Evidence of environmental influence on the development of thermoregulation in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ferguson ◽  
W. L. Veale ◽  
K. E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
And Control

Sprague–Dawley rats were raised in an environmentally controlled room at 33 °C. Thermoregulatory responses of animals reared in this way were compared with those of control and warm-acclimated rats. Warm-reared animals demonstrated a significantly greater fall in colonic temperature during cold exposure when compared with both warm-acclimated (p < 0.01) and control (p < 0.001) animals. Warm-reared animals also show a modified response to central infusion of noradrenaline; they produce a hyperthermia in contrast with the hypothermia observed in control and warm-acclimated rats. These results suggest that the early thermal environment may modify the development of temperature regulation in the Sprague–Dawley rat in a way different from the normal acclimation process.

Surgical reduction of adipose tissue in the male Sprague-Dawley rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Kral
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Surgical Reduction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

The lipostatic theory of regulation of adipose tissue mass was tested by a method for surgical reduction (adipectomy) of 24% of the total body fat of nonobese adult Sprague-Dawley rats, as judged from carcass analyses. The reduction persisted during an observation period of 12 wk without any evidence of altered food intake, weight gain, or compensatory hypertrophy or hyperplasia of adipose tissue compared with sham-operated controls. No changes were found in serum free fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides, cholesterol, or insulin between adipectomized and control animals, implying an intact quantitative function of the remaining adipose tissue. It is concluded that the size of the adipocytes rather than the number is important for a presumed lipostatic regulation of adipose tissue mass in the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat.

EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED THYROIDITIS ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF THYROXINE IN RATS

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colum A. Gorman ◽  
James W. Anderson ◽  
Eunice V. Flock ◽  
Charles A. Owen ◽  
Khalil G. Wakim
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Thyroid Extract ◽  
Histologic Appearance ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimentally Induced

ABSTRACT Thyroiditis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated immunization with thyroid extract and Freund's adjuvant. Immunized and control animals were killed at intervals up to 6 hours after intravenous administration of 131I as iodide at 5, 8 and 10 weeks after the first injection. Radioiodinated compounds in the thyroid glands were identified chromatographically. Evidence of moderate thyroiditis was present (histologic appearance, gland weight, and protein-bound iodine-butanol-extractable iodine difference) but the rate of incorporation of radioiodide into thyroxine, the percentage of radioactivity in the gland as iodide, and the MIT/DIT ratio were not significantly different in immunized and control animals. The MIT/DIT ratio was found to vary with time after 131I administration in both immunized and control animals. These studies did not uncover a defect in organification of iodide in experimental thyroiditis similar to that described by others in humans with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

scholarly journals Lodenafil treatment in the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Bastos Polonio ◽  
Milena Marques Pagliareli Acencio ◽  
Rogério Pazetti ◽  
Francine Maria de Almeida ◽  
Bárbara Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

We assessed the effects of lodenafil on hemodynamics and inflammation in the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control; monocrotaline (experimental model); and lodenafil (experimental model followed by lodenafil treatment, p.o., 5 mg/kg daily for 28 days) Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was obtained by right heart catheterization. We investigated right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and IL-1 levels in lung fragments. The number of cases of RVH was significantly higher in the monocrotaline group than in the lodenafil and control groups, as were mPAP and IL-1 levels. We conclude that lodenafil can prevent monocrotaline-induced PH, RVH, and inflammation.

scholarly journals Synergistic suppression of pre-perfusion of donor livers with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment on hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Chuanming Tong ◽  
Weitao Guo ◽  
Rong Pu ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Hyperacute Rejection ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Cobra Venom Factor ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To investigate synergistic suppression of donor liver pre-perfusion with recipient serum (RS) and cobra venom factor (CVF) treatment on hyperacute rejection (HAR) following liver xenotransplantation. METHODS: Guinea-pigs (GP, n=24) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, n=24) were recruited. Before transplantation, serum was collected from SD rats and used for preparation of inactivated complements. GP and SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6), respectively: RS group, CVF group, RS+CVF group and control group. Orthotopic liver xenotransplantation was performed with modified two-cuff technique. The survival time and liver function of recipients, morphological and pathological changes in rat livers were investigated. RESULTS: There was no piebald like change in the recipient livers in all experiment groups. The survival time of recipients in all experiment groups was longer than that in control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the survival time in the RS+CVF group was markedly longer than that in the RS group (p<0.01) and CVF group (p<0.05). The serum ALT level in all experiment groups were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the ALT level in the RS+CVF group was significantly lower than that in the CVF group (p<0.05) and RS group (p<0.01). The histological damages were significantly improved when compared with the control group, and the histological damages in the RS+CVF group were milder than those in the remaining groups (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Pre-perfusion of donor liver with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment can exert synergistic suppressive effects on the hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation.

Changes in total body calcium balance with exercise in the rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. LeBlanc ◽  
H. J. Evans ◽  
P. C. Johnson ◽  
S. Jhingran
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Total Body Calcium ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Least Squares Fit ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of deconditioning on the total body calcium in rats. Two separate experiments were performed using female Sprague-Dawley rats, 187-266 days of age. Total body calcium was measured in experimental and control rats during and following several weeks of voluntary exercise. The slope from the least-squares fit of total body calcium with time was used to obtain an average calcium balance for each animal during each study period. In both groups the exercised rats had a significantly decreased calcium balance after cessation of exercise, whereas no significant change was seen in nonexercised controls. In both groups, the exercised animals gained calcium at a significantly greater rate than controls. Our findings indicate that while exercised rats may gain calcium at a faster rate compared with nonexercising controls, the rate of gain following cessation of exercise is less than the controls.

scholarly journals TRANSFERSOME GEL FORMULATION OF AN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF APPLES (MALUS DOMESTICA MILL) CONTAINING ANTIOXIDANTS AND IN VITRO PENETRATION TESTING USING FRANZ DIFFUSION CELLS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurarita Fadila Zesiorani ◽  
Effionora Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diffusion Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cells ◽  
Drug Efficiency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peel Extract

Objective: This study aims to formulate and characterize a transfersome apple peel extract, formulate it into a gel, and compare it with a control gelmade without transfersome.Methods: Both gels were evaluated, stability tested, and penetration tested using Franz diffusion cells on the skin of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Thetransfersome preparations were formulated with different concentrations of the active substance, quercetin: 0.5% (F1); 0.7% (F2), and 1.0% (F3).Results: Based on the characterization results, F1 was selected as the optimum gel formulation because it had spherical morphology, a Dmean volume of106.44±2.70 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.078±0.01, a zeta potential of −49.96±2.05 mV, and a drug efficiency entrapment percentage of 78.78±0.46%.The cumulative amount of quercetin that was penetrated with the transfersome gel was 1514.41±26.31 μg/cm2, whereas the penetration with thecontrol gel extract was 1133.62±18.96 μg/cm2. The cumulative percentages of the penetrated gel transfersome and gel extract were 78.40±1.89%and 49.89±0.88%, respectively. The fluxes of transfersome gel and control gel extract were 52.33±0.11 μg/cm²/hrs and 40.89±0.68 μg/cm²/hrs,respectively.Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the gel with transfersome exhibited better penetration than the gel extract alone.

Malignant lymphoma with middle ear involvement in a Sprague-Dawley rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-423
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Lafond ◽  
Annick Landry
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Neoplastic Lymphocytes ◽  
Tensor Tympani Muscle

Sprague-Dawley rats are amongst the most widely used animals in biomedical research and malignant lymphoma has long been known to be a frequent neoplasm in these animals. A 9-month-old male control Sprague-Dawley rat from a toxicity study showed gelatinous material in the cranial cavity and dark, thickened cerebral meninges at necropsy. At microscopic evaluation of the temporal bone, neoplastic lymphocytes were seen invading several structures of the middle ear. The neoplastic cells appeared to extend from the marrow of the temporal bone, covered the dorsal part of the tympanic cavity wall, and surrounded and infiltrated the base of the tensor tympani muscle as well as the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. The lymphoma was generalized; neoplastic lymphocytes were also noted in numerous other tissues. Literature regarding neoplasms of the middle and inner ear in animals is scarce and, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a lymphoma involving the middle ear of a rat.

Lung Cancer Incidence After Exposure of Rats to Low Doses of Radon: Influence of Dose Rate

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Morlier ◽  
M. Morin ◽  
G. Monchaux ◽  
P. Fritsch ◽  
J.F. Pineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Control

Abstract To study the effect on lung cancer incidence of a long exposure to low levels of radon, 500 male 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, were exposed to a cumulative dose of 25 WLM of radon and its daughters, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, during 18 months. Exposure conditions were controlled in order to maintain a defined PAEC: 42 x 10-6 J.m-3 (2 WL), in the range of domestic and environmental exposures. Animals were kept until they died or given euthanasia when moribund. Mean survival times were similar in both irradiated and control groups: 828 days (SD = 169) and 830 days (SD = 137), as well as lung cancer incidence, 0.60% at 25 WLM and 0.63% for controls. The incidence of lung lesions was compared statistically with controls and those previously obtained at cumulative exposures of 25 and 50 WLM delivered over a 4-6 month period, inducing a significant increase of lung cancer, 2.2% and 3.8% respectively. Such a comparison showed a decreased lung cancer incidence related to a decrease in the dose rate for low levels of radon exposure.

scholarly journals Potency of Murraya koenigii Leaves as Anti-Cancer Mammary in 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) induced-Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01058
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah ◽  
Ekowati Handharyani ◽  
Nurliani Bermawie ◽  
Agus Setiyono
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The purpose of the research was to study the potency of Murraya koenigii leaves extract to overcome the mammary tumor in Sprague Dawley rat. Thirty-five female rats were divided into seven groups: control (P1), tumor without therapy (P2), methotrexate group (P3), curative groups (P4 and P5) were given extract after the tumor was formed, and preventive groups (P6 and P7) were given extract before the tumor was formed with dose of 300 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The induction of mammary tumor in rats were carried out using 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) subcutaneously. Bodyweight and tumor size were measured every week for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, rats were euthanized and mammary glands were collected for histopathological examination. The result showed tumor size in P2 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in other groups. On the other hand, tumor size in P4 and P6 were significantly smaller (p<0.05) compared to P5 and P7. Histopathological changes showed PMN cells, 1-3 layers of cuboid epithelial and solid collagen fibers proliferation in P2, while in P3 to P7 showed moderate collagen fibers proliferation. In conclusion, the administration of the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg can decelerate tumor development in Sprague Dawley rat mammary gland.

Salty Solutions: Their Effects on Thermal Set Points in Behavioral Repertoires of Albino Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Rwanda Aker ◽  
Stanley W. Howard ◽  
Wendy M. Jones ◽  
Morgan W. Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Post Hoc

Salt (sodium chloride) has been linked to increased blood pressure and a rise in core body temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate the role played by salt in altering behavioral thermoregulation in albino rats. Different doses of sodium chloride were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of microwave reinforcement in rats tested in a cold Skinner Box. Three Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW reinforcement in a repeated-measures reversal design. Friedman's non-parametric test showed significant differences among sodium chloride doses and physiologically normal saline. Post hoc sign tests showed that all doses of NaCI suppressed operant behavior for heat except 60 mg/kg. The hypothesis that sodium chloride lowers hypothalamic set point for heat was partially supported.

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