scholarly journals DARK VISCOUS FLUID DESCRIBED BY A UNIFIED EQUATION OF STATE IN COSMOLOGY

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1341-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE REN ◽  
XIN-HE MENG
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Dissipative Effect ◽  
Eos Parameter ◽  
Friedmann Equations ◽  
Λcdm Model ◽  
Unique Framework ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Single Constant

We generalize the ΛCDM model by introducing a unified EOS to describe the Universe contents modeled as dark viscous fluid, motivated by the fact that a single constant equation of state (EOS) p = -p0 (p0 > 0) reproduces the ΛCDM model exactly. This EOS describes the perfect fluid term, the dissipative effect, and the cosmological constant in a unique framework and the Friedmann equations can be analytically solved. Especially, we find a relation between the EOS parameter and the renormalizable condition of a scalar field. We develop a completely numerical method to perform a χ2 minimization to constrain the parameters in a cosmological model directly from the Friedmann equations, and employ the SNe data with the parameter [Formula: see text] measured from the SDSS data to constrain our model. The result indicates that the dissipative effect is rather small in the late-time Universe.

scholarly journals Barboza–Alcaniz equation of state parametrization: Constraining the parameters in different gravity theories

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (21) ◽  
pp. 1950163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Promila Biswas ◽  
Ritabrata Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Loop Quantum Gravity ◽  
Cosmic Acceleration ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Eos Parameter ◽  
Whole Space ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Gravity Theories ◽  
The Universe

To justify the 20-year old distant Ia Supernova observations which revealed to us that our universe is experiencing a late-time cosmic acceleration, propositions of existence of exotic fluids inside our universe are made. These fluids are assumed to occupy homogeneously the whole space of the universe and to exert negative pressure from inside such that the late-time accelerated expansion is caused. Among the different suggested models of such exotic matters/energy popularly coined as dark matter/dark energy (DE), a well-known and popular process is “introduction of redshift parametrization” of the equation of state (EoS) parameter of these fluids. We, very particularly, take the parametrization proposed by Barboza and Alcaniz (BA) along with the cosmological constant. We use 39 data points for Hubble’s parameter calculated for different redshifts and try to constrain the DE EoS parameters for BA modeling. We then constrain the DE parametrization parameters in the background of Einstein’s general relativity, loop quantum gravity and Horava–Lifshitz gravity one after another. We find the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] confidence contours for all these cases and compare them with each other. We try to speculate which gravity is constraining the parameters most and which one is letting the parameters to stay within a larger domain. We tally our results of 557 points Union2 Sample and again compare them for different gravity theories.

scholarly journals Almost-Pseudo-Ricci Symmetric FRW Universe with a Dynamic Cosmological Term and Equation of State

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mandal ◽  
Avik De ◽  
Tee-How Loo ◽  
Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Cosmological Term ◽  
Ricci Scalar ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Frw Universe ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The objective of the present paper is to investigate an almost-pseudo-Ricci symmetric FRW spacetime with a constant Ricci scalar in a dynamic cosmological term Λ(t) and equation of state (EoS) ω(t) scenario. Several cosmological parameters are calculated in this setting and thoroughly studied, which shows that the model satisfies the late-time accelerating expansion of the universe. We also examine all of the energy conditions to check our model’s self-stability.

scholarly journals A look into the cosmological consequences of a dark energy model with higher derivatives of H in the framework of Chameleon Brans–Dicke cosmology

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pasqua ◽  
Surajit Chattopadhyay ◽  
Aroonkumar Beesham
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Dark Energy Model ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Statefinder Parameters ◽  
Eos Parameter ◽  
Higher Derivatives ◽  
De Formula ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Far Future

In this paper, we study some relevant cosmological features of a Dark Energy (DE) model with Granda–Oliveros cut-off, which is just a specific case of Nojiri–Odintsov holographic DE [S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 38 (2006) 1285] unifying phantom inflation with late-time acceleration, in the framework of Chameleon Brans–Dicke (BD) cosmology. Choosing a particular ansatz for some of the quantities involved, we derive the expressions of some important cosmological quantities, like the Equation of State (EoS) parameter of DE [Formula: see text], the effective EoS parameter [Formula: see text], the pressure of DE [Formula: see text] and the deceleration parameter [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we study the behavior of statefinder parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], of the cosmographic parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and of the squared speed of the sound [Formula: see text] for both case corresponding to noninteracting and interacting Dark sectors. We also plot the quantities we have derived and we calculate their values for [Formula: see text] (i.e. for the beginning of the universe history), for [Formula: see text] (i.e. for far future) and for the present time, indicated with [Formula: see text]. The EoS parameters have been tested against various observational values available in the literature.

scholarly journals Tsallis agegraphic dark energy model

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950086 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdollahi Zadeh ◽  
A. Sheykhi ◽  
H. Moradpour
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Dark Energy Model ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Conformal Time ◽  
Classical Level ◽  
Agegraphic Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

Using the non-extensive Tsallis entropy and the holographic hypothesis, we propose a new dark energy (DE) model with timescale as infrared (IR) cutoff. Considering the age of the Universe as well as the conformal time as IR cutoffs, we investigate the cosmological consequences of the proposed DE models and study the evolution of the Universe filled by a pressureless matter and the obtained DE candidates. We find that although this model can describe the late time acceleration and the density, deceleration and the equation of state parameters show satisfactory behavior by themselves, these models are classically unstable unless the interaction between the two dark sectors of the Universe is taken into account. In addition, the results of the existence of a mutual interaction between the cosmos sectors are also addressed. We find out that the interacting models are stable at the classical level which is in contrast to the original interacting agegraphic dark energy models which are classically unstable [K. Y. Kim, H. W. Lee and Y. S. Myung, Phys. Lett. B 660, 118 (2008)].

scholarly journals Chameleon field dynamics during inflation

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Saba ◽  
Mehrdad Farhoudi
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Inflationary Model ◽  
Slow Roll ◽  
Equation Of State Parameter ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe

By studying the chameleon model during inflation, we investigate whether it can be a successful inflationary model, wherein we employ the common typical potential usually used in the literature. Thus, in the context of the slow-roll approximations, we obtain the e-folding number for the model to verify the ability of resolving the problems of standard big bang cosmology. Meanwhile, we apply the constraints on the form of the chosen potential and also on the equation of state parameter coupled to the scalar field. However, the results of the present analysis show that there is not much chance of having the chameleonic inflation. Hence, we suggest that if through some mechanism the chameleon model can be reduced to the standard inflationary model, then it may cover the whole era of the universe from the inflation up to the late time.

scholarly journals Effect of Fast Scale Factor Fluctuations on Cosmological Evolution

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Igor I. Smolyaninov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Cosmological Evolution ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Cosmological Constant Problem ◽  
Friedmann Equations ◽  
Newtonian Dynamics ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

In this paper, we study the corrections to the Friedmann equations due to fast fluctuations in the universe scale factor. Such fast quantum fluctuations were recently proposed as a potential solution to the cosmological constant problem. They also induce strong changes to the current sign and magnitude of the average cosmological force, thus making them one of the potential probable causes of the modification of Newtonian dynamics in galaxy-scale systems. It appears that quantum fluctuations in the scale factor also modify the Friedmann equations, leading to a considerable modification of cosmological evolution. In particular, they give rise to the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe, and they may also considerably modify the effective universe potential.

Kaluza–Klein dark energy model in the form of wet dark fluid in f(R, T) gravity

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. SAHOO ◽  
B. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Wet Dark Fluid ◽  
Dark Fluid ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Kaluza Klein

A five dimensional Kaluza-Klein space time is considered with wet dark fluid (WDF) source in the framework of f(R,T) gravity, where R is the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor proposed by Harko et al. (Phys. Rev. D \textbf{84}, 024020, (2011)). A new equation of state in the form of WDF has been used for dark energy (DE) component of the universe. It is modeled on the equation of state p=\omega(\rho-\rho^*) which can be describing a liquid, for example water. The exact solutions to the corresponding field equations are obtained for power law and exponential law of the volumetric expansion. The geometrical and physical parameters for both the models are studied. The model obtained here may represent the inflationary era in the early universe and the very late time of the universe. This model obtained here shows that even in the presence of wet dark fluid, the universe indicates accelerated expansion of the universe.

Kaluza–Klein dark energy model in the form of wet dark fluid in f(R, T) gravity

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1062-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Sahoo ◽  
B. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Wet Dark Fluid ◽  
Dark Fluid ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Kaluza Klein

In this paper, we have investigated the five-dimensional Kaluza–Klein space time with wet dark fluid (WDF), which is a candidate for dark energy (DE), in the framework of f(R, T) gravity. R and T denote the Ricci scalar and the trace of the energy–momentum tensor, respectively (Harko et al. Phys. Rev. D, 84, 024020 (2011)). We have used equation of state in the form of WDF for the DE component of the universe. It is modeled on the equation of state p = ω(ρ – ρ*). With the help of the power law and exponential law of volumetric expansion, we have derived the exact solutions of the corresponding field equations. The geometrical and physical parameters for both the models are studied. The model obtained here may represent the inflationary era in the early universe and very late time of the universe. It is concluded that the model obtained here shows that even in the presence of WDF, the universe indicates accelerated expansion of the universe.

scholarly journals Cosmological aspects of sound speed parameterizations in fractal universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jawad ◽  
Sadaf Butt ◽  
Shamaila Rani ◽  
Khadija Asif
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Eos Parameter ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Equation Of State Parameter ◽  
The Universe

AbstractIn the framework of fractal universe, the unified models of dark energy and dark matter are being presented with the background of homogenous and isotropic FLRW geometry. The aspects of fractal cosmology helps in better understanding of the universe in different dimensions. Relationship between the squared speed of the sound and the equation of state parameter is the key feature of these models. We have used constant as well as variable forms of speed of sound and express it as a function of equation of state parameter. By utilizing the four different forms of speed of sound, we construct the energy densities and pressures for these models and then various cosmological parameters like hubble parameter, EoS parameter, deceleration parameter and Om- diagnostic are investigated. Graphical analysis of these parameters show that in most of the cases EoS parameters and trajectories of Om-diagnostic corresponds to the quintessence like nature of the universe and the deceleration parameters represent accelerated and decelerated phase. In the end, we remark that cosmological analysis of these models indicates that these models correspond to different well known dark energy models.

Kantowski–Sachs cosmological solutions in the generalized teleparallel gravity via Noether symmetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
pp. 1650095 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Motavalli ◽  
A. Rezaei Akbarieh ◽  
M. Nasiry
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Teleparallel Gravity ◽  
Noether Symmetry ◽  
Anisotropic Model ◽  
Eos Parameter ◽  
Scale Factors ◽  
Cosmological Solutions ◽  
Frw Metric ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Friedmann Robertson Walker

We study the f(T) theory as an extension of teleparallel gravity and consider the Noether symmetry of Kantowski–Sachs (KS) anisotropic model for this theory. We specify the explicit teleparallel form of f(T) and find the corresponding exact cosmological solutions under the assumption that the Lagrangian admits the Noether symmetry. It is found that the universe experiences a power law expansion for the scale factors in the context of f(T) theory. By deriving equation of state (EOS) parameter, we show that the universe passes through the phantom and [Formula: see text]CDM theoretical scenarios. In this way, we estimate a lower limit age for the universe in excellent agreement with the value reported from recent observations. When KS model reduces to the flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric, our results are properly transformed into the corresponding values.

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