Modeling Coopetition as a Quantum Game

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 2040001
Author(s):  
Sujatha Babu ◽  
Usha Mohan ◽  
Tiru Arthanari
Keyword(s):  
Unitary Operator ◽  
International Market ◽  
Action Space ◽  
Equilibrium Strategy ◽  
Quantum Game ◽  
Quantum Games ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
Quantum Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Application ◽  
The Impact

Coopetition is defined as the existence of simultaneous competition and cooperation between the same set of players, leading to entanglement of payoffs and actions of the players. This paper provides insights into the game theoretical application of quantum games to model simultaneity and entanglement that occur in coopetition. Modeling as a quantum game also allows for a larger action space and hence new equilibrium that may not have existed earlier. The impact of the level of entanglement on the equilibrium of the game can also be studied. We demonstrate the same through an example of two players who currently compete in the domestic market and are considering cooperating simultaneously in the international market. They need to determine the equilibrium strategy to adopt under coopetition that maximizes their payoffs. We also arrive at how to ensure that the quantum strategy is the equilibrium strategy for both players, namely, how to design the quantum strategy and how to define the unitary operator.

scholarly journals The Superiority of Quantum Strategy in 3-Player Prisoner’s Dilemma

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Dong ◽  
Ai-Guo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Quantum Game ◽  
Final State ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Quantum Strategy ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we extend the quantum game theory of Prisoner’s Dilemma to the N-player case. The final state of quantum game theory of N-player Prisoner’s Dilemma is derived, which can be used to investigate the payoff of each player. As demonstration, two cases (2-player and 3-player) are studied to illustrate the superiority of quantum strategy in the game theory. Specifically, the non-unique entanglement parameter is found to maximize the total payoff, which oscillates periodically. Finally, the optimal strategic set is proved to depend on the selection of initial states.

scholarly journals Quantum Mean-Field Games with the Observations of Counting Type

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Vassili N. Kolokoltsov
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Open Problem ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Existence Of Solutions ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Mean Field Games ◽  
Quantum Game ◽  
Quantum Games ◽  
Interesting Open Problem

Quantum games and mean-field games (MFG) represent two important new branches of game theory. In a recent paper the author developed quantum MFGs merging these two branches. These quantum MFGs were based on the theory of continuous quantum observations and filtering of diffusive type. In the present paper we develop the analogous quantum MFG theory based on continuous quantum observations and filtering of counting type. However, proving existence and uniqueness of the solutions for resulting limiting forward-backward system based on jump-type processes on manifolds seems to be more complicated than for diffusions. In this paper we only prove that if a solution exists, then it gives an ϵ-Nash equilibrium for the corresponding N-player quantum game. The existence of solutions is suggested as an interesting open problem.

Theoretical Application of Public Sector Planning and Budgeting

2018 ◽  
pp. 248-279
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Covell
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Theoretical Application ◽  
The Impact

The corporatization of the government has resulted in the change of the government structure and it has a negative impact on the fiscal budgeting. This change has also resulted in the equalization and generalization of the public-sector finance to private-sector finance. The impact is the disappearance of sources of funds and the adoption of the four-legged horse budget apocalypse and the categorical funding. This adoption has resulted in economic marginalization, social exclusion, massive corruption, and non-sustainability. A sustainable fiscal budget design requires the application of theory on practice and a holistic approach through the organizational structure and the timeframe of each jurisdiction, based on factual evidence and scientific analysis.

Pashtun and Punjabi Taliban

Pakistan ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Mariam Abou Zahab
Keyword(s):  
North West ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
Sectarian Violence ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
Tribal Areas ◽  
The Impact

This chapter attempts to analyse the dynamics of the Pashtun–Punjabi nexus and the areas of competition and cooperation between Sunni sectarian groups and the Pakistani Taliban. It outlines the links between Sunni sectarian groups and the Afghan Taliban, the impact of the collapse of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the implications of the relocation of Punjabi jihadi/sectarian groups in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). It also focuses on the consequences of the storming of Islamabad's Lal Masjid in July 2007, and it investigates the re-emergence of sectarian groups in Karachi and in the Punjab and its implications for Pakistan. The Punjab and Karachi have been the primary hubs of sectarian violence in Pakistan since the 1980s, but in the post-9/11 environment the Sunni-Shia conflict has assumed a new dimension.

scholarly journals Time-Consistent Investment and Reinsurance Strategies for Mean-Variance Insurers under Stochastic Interest Rate and Stochastic Volatility

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2183
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Shenghong Li
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Equilibrium Strategy ◽  
Stochastic Interest Rate ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Stochastic Interest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Variance

This paper studies the time-consistent optimal investment and reinsurance problem for mean-variance insurers when considering both stochastic interest rate and stochastic volatility in the financial market. The insurers are allowed to transfer insurance risk by proportional reinsurance or acquiring new business, and the jump-diffusion process models the surplus process. The financial market consists of a risk-free asset, a bond, and a stock modelled by Heston’s stochastic volatility model. Interest rate in the market is modelled by the Vasicek model. By using extended dynamic programming approach, we explicitly derive equilibrium reinsurance-investment strategies and value functions. In addition, we provide and prove a verification theorem and then prove the solution we get satisfies it. Moreover, sensitive analysis is given to show the impact of several model parameters on equilibrium strategy and the efficient frontier.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CORRELATION IN QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL GAMES

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350011 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON J. D. PHOENIX ◽  
FAISAL SHAH KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Pure Strategy ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Simple Game ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Correlated Noise ◽  
Quantum Game ◽  
Joint Measurement ◽  
Quantum Games ◽  
Output State ◽  
Quantum Objects

We use the example of playing a 2-player game with entangled quantum objects to investigate the effect of quantum correlation. We find that for simple game scenarios it is classical correlation that is the central feature and that these simple quantum games are not sensitive to the quantum part of the correlation. In these games played with quantum objects it is possible to transform a game such as Prisoner's Dilemma into the game of Chicken. We show that this behavior, and the associated enhanced equilibrium payoff over playing the game with quantum objects in nonentangled states, is entirely due to the classical part of the correlation. Generalizing these games to the pure strategy 2-player quantum game where the players have finite strategy sets and a projective joint measurement is made on the output state produced by the players, we show that a given quantum game of this form can always be reproduced by a classical model, such as a communication channel. Where entanglement is a feature of the these 2-player quantum games the matrix of expected outcomes for the players can be reproduced by a classical channel with correlated noise.

Land bidding game with conflicting interest and its quantum solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haozhen Situ ◽  
Ramón Alonso-Sanz ◽  
Lvzhou Li ◽  
Cai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Quantum Game ◽  
Quantum Games ◽  
Bidding Game ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
The Common ◽  
Quantum Solution

Recently, the first conflicting interest quantum game based on the nonlocality property of quantum mechanics has been introduced in A. Pappa, N. Kumar, T. Lawson, M. Santha, S. Y. Zhang, E. Diamanti and I. Kerenidis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015) 020401. Several quantum games of the same genre have also been proposed subsequently. However, these games are constructed from some well-known Bell inequalities, thus are quite abstract and lack of realistic interpretations. In the present paper, we modify the common interest land bidding game introduced in N. Brunner and N. Linden, Nat. Commun. 4 (2013) 2057, which is also based on nonlocality and can be understood as two companies collaborating in developing a project. The modified game has conflicting interest and reflects the free rider problem in economics. Then we show that it has a fair quantum solution that leads to better outcome. Finally, we study how several types of paradigmatic noise affect the outcome of this game.

scholarly journals Quantum games of opinion formation based on the Marinatto-Weber quantum game scheme

2016 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 50012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyang Deng ◽  
Yong Deng ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Game ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Quantum Games ◽  
Game Scheme

Concept Analysis of Unintended Consequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Mykin Higbee
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
Theoretical Application ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Health

The concept of unintended consequences is widely discussed in the realms of politics or economics, but not as frequently as related to health care. Nursing professionals act with the intent to improve health outcomes for patients; however, with every action, there are risks and consequences that may or may not be anticipated. This article utilizes a modified version of Walker and Avant’s framework for concept analysis (2011) to identify the characteristics, defining attributes, and antecedents of the concept of unintended consequences, present a model case and empirical referents, and provide a practical and theoretical application to nursing. Opportunities for future research related to the concept of unintended consequences include a closer study of nurses’ choices that may affect their well-being or productivity, as well as educational opportunities to better inform nurses of the impact unintended consequences may have on them and the care they provide.

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