The entrainment role of photoperiod on hypoosmoregulatory and growth-related aspects of smolting in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Potential yearling (1+) smolts were maintained under 8.25 h light: 15.75 h dark and constant temperature (10.0 °C) from late December. Groups were subjected to an abrupt increase to 16 h light: 8 h dark on December 31 (group A), February 1 (group B), March 1 (group C), or March 31 (group D). Group E was maintained under constant 8.25 h light: 15.75 h dark for the duration of the experiment and group LDN was maintained under a simulated natural photoperiod cycle (45°N). Plasma osmolality levels following 24-h, 29‰ salinity challenge tests indicated a photoperiod-independent development of hypoosmoregulatory mechanisms preceding completion of smoltification that was significantly correlated with fish body size. As judged by 96-h, 37.5‰ salinity tolerance tests and changes in condition factor, completion of smolting occurred in sequence; in groups A and B it was advanced to late February, while groups C and D completed smolting in mid-March and mid-April, respectively, compared with late May for group LDN. Group E, maintained under constant 8.25 h light: 15.75 h dark, developed salinity tolerance in late May, but unlike other groups exhibited no large reduction in condition factor. Following smolting, an increase in condition factor and a loss of salinity tolerance occurred in all groups. The results support the hypothesis that changes in photoperiod entrain an endogenous circannual rhythm involved in controlling the completion of smoltification and subsequent loss of some smolt characteristics.

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Effect of bromocriptine and metergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemic states

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1000010 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bruno Ambrosi ◽

Pietro Travaglini ◽

Paola Moriondo ◽

Marina Nissim ◽

Claudio Nava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Gonadal Function ◽

Similar Extent ◽

Antitumoral Effect ◽

Length Of Treatment ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

Precise Role

Abstract. The effects of bromocriptine or metergoline treatment were evaluated in 80 hyperprolactinaemic patients (62 women and 18 men). The patients were subdivided into 4 groups: group A) 16 women with idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia; group B) 19 women with untreated Prl-secreting microadenomas; group C) 27 women with unsuccessfully operated prolactinomas; group D) 18 men with unsuccessfully treated macroprolactinomas. Sixty-eight patients were given bromocriptine (2.5–20 mg/day) for 3–58 months and 33 patients were given metergoline (4–16 mg/day) for 3–19 months. Bromocriptine and metergoline were equally effective in the treatment of functional hyperprolactinaemia and of untreated microadenomas, while bromocriptine showed a more potent Prl-lowering effect than metergoline in patients with higher Prl levels and large prolactinomas; both drugs restored the gonadal function to a similar extent, though metergoline was effective in some cases, even in the absence of full Prl suppression. Bromocriptine seems to exert an antitumoral effect, as documented by CT scan in some patients with macroadenomas, but the precise role of both drugs with respect to dose, length of treatment and effectiveness after withdrawal needs to be evaluated further.

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Assessment of Real-Time Operative Torque during Nickel–Titanium Instrumentation with Different Lubricants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandro Mazzoni ◽

Andrea Pacifici ◽

Alessio Zanza ◽

Andrea Del Giudice ◽

Rodolfo Reda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Sample Mean ◽

Group A ◽

Torsional Loads ◽

Group B ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Group D

The aim of the present study is twofold: to assess ex vivo the role of different lubricants on real-time torque generated during intracanal instrumentation and to check whether two different kinds of torque parameters, operative torque (OT) and average peak torque (APT), could produce similar results. Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were selected for the present study and divided into four equal groups (n = 10): Group A, NaCl 0.2%; Group B, NaOCl 5%; Group C, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and Group D, EDTA and hydrogen peroxide. Afterwards, Edge Taper F2 (Edge Endo, Albuquerque, New Mexico) were rotated clockwise at 300 rpm with 3 Ncm maximum torque by an endodontic torque recording motor. In each sample, mean OT and mean APT were recorded and statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni between groups (p < 0.05). EDTA (12.11 ± 4.45 Ncm) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower values compared with the other tested irrigant for both parameters. Overall, the two different parameters were both able to differentiate between the influence of lubricants on torsional loads.

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The potential role of mobile phones in the spread of bacterial infections

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.556 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (08) ◽

pp. 628-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Kabir O. Akinyemi ◽

Audu D. Atapu ◽

Olabisi O. Adetona ◽

Akitoye O. Coker

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phones ◽

Potential Role ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

Bacterial Agent ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

BACKGROUND: Mobile phones are indispensable accessories both professionally and socially but they are frequently used in environments of high bacteria presence. This study determined the potential role of mobile phones in the dissemination of diseases. METHODOLOGY: Specifically, 400 swab samples from mobile phones were collected and divided into groups categorized by the owners of the phones as follows: Group A was comprised of 100 food vendors; Group B, 104 lecturers/students; Group C, 106 public servants; and Group D, 90 health workers. Samples were cultured and the resulting isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests by standard procedures. RESULTS: The results revealed a high percentage (62.0%) of bacterial contamination. Mobile phones in Group A had the highest rate of contamination (92; 37%), followed by Group B (76; 30.6%), Group C (42; 16.9%), and Group D (38; 15.3%). Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was the most prevalent bacterial agent from mobile phones in Group A (50.1%) and least from phones in Group D (26.3), followed by S. aureus. Other bacterial agents identified were Enterococcus feacalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. There was no statistical significance difference (P < 0.05) in the occurrence of S. aureus, the most frequently identified pathogenic bacterial agent isolated from the mobile phones in the study groups. Fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporin were found to be effective against most isolates. CONCLUSION: Mobile phones may serve as vehicles of transmission of both hospital and community-acquired bacterial diseases. Strict adherence to infection control, such as hand washing, is advocated.

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HEPATOTOXICITY;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.957 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (08) ◽

pp. 1200-1205

Author(s):

Aamna Khokhar ◽

Aisha Qayyum ◽

Momina Khokhar

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Protective Role ◽

Alanine Transaminase ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Medical College ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Objectives: To evaluate the protective role of silymarin against methotrexate(MTX) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Study design: Randomized controlled trial on animalmodel. Period: 06 months from March 2016 to August 2016. Settings: Department ofPharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Material and Methods:Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=6). Group A received 0.2 mlnormal saline intraperitoneally served as control for MTX. Group B received 0.2 ml distilled waterorally for 7 days served as control for oral silymarin. Group C received single intraperitonealinjection of MTX 20 mg/kg. Group D received silymarin 25 mg/kg orally for seven days. GroupE received silymarin 25 mg/kg orally for 7 days with MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally at day 4.Blood samples for measuring serum ALT (Alanine Transaminase), AST (Aspartate transaminase)and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) along with liver samples for hepatic histological examinationwere taken after 24 hours of last dose. Results: Silymarin show hepatoprotective effect againstMTX induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Silymarin has hepatoprotective potential whenadministered along with MTX.

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PEMANFAATAN RIMPANG KUNIR PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria) SEBAGAI PENGURANG KERUSAKAN STRUKTUR MIKROANATOMI HEPAR MENCIT AKIBAT ALKOHOL

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.9.2.200410 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 119-123

Author(s):

Lisdiana Lisdiana

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Control Group ◽

Curcuma Zedoaria ◽

Weight Group ◽

Alternative Healing ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Curcuma zedoaria, familia Zingiberaceae, has been used for along time as an alternative healing. active compounds within it are coneol, comphene, borneol, camphor, zedoarin, resin, gum, and curcumin. Curcumin is an antioxidan that can slow cell damages caused by toxicant. The purpose of this research was to find out the role of Curcuma zedoaria’s rhizome for minimizing damage of microanatomical structure of liver caused by alcoholic toxicant. Samples in the research were 24 mice (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster. They were grouped randomly into 8 groups. Each group was treated as follow. Group A (control group) was given fresh water. Group B was given whisky. Group C was given 500 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group D was given 750 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group E was given Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group F was given whisky and, 2 hours later, 500 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group G was given whisky and, 2 hours later, 750 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. The last group was given whisky and, 2 hours later, 1000 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. The treatment was carried out during 8 days. A microanatomy slide of liver was made by using parafin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin dying. Data was analyzed by using descriptive method, comparing between the control group and the experiment groups. The result of the research showed that the powder of the Curcuma zedoaria’s rhizome has been useful in minimizing damage of hepar microanatomy structure of the mice affected by alcohol. The effective dosage was 1000 mg/kg body weight.

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Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.22319/rmcp.v10i3.4528 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 536-551

Author(s):

Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽

María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽

Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽

Pablo Correa Girón † ◽

Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Strain ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Direct Immunofluorescence ◽

Biometric Analysis ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

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The Role of Obesity in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000517180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Serdar Sahin ◽

Havva Sezer ◽

Ebru Cicek ◽

Yeliz Yagız Ozogul ◽

Murat Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Study Groups ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Care Providers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Introduction: The aim of this was to describe the predictors of mortality related to COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Methods: We included the patients >18 years of age, with at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Patients were grouped according to body mass index values as normal weight <25 kg/m2 (Group A), overweight from 25 to <30 kg/m2 (Group B), Class I obesity 30 to <35 kg/m2 (Group C), and ≥35 kg/m2 (Group D). Mortality, clinical outcomes, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities were compared among 4 groups. Results: There was no significant difference among study groups in terms of mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in group B and D than group A, while it was higher in Group D than Group C (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.017], Group D vs. Group A [p = 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.016]). Lung involvement was less common in Group A, and presence of hypoxia was more common in Group D (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.025], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p = 0.006], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.014]). The hospitalization rate was lower in Group A than in the other groups; in addition, patients in Group D have the highest rate of hospitalization (Group B vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group C vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p < 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.010]). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity presented with more severe clinical findings. Health-care providers should take into account that people living with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications.

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AB0422 LEFT VENTRICULAR ABNORMALITIES IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS FOLLOWED BY SEQUENTIAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1510.1-1511

Author(s):

T. Kuga ◽

M. Matsushita ◽

K. Tada ◽

K. Yamaji ◽

N. Tamura

Keyword(s):

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Systolic Dysfunction ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Monocyte Count ◽

Lv Dysfunction ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Lv Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

Group D

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is detected in up to 50% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients1and major cause of death2. Even clinically silent SLE patients can develop left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction3. Proper echocardiographic follow up of SLE patients is required.Objectives:To clarify how the prevalence of LV abnormalities changes over follow-up period and identify the associated clinical factors, useful in suspecting LV abnormalities.Methods:29 SLE patients (24 females and 5 men, mean age 52.8±16.3 years, mean disease duration 17.6±14.5 years) were enrolled. All of them underwent echocardiography as the baseline examination and reexamined over more than a year of follow-up period(mean 1075±480 days) from Jan 2014 to Sep 2019. Patients complicated with pulmonary artery hypertension, deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and underwent cardiac surgery during the follow-up period were excluded. Left ventricular(LV) systolic dysfunction was defined as ejection fraction (EF) < 50%. LV diastolic dysfunction was defined according to ASE/EACVI guideline4. LV dysfunction (LVD) includes one or both of LV systolic dysfunction and LV diastolic function. Monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR) was calculated by dividing monocyte count with HDL-C level.Prevalence of left ventricular abnormalities was analysed at baseline and follow-up examination. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were compared among patient groups as follows; patients with LV dysfunction (Group A) and without LV dysfunction (Group B) at the follow-up echocardiography, patients with LV asynergy at any point of examination (Group C) and patients free of LV abnormalities during the follow-up period (Group D).Results:At the baseline examination, LV dysfunction (5/29 cases, 13.8%), LV asynergy (6/29 cases, 21.7%) were detected. Pericarditis was detected in 7 patients (24.1%, LVD in 3 patients, LV asynergy in 2 patients) and 2 of them with subacute onset had progressive LV dysfunction, while 5 patients were normal in echocardiography after remission induction therapy for SLE. At the follow-up examination, LV dysfunction (9/29 cases, 31.0%, 5 new-onset and 1 improved case), LV asynergy (6/29 cases, 21.7%, 2 new-onset and 2 improved cases) were detected. Though any significant differences were observed between Group A and Group B at the baseline, platelet count (156.0 vs 207.0, p=0.049) were significantly lower in LV dysfunction group (Group A) at the follow-up examination. Group C patients had significantly higher uric acid (p=0.004), monocyte count (p=0.009), and MHR (p=0.003) than Group D(results in table).Conclusion:LV dysfunction is progressive in most of patients and requires regular follow-up once they developed. Uric acid, monocyte count and MHR are elevated in SLE patients with LV asynergy. Since MHR elevation was reported as useful marker of endothelial dysfunction5, our future goal is to analyse involvement of monocyte activation and endothelial dysfunction in LV asynergy of SLE patients.References:[1]Doria A et al. Lupus. 2005;14(9):683-6.[2]Manger K et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Dec;61(12):1065-70.[3]Leone P et al. Clin Exp Med. 2019 Dec 17.[4]Nagueh SF et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016 Apr;29(4):277-314.[5]Acikgoz N et al. Angiology. 2018 Jan;69(1):65-70.Numbers are median (interquartile range), Mann-Whitney u test were performed, p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

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Tissue Ki67 proliferative index expression and pathological changes in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae: Preliminary single-center results

The Journal of Vascular Access ◽

10.1177/11297298211015495 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112972982110154

Author(s):

Raffaella Mauro ◽

Cristina Rocchi ◽

Francesco Vasuri ◽

Alessia Pini ◽

Anna Laura Croci Chiocchini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Set Up ◽

Group B

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis integrates outward remodeling with vessel wall thickening in response to drastic hemodynamic changes. Aim of this study is to determine the role of Ki67, a well-established proliferative marker, related to AVF, and its relationship with time-dependent histological morphologic changes. Materials and methods: All patients were enrolled in 1 year and stratified in two groups: (A) pre-dialysis patients submitted to first AVF and (B) patients submitted to revision of AVF. Morphological changes: neo-angiogenesis (NAG), myointimal thickening (MIT), inflammatory infiltrate (IT), and aneurysmatic fistula degeneration (AD). The time of AVF creation was recorded. A biopsy of native vein in Group A and of arterialized vein in Group B was submitted to histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. IHC for Ki67 was automatically performed in all specimens. Ki67 immunoreactivity was assessed as the mean number of positive cells on several high-power fields, counted in the hot spots. Results: A total of 138 patients were enrolled, 69 (50.0%) Group A and 69 (50.0%) Group B. No NAG or MIT were found in Group A. Seven (10.1%) Group A veins showed a mild MIT. Analyzing the Group B, a moderate-to-severe MIT was present in 35 (50.7%), IT in 19 (27.5%), NAG in 37 (53.6%); AD was present in 10 (14.5%). All AVF of Group B with the exception of one (1.4%) showed a positivity for Ki67, with a mean of 12.31 ± 13.79 positive cells/hot spot (range 0–65). Ki67-immunoreactive cells had a subendothelial localization in 23 (33.3%) cases, a myointimal localization in SMC in 35 (50.7%) cases. The number of positive cells was significantly correlated with subendothelial localization of Ki67 ( p = 0.001) and with NA ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: Native veins do not contain cycling cells. In contrast, vascular cell proliferation starts immediately after AVF creation and persists independently of the time the fistula is set up. The amount of proliferating cells is significantly associated with MIT and subendothelial localization of Ki67-immunoreactive cells, thus suggesting a role of Ki-67 index in predicting AVF failure.

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Prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon occlusion for patients with pernicious placenta previa: a retrospective study

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-021-01354-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fei Huo ◽

Hansheng Liang ◽

Yi Feng

Keyword(s):

Placenta Previa ◽

Balloon Occlusion ◽

Artery Embolism ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Clinical Records ◽

Group D ◽

Central Placenta Previa

Abstract Background Pernicious placenta previa (PPP) can increase the risk of perioperative complications. During caesarean section in patients with adherent placenta, intraoperative blood loss, hysterectomy rate and transfusion could be reduced by interventional methods. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of maternal hemodynamics control and neonatal outcomes of prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon (PTAAB) occlusion for patients with pernicious placenta previa. Methods This was a retrospective study using data from the Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2014 through January 2020. Clinical records of pregnant women undergoing cesarean section were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: treatment with PTAAB placement (group A) and no balloon placement (group B). Group A was further broken down into two groups: prophylactic placement (Group C) and balloon occlusion (group D). Results Clinical records of 33 cases from 5205 pregnant women underwent cesarean section were collected. The number of groups A, B, C, and D were 17, 16, 5 and 12.We found that a significant difference in the post-operative uterine artery embolism rates between group A and group B (0% vs.31.3%, p = 0.018). There was a significant difference in the Apgar scores at first minute between group A and group B (8.94 ± 1.43 vs 9.81 ± 0.75,p = 0.037),and the same significant difference between two groups in the pre-operative central placenta previa (29.4% vs. 0%,p = 0.044), complete placenta previa (58.8% vs 18.8%, p = 0.032),placenta implantation (76.5% vs 31.3%, p = 0.015). We could also observe the significant difference in the amount of blood cell (2.80 ± 2.68vs.10.66 ± 11.97, p = 0.038) and blood plasma transfusion (280.00 ± 268.32 vs. 1033.33 ± 1098.20, p = 0.044) between group C and group D. The significant differences in the preoperative vaginal bleeding conditions (0% vs 75%, p = 0.009), the intraoperative application rates of vasopressors (0% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.044) and the postoperative ICU (intensive care unit) admission rates (0% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.044) were also kept. Conclusions PTAAB occlusion could be useful in reducing the rate of post-operative uterine artery embolism and the amount of transfusion, and be useful in coping with patients with preoperative vaginal bleeding conditions, so as to reduce the rate of intraoperative applications of vasopressors and the postoperative ICU (intensive care unit) admission. In PPP patients with placenta implantation, central placenta previa and complete placenta previa, we advocate the utilization of prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon placement.

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