ROLE OF SOLVENT IN SLURRY PHASE REACTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 805-808
Author(s):  
YAN ZHOU ◽  
KAI HU ◽  
JUNFENG SHEN ◽  
ZHENPING JI ◽  
GONGZHEN CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Slurry Phase ◽  
Surface Hydroxylation ◽  
Role Of Solvent

There exists an optimal amount of solvent (generally water) that can be added to the slurry phase reaction between solid reactants; the reactivity and efficiency of such reactions are different from those without solvent or those with large amount of solvent. Obviously, the solvent plays a crucial role in the process of the reaction, and it is the key to the understanding of unique reactivity and high efficiency of such slurry phase reactions. The water molecule absorbed on the surface of solid reactants, which is called bound water, has uniquely different properties compared with bulk water. Surface hydroxylation resulting from bound water greatly influences the chemical activity of the surface, which could be playing a role as catalyst or as the initialization point for further reactions, so that the reactants can react easily and fast under a simple reaction condition.

Clustering-Triggered Efficient Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Nonconventional Luminophores

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Zheng ◽  
Taiping Hu ◽  
Xin Bin ◽  
Yunzhong Wang ◽  
Yuanping Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Design Rationale ◽  
Emission Mechanism ◽  
Room Temperature Phosphorescence ◽  
Electronic Interactions ◽  
Energy Gaps ◽  
Theoretical Results

Pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and luminescence from nonconventional luminophores have gained increasing attention. However, it remains challenging to achieve efficient RTP from unorthodox luminophores, on account of the unsophisticated understanding of the emission mechanism. Here we propose a strategy to realize efficient RTP in nonconventional luminophores through incorporation of lone pairs together with clustering and effective electronic interactions. The former promotes spin-orbit coupling and boost the consequent intersystem crossing, whereas the latter narrows energy gaps and stabilizes the triplets, thus synergistically affording remarkable RTP. Experimental and theoretical results of urea and its derivatives verify the design rationale. Remarkably, RTP from thiourea solids with unprecedentedly high efficiency of up to 24.5% is obtained. Further control experiments testify the crucial role of through-space delocalization on the emission. These results would spur the future fabrication of nonconventional phosphors, and moreover should advance understanding of the underlying emission mechanism.<br>

The critical role of the coordination sphere in the high-efficiency blue-light emission from aminopyrazine metal-organic polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 109025
Author(s):  
João Humberto Dias Campos ◽  
Meiry Edivirges Alvarenga ◽  
Maykon Alves Lemes ◽  
José Antônio do Nascimento Neto ◽  
Freddy Fernandes Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Organic Polymers ◽  
Blue Light Emission ◽  
Metal Organic

Unprecedentedly high efficiency for photocatalytic conversion of methane to methanol over Au–Pd/TiO2 – what is the role of each component in the system?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiao Cai ◽  
Siyuan Fang ◽  
Yun Hang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Conversion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
System P ◽  
Conversion Of Methane

Direct and highly efficient methane conversion to methanol under mild conditions is achieved via photocatalysis over Au–Pd/TiO2.

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Molecules Involved in Differentiation, Maturation, and Survival of Dopaminergic Neurons in Health and Parkinson’s Disease: Physiological Aspects and Clinical Implications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Giulia Gaggi ◽  
Andrea Di Credico ◽  
Pascal Izzicupo ◽  
Giovanni Iannetti ◽  
Angela Di Baldassarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Set Up

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a specific and progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and dopamine, causing motor dysfunctions and impaired movements. Unfortunately, available therapies can partially treat the motor symptoms, but they have no effect on non-motor features. In addition, the therapeutic effect reduces gradually, and the prolonged use of drugs leads to a significative increase in the number of adverse events. For these reasons, an alternative approach that allows the replacement or the improved survival of DA neurons is very appealing for the treatment of PD patients and recently the first human clinical trials for DA neurons replacement have been set up. Here, we review the role of chemical and biological molecules that are involved in the development, survival and differentiation of DA neurons. In particular, we review the chemical small molecules used to differentiate different type of stem cells into DA neurons with high efficiency; the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs both in DA neurons development/survival as far as in the pathogenesis of PD; and, finally, we dissect the potential role of exosomes carrying biological molecules as treatment of PD.

On the role of solution-processed bathocuproine in high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells

Solar Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Shou-En Chiang ◽  
Anjali Chandel ◽  
Diksha Thakur ◽  
Yan-Ta Chen ◽  
Pei-Chen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Solution Processed

scholarly journals Dye-Surfactant Interaction: Role of Solvent

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 10499-10503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Ahmad Khan ◽  
Abdullah S. Al-Bogami
Keyword(s):  
Role Of Solvent

scholarly journals A Phenomenological Study on the Synergistic Role of Precious Metals and the Support in the Steam Reforming of Logistic Fuels on Monometal Supported Catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Majeed Azad ◽  
Desikan Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
High Hydrogen

Clean power source utilizing vast logistic fuel reserves (jet fuels, diesel, and coal) would be the main driver in the 21st century for high efficiency. Fuel processors are required to convert these fuels into hydrogen-rich reformate for extended periods in the presence of sulfur, and deliver hydrogen with little or no sulfur to the fuel cell stack. However, the jet and other logistic fuels are invariably sulfur-laden. Sulfur poisons and deactivates the reforming catalyst and therefore, to facilitate continuous uninterrupted operation of logistic fuel processors, robust sulfur-tolerant catalysts ought to be developed. New noble metal-supported ceria-based sulfur-tolerant nanocatalysts were developed and thoroughly characterized. In this paper, the performance of single metal-supported catalysts in the steam-reforming of kerosene, with 260 ppm sulfur is highlighted. It was found that ruthenium-based formulation provided an excellent balance between hydrogen production and stability towards sulfur, while palladium-based catalyst exhibited rapid and steady deactivation due to the highest propensity to sulfur poisoning. The rhodium supported system was found to be most attractive in terms of high hydrogen yield and long-term stability. A mechanistic correlation between the role of the nature of the precious metal and the support for generating clean desulfurized -rich reformate is discussed.

Role of Solvent in Excited-State Proton Transfer in Hypericin

1994 ◽  
Vol 98 (34) ◽  
pp. 8352-8358 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gai ◽  
M. J. Fehr ◽  
J. W. Petrich
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Excited State Proton Transfer ◽  
Role Of Solvent
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document