EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS AUGMENTATION AND STORAGE CONDITION ON IMPACT RESISTANCE OF ORTHOPEDIC BONE CEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750019
Author(s):  
MARYAM KALANTARI ◽  
ATA HASHEMI
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic-impregnated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement has been successfully used to treat infected joint arthroplasties and surgeons have advocated the use of antibiotic-treated bone cement to prevent possible infections in joint replacement surgeries. However, there is a concern that this addition may adversely affect the mechanical properties of the bone cement. In most cases, the addition of antibiotics to bone cement has been reported to lower its mechanical strength. The uniaxial, biaxial and three/four point bending tests of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement have been extensively performed and well documented. However, only a few documents have focused on the impact strength of bone cement. The present study reports the impact tests of control and antibiotic loaded bone cements at different temperatures and aging conditions. According to the results, the addition of gentamicin or vancomycin significantly reduced the samples' impact strength. Moreover, the samples aged in saline at 23[Formula: see text]C were more resistant than the samples aged in air at 23[Formula: see text]C. Furthermore, raising the storage temperature from 23[Formula: see text]C to 37[Formula: see text]C significantly lowered the bone cement's impact strength in both control and antibiotic loaded samples.

scholarly journals Enhancing Toughness and Impact Strength of Epoxy Resins by Using Hyperbranched Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hangyu Park ◽  
Youngson Choe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymers ◽  
Phase Separations ◽  
Hyperbranched Poly ◽  
The Impact

Toughened epoxy has been widely used in industrial areas such as automotive and electronics. In this study, nanosized hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) as a flexibilizer are synthesized and embedded into epoxy resin to enhance the toughness and flexibility. Two different HBPs, hyperbranched poly(methylacrylate-diethanolamine) (poly(MA-DEA)) and poly(methylacrylate- ethanolamine) (poly(MA-EA)), were prepared and blended with both epoxy and polyetheramine, a curing agent. The molecular size of HBPs was estimated to be 6 ~ 14 nm in diameter. The molecular weight of HBPs ranges from 1500(1.5 K) to 7000(7.0 K) g/mol. In cured epoxy/HBP blends, no phase separations are occurred, indicating that HBPs possess sufficient miscibility with epoxy. The tensile toughness of the blends increased with changing the molecular weight of HBPs without sacrificing tensile strengths. The impact strength of the blends increases stiffly until the loading % of HBPs in the blends reaches 10 wt%. In addition, the experimental studies showed that impact resistance also increased with an increase in molecular weight of HBPs. The obtained impact resistance of the epoxy/HBP blends with 10 wt% was 270% more effective compared to that of cured neat epoxy.

Stress relaxation modelling of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
O R Eden ◽  
A J C Lee ◽  
R M Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Femoral Stem ◽  
Maxwell Model ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Double Exponential

This paper describes tests that were carried out to model the stress relaxation behaviour of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Stress relaxation of bone cement is believed to be a significant factor in the mechanism of load transfer in the femoral stem of a polished, collarless taper-fit replacement hip joints. It is therefore important that this condition and its implications are understood. Stress relaxation was carried out on PMMA samples of varying age in four-point bending configuration. It was shown that the samples stiffened with age and that the amount of stress relaxation reduced as the samples aged. The experimental results of the stress relaxation were accurately modelled on the double exponential of the Maxwell model so that long-term predictions of the stress condition could be made from short-term mechanical tests.

A Method and Device for Testing Impact Resistance of Glassware

2015 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Szymon Zacharski ◽  
Wojciech Jóźwik
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Impact

Currently, nearly 1.5 M tons of different types of glassware are produced in Poland, and the majority of it is used as packaging in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The article presents a method for testing impact resistance of glassware, which was developed at the ITeE-PIB. The authors also present a prototype of a device for glassware tests, discuss a test procedure applied in such tests, and show the results of verification tests for which a high-speed digital camera was used to record the impact strength and the propagation of cracks in glassware. The device in question has been successfully implemented in an industrial research laboratory.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Used PP-Based Car Bumpers and Their Recycling Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Luda ◽  
V. Brunella ◽  
D. Guaratto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
The Impact

Three used PP-based car bumpers are characterized by many techniques (fractionation, IR, TGA, DSC, DMTA, and SEM). They show different impact and static and dynamic mechanical properties depending on their composition and morphology. It appears that block copolymer compatibilizers constituted by polyethylene-polypropylene sequences allow a better compatibility between the rubber domains and the PP matrix leading to relatively high impact resistance. Indeed if the ethylene sequences of the copolymer are large enough to crystallize, the decreased mobility of the whole system impairs the impact resistance. In addition, a higher amount of rubber in domains regular in shape and of greater dimension (1–3 μm) promotes a more homogeneous dispersion of external force inside the material, decreasing the risk of fracture. The amount of mineral fillers regulates the elastic modulus (the higher the load, the higher the modulus); however, a fairly good interfacial adhesion is required for satisfactory impact strength. All PP-based bumpers have been mechanically recycled in an internal mixer to redistribute oxidized species and to reestablish phase compatibilization. Recycling improves mechanical properties in slow speed test but fails to increase impact strength particularly in filled bumper, in which the quality of the matrix/filler interphase is hard to improve by simple remixing.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Heating Acrylic Resin Of Various Types With Different Temperatures On Impact Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Didik Marsigid
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Type A ◽  
Transverse Resistance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unstable Temperature

Resin polymerization which is affected by unstable temperature causes the resin to break easily. The strength of the base material is affected by the forces acting in the mouth, such as transverse forces, other resistance or fatigue, and flexibility. Fracture of denture caused by masticatory loads and is affected by forces acting in the mouth, including transverse, resistance or fatigue, and flexural forces. Experimental Laboratory total of 72 samples consisting of 18 samples of  type A, B and C cured at normal temperature, 100oC, 200oC, and 300oC. Types A, B and C have the effect of heating with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of acrylic resin, because the value of sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected. An effect with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of the resin types A, B and C, because sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected, which means that the average results are significantly different due to differences in temperature.

scholarly journals Using the Plate-Creep test to determine the impact strength properties of concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Gökçe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Repetitive Impact ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to design a concrete against repetitive impact and abrasion resistance. Macro/micro steel fibers and two types of crushed stone based on limestone and corundum as aggregate were used in concrete mixtures. Impact test device has been modified, designed and used for impact strength testing of concrete. The usability of the plate creep test in determining the impact strength of concrete was also investigated. According to the test results, a high correlation was found between the abrasion, impact resistance tests and the creep test.

scholarly journals Influence of SMA reinforcement on the impact resistance of GFRP composite laminates under different temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
K PAZHANIVEL ◽  
G B BHASKAR ◽  
A ELAYAPERUMAL ◽  
P ANANDAN ◽  
S ARUNACHALAM
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Properties of Hard Rubber. XXI. Influence of Vulcanization Temperature

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1053
Author(s):  
H. F. Church ◽  
H. A. Daynes
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plastic Yield ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In previous reports the properties of hard rubber made from rubber and sulfur were studied with particular reference to the effects of varying the rubber-sulfur ratio and vulcanization time. In the present report, a continuation of this investigation, the influence of temperature of vulcanization of similar materials is studied. Materials having rubber-sulfur ratios of 65/35 and 70/30 were vulcanized in a press at three different temperatures, namely, 165°, 155°, and 135° C, the times of vulcanization employed being estimated to be equivalent to 5 hours at 155° C. As a check on the estimate of the equivalent times, small samples of the same materials were vulcanized for various shorter and longer periods and were tested for plastic yield temperature and percentage of free sulfur. The main materials were tested for the following properties by the methods described in the previous report : Combination of sulfur, density, cross-breaking strength and elongation, impact strength, plastic-yield temperature, permittivity and power factor at audio and radio frequencies, and surface discoloration in sunlight. Certain anomalous figures were obtained in the impact test results which were thought to be due to the necessity of carrying out the longer vulcanization processes in stages. Arrangements were made accordingly to conduct the vulcanization continuously in such cases. This procedure brought about a considerable improvement in the results. These results confirmed the conclusion reached in the previous report that impact strength is very sensitive to untraced variables in manufacture. The results of the permittivity and power factor tests are discussed at some length, since they afford useful information on a number of other variables, principally rubber-sulfur ratio, frequency, and temperature of test. In a general discussion of the results, the choice of the best vulcanization temperature is examined. It is concluded that the selection of the best temperature involves compromise between opposing tendencies in the different properties.

Preparation and Test of Conventional Composite Abrasives Using Recycled Alumina Grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dutra Golanda ◽  
Sandro Galisteu Luiz ◽  
Katia C. Gandolpho Candioto ◽  
Carlos Yujiro Shigue
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Abrasive Tools ◽  
Penetration Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

In this work we report the preparation and evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of resin-bond composite abrasives using virgin and recycled alumina grains. The composite abrasives were made with phenolic resin as binder and as-received virgin and recycled alumina grains. Three different recycled alumina grains were studied: i) alumina from wood firing resin-bond abrasive tools; ii) alumina from wood firing vitrified-matrix abrasive tools; and iii) ground alumina from vitrified-matrix abrasive tools. The virgin alumina grains were employed in order to compare the mechanical performance of the prepared composite abrasive. The composition of alumina grains, analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the recycled alumina grains have lower alumina content and higher concentration of silica in vitrified-matrix abrasives samples. The sand blast penetration tests have shown lower penetration depth in the virgin and the ground vitrified-matrix grains composites. The impact strength test results revealed its dependence on the alumina and silica content: samples with higher alumina content present the higher impact resistance whereas samples with higher silica content present lower impact strength.

Preparation of Impact Resistance Epoxy Resin Encapsulating Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Jing Hui Fan ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Mechanics Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

According to research requests of encapsulating materials used in anti-impact precision electron apparatus parts, the materials system was designed on the relation of mechanics performance and techniques properties. Then epoxy resin E-51 was toughening modified with a kind of self-synthesized polyester epoxy resin which had liquid crystal groups. The results showed that the optimized epoxy resin encapsulating materials has high compression strength and favorable operating properties. The impact strength of prepared epoxy resin encapsulating materials increased 4.0 times, and the gel time at room temperature was over 100 minutes.

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