An efficient improved routing strategy for multilayer networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150078
Author(s):  
Jinlong Ma ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Yaming Li ◽  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Weizhan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Average Transmission ◽  
Simulation Results

Traffic dynamics of multilayer networks draws continuous attention from different communities since many systems are actually proved to have a multilayer structure. Since the core nodes of network are prone to congested, an effective routing strategy is of great significance to alleviate the congestion of the multilayer networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient improved routing strategy, with which the core nodes that can reasonably avoid congestion at the high-speed layer in the transmission process of packets, and can also make the most of the traffic resources of the low-speed layer nodes to optimize the traffic capacity of multilayer networks. The simulation results show that the proposed routing strategy can not only improve the network traffic capacity, but also shorten the average path length and average transmission time.

Method to enhance traffic capacity for two-layer complex networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1599-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Man-Gui Liang ◽  
Hui-Jia Li
Keyword(s):  
Topological Structure ◽  
Peer Networks ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Virtual Links ◽  
Peer To Peer Networks ◽  
Average Transmission ◽  
Simulation Results

The study of traffic dynamics on multilayered networks is a hot issue, where the network topology is composed of two layers of subnetworks, such as wired–wireless networks and peer-to-peer networks. Virtual links on the logical layer can be changed or constructed easily, and therefore the topological structure of the upper logical layer can be efficiently constructed by a link removal strategy. In this paper, edges linking to nodes with large betweenness will be removed. The structure of the upper-layer network can be optimized freely based on our method. Simulation results show that for both shortest path routing strategy and efficient routing strategy, the traffic capacity of two-layer networks is significantly improved. In addition, the average transmission time of packets and the average path length are also investigated in this paper.

Improved efficient routing strategy on two-layer complex networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Ma ◽  
Weizhan Han ◽  
Qing Guo ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Junfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Simulation Results

The traffic dynamics of multi-layer networks has become a hot research topic since many networks are comprised of two or more layers of subnetworks. Due to its low traffic capacity, the traditional shortest path routing (SPR) protocol is susceptible to congestion on two-layer complex networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient routing strategy named improved global awareness routing (IGAR) strategy which is based on the betweenness centrality of nodes in the two layers. With the proposed strategy, the routing paths can bypass hub nodes of both layers to enhance the transport efficiency. Simulation results show that the IGAR strategy can bring much better traffic capacity than the SPR and the global awareness routing (GAR) strategies. Because of the significantly improved traffic performance, this study is helpful to alleviate congestion of the two-layer complex networks.

Enhancing traffic capacity for multilayer networks by link rewiring

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150254
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Jinlong Ma ◽  
Junfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Traffic Capacity

The traffic dynamics of complex networks is closely related to network structure. By changing network structure, the traffic dynamics behavior can be optimized. Faced with the network congestion problem, we focus on the relationship between network traffic capacity and its structure. The multilayer networks are studied, which are composed of high-speed and low-speed layers. A link rewiring strategy is proposed to change the low-speed layer structure and improve the network traffic capacity. Compared with the random link rewiring strategy, the purposeful link rewiring strategy can improve network traffic capacity. A large number of simulations are carried out under the effective traffic-flow assignment strategy to prove the effectiveness of the link rewiring strategy. This strategy improves packet transmission efficiency of low-speed layer, and reduces the average length of effective path, which indicates that adjustment of low-speed layer structure can improve traffic capacity of multilayer networks.

Method to enhance traffic capacity for multilayer networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 2050140
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Yaming Li ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Jinlong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Transmission Effect ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
High Degree

The network structure acquires great influence on the traffic capacity for complex network. Since the nodes with high degree usually bear large load in the process of packet transmission, we propose a new multilayer network model which can balance the load of low-speed and high-speed layers. The simulation results show that compared with the randomly select nodes multilayer network model, the new network model makes the multilayer network load more balanced, thereby enhancing traffic capacity of the network and reducing the possibility of congestion. This network model gives full play to the transmission advantages of the high-speed layer of the multilayer network, and can reduce the consumption of resources while achieving the same transmission effect, which is of guiding significance for the planning of network lines.

An incremental optimal routing strategy for scale-free networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 1450044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Yuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Optimal Routing ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Real Complex ◽  
Link Congestion

The link congestion based traffic model can more accurately reveal the traffic dynamics of many real complex networks such as the Internet, and heuristically optimizing each link's weight for the shortest path routing strategy can strongly improve the traffic capacity of network. In this work, we propose an optimal routing strategy in which the weight of each link is regulated incrementally to enhance the network traffic capacity by minimizing the maximum link betweenness of any link in the network. We also estimate more suitable value of the tunable parameter β for the efficient routing strategy under the link congestion based traffic model. The traffic load of network can be significantly balanced at the expense of increasing a bit average path length or average traffic load.

Traffic dynamics on two-layer networks with community structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150272
Author(s):  
Jinlong Ma ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Weiheng Wang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Ruimei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Community Strength ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Simulation Results

In terms of reducing traffic congestion, it should be understood that traffic dynamics depend on network structure. Most of complex networks in the real world can be represented by multi-layer and community structures, that is, the connections within the community are relatively close, and the connections between the community are relatively sparse. There are generally strong and weak community networks in community networks. In this work, the strong and weak community networks are used to construct two-layer network models of different scales, and then the influence of community structure on traffic capacity is analyzed. The simulation results show that when the two-layer network model is composed of two strong community networks, the traffic capacity is the largest, followed by the two-layer network model composed of two weak community networks, the traffic capacity is also relatively large. When the two subnetworks are of different community strength, the traffic capacity is relatively small.

The self-adaptive routing strategy to alleviate packet loss in finite buffer networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
pp. 123402
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Qing-Yang Liu ◽  
Xiang Ling ◽  
Li-Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Finite Buffer ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Traffic Capacity

Abstract In real communication or transportation systems, loss of agents is very common due to finite storage capacity. We study the traffic dynamics in finite buffer networks and propose a routing strategy motivated by a heuristic algorithm to alleviate packet loss. Under this routing strategy, the traffic capacity is further improved, comparing to the shortest path routing strategy and efficient routing strategy. Then we investigate the effect of this routing strategy on the betweenness of nodes. Through dynamic routing changes, the maximum node betweenness of the network is greatly reduced, and the final betweenness of each node is almost the same. Therefore, the routing strategy proposed in this paper can balance the node load, thereby effectively alleviating packet loss.

scholarly journals Flow Dynamic Analysis of Core Shooting Process through Experiment and Multiphase Modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Ni ◽  
Gaochun Lu ◽  
Tao Jing ◽  
Junjiao Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Frictional Stress ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Core Shooting Process

Core shooting process is the most widely used technique to make sand cores and it plays an important role in the quality of sand cores as well as the manufacture of complicated castings in metal casting industry. In this paper, the flow behavior of sand particles in the core box was investigated synchronously with transparent core box, high-speed camera, and pressure measuring system. The flow pattern of sand particles in the shooting head of the core shooting machine was reproduced with various colored core sand layers. Taking both kinetic and frictional stress into account, a kinetic-frictional constitutive correlation was established to describe the internal momentum transfer in the solid phase. Two-fluid model (TFM) simulations with turbulence model were then performed and good agreement was achieved between the experimental and simulation results on the flow behavior of sand particles in both the shooting head and the core box. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the flow behavior of sand particles in the core box, the formation of “dead zone” in the shooting head, and the effect of drag force were analyzed in terms of sand volume fraction (αs), sand velocity (Vs), and pressure variation (P).

An efficient routing strategy for traffic dynamics on two-layer complex networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 1850155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Ma ◽  
Huiling Wang ◽  
Zhuxi Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Congwen Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Optimal Paths ◽  
Traffic Capacity

In order to alleviate traffic congestion on multilayer networks, designing an efficient routing strategy is one of the most important ways. In this paper, a novel routing strategy is proposed to reduce traffic congestion on two-layer networks. In the proposed strategy, the optimal paths in the physical layer are chosen by comprehensively considering the roles of nodes’ degrees of the two layers. Both numerical and analytical results indicate that our routing strategy can reasonably redistribute the traffic load of the physical layer, and thus the traffic capacity of two-layer complex networks are significantly enhanced compared with the shortest path routing (SPR) and the global awareness routing (GAR) strategies. This study may shed some light on the optimization of networked traffic dynamics.

Design of PCI Express X1 to CPCI Express X1 Adapter

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Clock Signal ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Pci Express ◽  
The Core ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Online Tests

This paper presents the design and development of a PCI Express X1 to CPCI Express X1 adapter which researchers can utilize to test, debug and develop CPCI/PXI Express X1 interface cards in PCI Express X1, X4, X8, X16 slots. The adapter uses Multi-layer Impedance Controlled PCB to precisely control the single-ended and differential impedance of the core high-speed transceiver differential signals and the clock signal. Signal integrity was analyzed by HyperLynx and online tests were verified successfully. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the adapter is completely compatible with the interface specifications and the transferred signal is correct and effective.

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