pine stem was significantly dependent on tree age. The highest values of radial increment of Scots pine trees were observed for trees aged up to 20 years. With increasing age, radial increment had a decreasing trend, including 90-year old trees. Regression models of the dependence of radial increment of pine trees on the age and diameter are presented. In the article, the dependence of the values of radial increment of sample trees from types of forest are demonstrated. The highest values of Scots pine radial increment was observed in sugruds and gruds, which were presented in tree samples of 20 years. Comparative analysis of radial increment change in the trees of one age category, which grew in different conditions, was conducted. The older trees had the maximum increment in the conditions of dry sugrud, and the minimum increment in conditions of fresh subor. Also in this article we used generalized chronology of Scots pine radial increment reflecting regional variability of growth in pine trees. The results supplemented the research obtained earlier with new data on the dependence of the pine radial growth rate on forest-biometric parameters. These experimental data, their graph-analytical evaluation yielded an information basis for modeling the radial increment of pine trees, created on the basis of dependence of this parameter on biometric indexes – age and diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals DENDROECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF Ocotea pulchella AND Nectandra maegapotamica ON TWO SITES NEAR SANTA MARIA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL (BRAZIL)

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Spathelf Peter Spathelf ◽  
Mário Tomazello Filho ◽  
Helio Tonini
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Santa Maria

AbstractA dendroecological analysis of Ocotea pulchella (n=5) and Nectandra megapotamica (n=2) was conducted on two sites near Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Growth data were obtained by tree-ring analysis of stem disks at breast height (1,3 m). Radial increment was measured on four perpendicular radii using the 'LINTAB' measuring device. Mean growth sequences were standardised to highlight short-term variation. Air temperature, precipitation and compound climatic quantities like evapotranspiration and water balance were used to find indications about the climate-growth relationship. Variation of wood increment and climatic variation was compared by using sensitivity and correlation analysis. Some factors as regional climate (seasonality) in general, wood structure of the species and cross-dating of individual radii indicate that annual growth banding is likely. Due to a lacking correspondence between water balance and ring width indexes, water stress does not seem to be the synchronising factor of radial increment. In view of the measured periodical radial increments, it becomes evident that for Ocotea goal-diameters of 50-60 cm at breast height cannot be obtained in a short time without thinning. No medium-term growth release was found for both species.Keywords: Dendroecology; annual rings; water balance; Ocotea pulchella; Nectandra megapotamica. ResumoAnálise dendroecológica de Ocotea pulchella e Nectandra megapotamica em dois sítios próximos a Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. A análise dendroecológica de Ocotea pulchella (n = 5) e Nectandra megapotamica (n = 2) foi realizada em dois sítios próximos ao município de Santa Maria, RS/Brasil. Os dados de crescimento das 2 espécies foram obtidos através da análise dos anéis de crescimento de amostras do lenho da altura do DAP (1,30 m). Os incrementos radiais foram mensurados em 4 orientações radiais e perpendiculares, utilizando a mesa de mensuração 'LINTAB'. O histórico do crescimento médio em diâmetro do tronco das árvores foi estandardizado para a análise da variação de curto prazo. A temperatura do ar, precipitação e outros componentes climáticos (ex.: evapotranspiração, balanço de água) foram utilizados para analisar as correlações existentes com o crescimento das árvores. As variações do incremento radial e das variações climáticas foram comparadas utilizando-se a análise de sensitividade e de correlação. Alguns fatores climáticos sazonais regionais, a estrutura do lenho das espécies e a datação cruzada dos raios das amostras dos lenhos comprovam que os anéis de crescimento demarcam incrementos anuais. Devido à inexistência de relação entre o balanço de água e os índices de largura dos anéis de crescimento nas árvores das 2 espécies, o estresse hídrico não parece desempenhar um fator crítico de sincronização dos incrementos radiais do tronco.Palavras-chave:     Dendroecologia; anéis de crescimento anuais; balanço de água; Ocotea pulchella; Nectandra megapotamica.

scholarly journals Climatic aspect of fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) mortality in the Eastern Sayan Mountains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Petrov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Shushpanov ◽  
S.T. Im ◽  
A.S. Golyukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Abies Sibirica ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Vital State ◽  
Eastern Sayan ◽  
The Individual

The study considers the climatic response of fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) radial increment in the zones of dark coniferous decline on the northern spurs of the Eastern Sayan Mountains. Radial increment of 203 fir trees was analyzed. The measurement of the tree ring width and the development of tree-ring chronologies were carried out according to the generally recognized dendrochronological methods. The individual tree-ring chronologies obtained were divided into two groups according to the characteristics of the vital state of trees and radial increment trends over the past decades. It was found that significant differences in radial increment were observed after the drought in 1999. Comparison of the radial increment indices with the SPEI showed that the depression in radial increment coincide with a decrease in the level of atmospheric moisture and an increase in the sensitivity of trees to atmospheric droughts. Atmospheric drought, which caused a decrease in radial increment, also preceded an increase in fir mortality and an outbreak of Polygraphus proximus Blandford.

Tree-Ring Formation, Radial Increment Periodicity, and Phenology of Tree Species from a Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio S. Lisi ◽  
Mário Tomazello Fo ◽  
Paulo C. Botosso ◽  
Fidel A. Roig ◽  
Vivian R.B. Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Southeast Brazil

Many tropical tree species produce growth rings in response to seasonal environmental factors that influence the activity of the vascular cambium. We applied the following methods to analyze the annual nature of treering formation of 24 tree species from a seasonal semi-deciduous forest of southeast Brazil: describing wood anatomy and phenology, counting tree rings after cambium markings, and using permanent dendrometer bands. After 7 years of systematic observations and measurements, we found the following: the trees lost their leaves during the dry season and grew new leaves at the end of the same season; trunk increment dynamics corresponded to seasonal changes in precipitation, with higher increment (active period) during the rainy season (October–April) and lower increment (dormant period) during the dry season (May–September); the number of tree rings formed after injuries to the cambium coincided with the number of years since the extraction of the wood samples. As a result of these observations, it was concluded that most study trees formed one growth ring per year. This suggests that tree species from the seasonal semi-deciduous forests of Brazil have an annual cycle of wood formation. Therefore, these trees have potential for use in future studies of tree age and radial growth rates, as well as to infer ecological and regional climatic conditions. These future studies can provide important information for the management and conservation of these endangered forests.

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