Site specificity of fat cell lipolysis during pregnancy in two strains of rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Savard ◽  
M. R. C. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Cell Size

The response to energy intake and expenditure is thought to be influenced by the genetic background. In the present study the metabolic response to pregnancy and to exercise training during pregnancy was investigated in two strains of rats. Lean Zucker and Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control pregnant (CP), exercise-trained pregnant (TRP), and not trained and not pregnant control (CNP). Trained rats swam 3 h per day, 6 days per week, throughout pregnancy. Body weight and food intake increased similarly during pregnancy in both strains (p ≤ 0.05). However, only Wistar rats had a further increase of food intake and body weight during the second half of pregnancy: TRP weighed 29.1 more grams and ate 4.5 more grams of food per day than CP at the end of pregnancy (p ≤ 0.05). Inguinal and parametrial fat cell sizes were unchanged during pregnancy. In both strains training induced a decrease of inguinal fat cell size at the beginning of pregnancy (p ≤ 0.05), which was rapidly counteracted to reach CP values on day 20 of pregnancy. Parametrial fat cell size was also decreased by training (p ≤ 0.05), but no values returned to control levels during pregnancy. In both strains, pregnancy increased fat cell lipolysis in the inguinal depot only (p ≤ 0.05). Training during pregnancy inhibited fat cell lipolysis in inguinal and parametrial depots, especially in Zucker (p ≤ 0.05), TRP reaching values similar to control values on day 20 of pregnancy. These results suggest that the effects of exercise training on the morphology of adipose tissue are similar in different strains of rats. They also show that the mobilization of fatty acids during pregnancy could respond to training in a strain-specific manner.Key words: adipose tissue, lipolysis, rat strain differences, pregnancy.

Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on development of obesity in the Zucker obese rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. E72-E78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Greenwood ◽  
M. P. Cleary ◽  
R. Gruen ◽  
D. Blase ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Obese Rats

Young Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) female rats were fed the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (-)-hydroxy-citrate as a dietary admixture for 39 days. In the lean rats, (-)-hydroxycitrate treatment decreased body weight, food intake, percent of body fat, and fat cell size. In the obese rat, food intake and body weight were reduced but the percent of body fat remained unchanged. Throughout the treatment period, obese rats maintained a fat cell size equivalent to their obese controls. Although a reduction in fat cell number in the obese rats occurred during the treatment period, marked hyperplasia was observed during the posttreatment period. The results of this study indicate that the obese rat, despite a substantial reduction in body weight produced by (-)-hydroxycitrate, still defends its obese body composition.

Hormonal modulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase may alter food intake in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. E162-E167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Steingrimsdottir ◽  
J. Brasel ◽  
M. R. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Hormonal Modulation ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase

Daily injections of 5 mg progesterone for 3 wk preferentially increased parametrial depot weight and fat cell size in ovarian intact rats. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was also preferentially increased in the parametrial depot. LPL activity increased at 24 h, whereas food intake did not increase until 36 h after the first injection. Parametrial fat cell size was significantly increased by 84 h and increased further by 3 wk. Daily injections of 2.5 microgram of estradiol for 3 wk decreased fat cell size and LPL activity in the parametrial depot of female rats, whereas in vitro glycerol release was unchanged. Serum triglycerides were increased, but free fatty acids were unaffected. The data suggest that ovarian hormones affected fat cell size in the rat through their modulation of LPL activity. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, during progesterone administration, preferential uptake of serum triglycerides into adipose stores decreases the availability of triglyceride-derived energy to the organism stimulating increased food intake.

scholarly journals Methionine requirement of kittens given amino acid diets containing adequate cystine

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Smalley ◽  
Quinton R. Rogers ◽  
James G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. The effects of feeding either high-protein (HP) or low-protein (LP) diets between 1.8 and 15 kg live weight (LW) and a low-energy (LE) or high-energy (HE) intake subsequently on the cellularity of muscle and adipose tissue in pigs growing to 75 kg LW were investigated.2. The effects of the nutritional treatments on muscle tissue were assessed from the weight and DNA content of the m. adductor. For adipose tissue the total DNA content and fat cell size of the subcutaneous adipose tissue contained in the left shoulder joint were determined.3. Feeding the LP diets in early life reduced the weight and DNA content of the m. adductor (P < 0.01) and increased fat cell size (P < 0.01) at 15 kg LW.4. Subsequent to 15 kg there was an almost linear increase in muscle DNA with increasing LW, and the difference between pigs from the initial protein treatments progressively diminished and was no longer apparent at 60 kg LW.5. At 30 kg LW, pigs given the LP diets before 15 kg LW contained less DNA in the subcutaneous adipose tissue from the shoulder joint (P < 0.01) and had larger fat cells (P < 0.05) than pigs given the HP diets initially. However, adipose DNA and fat cell size increased with increasing LW and the differences resulting from the initial protein treatments progressively diminished. On the LE and HE treatments subsequent to 15 kg these differences were no longer evident at 45 and 60 kg respectively.6. Pigs given the HE intake subsequent to 15 kg, contained less DNA in muscle tissue (P < 0·05) at 60 and 75 kg LW and had larger fat cells (P < 0·05) at 45, 60 and 75 kg LW, than pigs on the LE treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding level and of protein level in early life on the cellularity of adipose tissue and body fat content of growing pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. The effects of level of feeding and level of protein in the early postnatal period on the cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue and body fat content of pigs were investigated in two experiments.2. In Expt 1, piglets were given a common liquid diet at energy intakes equivalent to 2·8 or 5·2 times energy for maintenance (M) between 1·8 and 6·5 kg live weight (LW), and a common dry diet at 2·8 or 4·5 M between 6·5 and 20 kg LW. Between 20 and 75 kg LW all pigs were given a second dry diet at 4·0 M.3. In both experiments the effects of nutritional treatments on fat cell number at 20 and 75 kg LW (Expt 1) and at 45 kg LW (Expt 2) were assessed by measuring the DNA content of the subcutaneous adipose tissue contained in the left shoulder joint. Fat cell size was assessed in the same tissue by measuring the diameter of collagenase-released adipocytes.4. In Expt 1, raising the level of feeding between 1·8 and 6·5 kg LW increased body fat content and average fat cell diameter at both 6·5 (P < 0·01) and 20 kg LW (P < 0·05) but had no effect on either measurement at 75 kg LW. Similarly, raising the level of feeding between 6·5 and 20 kg LW increased body fat content and fat cell size at both 20 (P < 0·01) and 75 kg LW (P < 0·05). There was an almost twofold increase in the DNA content of subcutaneous adipose tisuue between 20 and 75 kg LW. However, it was not significantly affected at either weight by level of feeding before or subsequent to 6·5 kg LW.5. In Expt 2, reducing the level of dietary protein between 1·8 and 6·5 kg LW increased body fat content (P < 0·01) and fat cell size (P < 0·01) at the latter weight. Although level of dietary protein to 6·5 kg LW had no effect on body fat content or the weight of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the shoulder joint at 45 kg LW, pigs given the lowest-protein diet contained less DNA (P < 0·05) in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and had larger (P < 0·05) fat cells than those given the highest-protein diet to 6·5 kg LW. Reducing the protein content of the diet fed subsequent to 6·5 kg LW increased the body fat content (P < 0·01) and fat cell size (P < 0·01) at 45 kg LW.

Relationships among changes of serum leptin concentration, leptin mRNA expression in white adipose tissue (WAT), and WAT fat-cell size in female Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakamura ◽  
T. Okano ◽  
H. Shibata ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
T. Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
The Relationship

As a first step to study the relationship between fat accumulation and reproductive success in Japanese black bears ( Ursus thibetanus japonicus Schlegel, 1857) with the focus on leptin, we determined leptin cDNA sequences in the bears. Next, we studied the possibility of white adipose tissue (WAT) as a leptin secretion source by observing the changes of leptin mRNA expression in WAT by semiquantitative real-time reverse transcript – polymerase chain reaction, the index of WAT fat-cell size, and serum leptin concentration in pregnant bears. Then, based on our results, we discussed roles of leptin in those bears. The amino acid sequences of leptin from the bears were highly identical to that of other carnivores. The expression of leptin mRNA in WAT was detected from September to January, with a tendency to increase in late November and January; the relationship between changes in the index of WAT fat-cell size and those in serum leptin concentration was high (r = 0.55, P < 0.01), with an increase in both in mid-November. These results suggested that leptin was mainly secreted from WAT in bears and that serum leptin concentrations might reflect their nutritional condition. Moreover, leptin might serve as an indicator of their fat mass, which would affect their survival during hibernation and their reproductive success.

Adipose tissue fat cell size and number in relation to metabolism in randomly selected middle-aged men and women

Metabolism ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Björntorp ◽  
Calle Bengtsson ◽  
Göran Blohmé ◽  
Anders Jonsson ◽  
Lars Sjöström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fat Cell Size
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