A NEW APPROACH FOR CLASSIFICATION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY FROM ULTRASOUND IMAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 1940001 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SMITHA ◽  
K. PAUL JOSEPH
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Occurrence Matrix

Background and objectives: The diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis is of vital importance, as this cardiovascular disease may cause myocardial infarction. One-third of deaths in the world occur due to myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack. Atherosclerosis is deposition of plaque in artery wall. It could be detected from the features of intima-media complex of the artery wall. This study proposes a new classification approach to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques using non-invasive carotid B-mode ultrasound images. These two types of plaques have diverse impacts on human life. In the first condition, slowly plaque formation reaches life-threatening condition and the second condition is acute in nature. Hence treatment protocol is to be decided based on the type of plaque. Methods: To locate the intima-media-complex region, the images are segmented using snake-based segmentation algorithm. Several features are extracted using fixed size blocks selected from the segmented region using gray-level co-occurrence matrix. Finally classification is performed using support vector machine. Results: The performance shows improvement in accuracy using lesser number of features than previous works. The reduction in feature size is achieved by incorporating segmentation in the pre-processing stage. In the classifier, 10-fold cross-validation protocol is used for training and testing and an accuracy of 100% is obtained. Conclusion: This proposed technique could work as an adjunct tool in quick decision-making for cardiologists and radiologists.

scholarly journals Management of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in Different Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Partow-Navid ◽  
Narut Prasitlumkum ◽  
Ashish Mukherjee ◽  
Padmini Varadarajan ◽  
Ramdas G. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Management Process ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
St Elevation

AbstractST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent, complex, well-coordinated treatment. Although the primary goal of treatment is simple to describe—reperfusion as quickly as possible—the management process is complicated and is affected by multiple factors including location, patient, and practitioner characteristics. Hence, this narrative review will discuss the recommended management and treatment strategies of STEMI in the circumstances.

Nipple Localization in Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound Coronal Scans Using Ensemble Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Alex Noel Joseph Raj ◽  
Ruban Nersisson ◽  
Vijayalakshmi G. V. Mahesh ◽  
Zhemin Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Texture Features ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Shadow Area ◽  
Hu Moments ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Cade System ◽  
Occurrence Matrix ◽  
Shape Complexity

Nipple is a vital landmark in the breast lesion diagnosis. Although there are advanced computer-aided detection (CADe) systems for nipple detection in breast mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of mammogram images, few academic works address the coronal views of breast ultrasound (BUS) images. This paper addresses a novel CADe system to locate the Nipple Shadow Area (NSA) in ultrasound images. Here the Hu Moments and Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) were calculated through an iterative sliding window for the extraction of shape and texture features. These features are then concatenated and fed into an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to obtain probable NSA’s. Later, contour features, such as shape complexity through fractal dimension, edge distance from the periphery and contour area, were computed and passed into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify the accurate NSA in each case. The coronal plane BUS dataset is built upon our own, which consists of 64 images from 13 patients. The test results show that the proposed CADe system achieves 91.99% accuracy, 97.55% specificity, 82.46% sensitivity and 88% F-score on our dataset.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Sheath in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 073-076
Author(s):  
Marx Araújo ◽  
Benjamim Vale ◽  
Irapua Ricarte ◽  
Lívio de Macêdo ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Invasive Techniques

AbstractIntracranial hypertension (ICH) is a life-threatening condition that can be observed in several diseases. Its clinical presentation is variable, with headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, papilledema, and alterations in the level of consciousness. The gold standard for the diagnosis of ICH is still the intracranial implantation of invasive devices. Non-invasive techniques, such as ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath (USONS), have emerged in recent years with promising clinical results. The authors report the case of a patient with progressive headache associated with visual impairment and papilledema, and the eventual diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension using USONS.

CASE SERIES OF PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN EPIDEMIC IN WAITING

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Shree Bharathi ◽  
Sasirekha Rengaraj
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Artery Disease

Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy or postpartum period is a rare but life-threatening condition associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. Although atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the most common etiology in general population, the causation is more diverse in pregnancy and this may have therapeutic implications. Early diagnosis and timely management with collaboration among Maternal-fetal medicine specialist, interventional cardiologist, cardiac anaesthetist, intensivist and neonatologist is essential to prevent maternal cardiac deaths. We present a case series of two patients with postpartum and antepartum acute MI, respectively and their diagnosis, management and outcomes in a tertiary care center.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-guided non-invasive retraction for strangulated obturator hernia allows elective radical surgery: analysis of 12 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Maeda ◽  
Osamu Nakahara ◽  
Seiya Saito ◽  
Jiro Nasu ◽  
Hideo Baba
Keyword(s):  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Obturator Hernia ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Perioperative Safety ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Background Obturator hernia is a life-threatening condition, requiring emergency intervention due to strangulation, if non-invasive repair for strangulation cannot be complete. Change from emergency surgery to elective surgery using minimal non-invasive options can greatly contribute to perioperative safety and curability of the underlying disease. Case presentation 12 cases of strangulated obturator hernia from April 2013 to February 2020 with male:female patient ratio of 0:12. Reduction under ultrasound guidance was possible amongst 10 out of 12 cases. The average age was 85.3 years (74–97) and average BMI was 17.4 (15.0–20.1). Based on physical findings and CT examination, diagnosis of obturator hernia was made using echo guided non-invasive reduction. Prevention in the intestinal ischemia and perforation was observed in the treated cases. Upon request, elective radical surgery was performed in 7 of these patients after their condition improved and monitored other organs for any signs. Conclusion Attempt to improve the strangulation of obturator hernia under an echo-guided approach could enable elective and safe surgery and is believed to be a diagnostic treatment worth attempting.

scholarly journals Tracheal Diverticulum in SARS-CoV-2 Patients on Non-Invasive Ventilation A not so “Spontaneous” Cause of Pneumomediastinum? An imaging Pictorial Presentation of Two Cases with Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Veena Mariam Joseph ◽  
Donboklang Lynser ◽  
Iadarilang Tiewsoh ◽  
Kaustuv Dutta ◽  
Pranjal Phukan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pictorial Presentation ◽  
Tracheal Diverticulum ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, the incidence of which has showed an increase in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, especially when they are on positive pressure ventilation. None of the reported cases of covid related pneumomediastinum had an associated tracheal diverticulum. Also, to the best of our knowledge, tracheal diverticulum has not been reported in patients on NIV. We report 2 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia on NIV with pneumomediastinum, which also had associated tracheal diverticulum, one of which developed after NIV. Though the establishment of causality needs further research, early detection of a tracheal diverticulum, which might be a harbinger of pneumomediastinum, can be a timely alarm to prompt titration of the pressure settings and judicious use of NIV. The role of inverted grey scale CT images in mediastinal window is a simple, yet hardly utilised radiological tool to increase detection of ‘mediastinal air’, let it be free air or air within a diverticulum. Through this case report, we would like to highlight the role of conventional and inverted CT imaging of pneumomediastinum and tracheal diverticulum in general and in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in particular, and to call for more objective research to throw light on the plausible relationship between pneumomediastinum and tracheal diverticulum.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a 1060-nm Diode Laser for Non-Invasive Fat Reduction of the Abdomen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Kislevitz ◽  
Christine Wamsley ◽  
Alison Kang ◽  
Suzanne Kilmer ◽  
John Hoopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fat Reduction

Abstract Background Despite the proven efficacy of liposuction, there is a population of patients who prefer non-surgical alternatives. Laser hyperthermia-induced lipolysis has emerged as one non-invasive alternative to liposuction. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 1060-nm (±10 nm) diode laser for non-invasive fat reduction of the abdomen. Methods This single-arm, 2-center study enrolled 30 patients. Patients received a 25-minute 1060-nm diode laser treatment on their abdomen. Ultrasound adipose measurements, body weight, and circumference were taken at baseline and at 6- and 12-week follow-up visits. Blinded evaluators identified “before” and “after” photos of each patient. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was completed by each patient at study exit. Results A total 29 patients completed all treatment and follow-up visits. Ultrasound images showed an adipose reduction of 8.55% at 12 weeks post-treatment (P < 0.0001). Blinded evaluators correctly identified 67% of the pre- and post-treatment images at site 01 (Sacramento, CA) and 56% at site 02 (Dallas, TX). Satisfaction was high, with 72% of patients reporting being either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their results on a 5-point Likert scale. Pain was rated as mild by 62% of patients, moderate by 38%, and severe by none on the Wong-Baker Scale. Conclusions These results indicate that a single treatment with a 1060-nm (±10 nm) diode laser, per the treatment protocol, is safe and effective in reducing unwanted fat in the abdomen as objectively measured employing ultrasound. The treatment was well-tolerated among all patients, with minimal discomfort reported and high patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: 4

scholarly journals Arrhythmias in Patients after Surgical Myocardial Revascularization

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
N. U. Zakirov ◽  
A. G. Kevorkov ◽  
A. S. Rasulov ◽  
E. Y. Tursunov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Vegetative Regulation

This work represents literature review data regarding the study of the effect of surgical myocardial revascularization on the processes of electrical myocardial instability underlying the onset of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, as well as the possibilities for its non-invasive assessment by studying the heart rhythm variability and turbulence. Analyzed data demonstrated that, relying only on the presence of a viable myocardium, it is often impossible to predict the positive effect of revascularization on the prognosis in patients, especially those with reduced myocardial contractility. Considering the well-studied relationship between myocardial remodeling and neurohormonal activation, such non-invasive methods for assessing vegetative regulation of cardiac activity, as heart rate variability and turbulence may provide additional diagnostic information. The literature data indicate that heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias and recurrences of angina and myocardial infarction are the main problems that determine an unfavorable outcome in the postoperative period. There is important evidence that violations of the vegetative regulation of the heart, the heterogeneity of repolarization processes in the myocardium are integral indicators of the morphofunctional changes occurring in the process of coronary heart disease (CHD) progression. The role of indicators of heart rate variability and turbulence as predictors of sudden cardiac death was proved, mainly due to fatal ventricular heart rhythm disorders and cardiovascular mortality. Along with this, changes in these indicators, and their prognostic role in patients with CHD in revascularization are the subject of discussion, which determines the relevance of further studies on the effect of various methods of revascularization on the electrical instability of the myocardium, as one of the most important factors in the development of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias that are predictors of sudden cardiac death, especially in patients who previously had acute myocardial infarction. Besides it is important to study the effect of myocardial revascularization on the indicators of cardiac autonomic regulation and the possibility of their use as prognostic criteria before and after surgery.

scholarly journals Medical High Dependency Unit series, Article 3: Respiratory Support in the MHDU

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Christopher John Wright ◽  
◽  
Russell Morton Allan ◽  
Stuart A Gillon ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
High Dependency Unit ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Acute respiratory failure is a life threatening condition encountered by Acute Physicians; additional non-invasive support can be provided within the medical high dependency unit (MHDU). Acute Physicians should strive to be experts in the investigation, management and support of patients with acute severe respiratory failure. This article outlines key management principles in these areas and explores common pitfalls.

Staging of Fatty Liver Diseases Based on Hierarchical Classification and Feature Fusion for Back-Scan–Converted Ultrasound Images

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Owjimehr ◽  
Habibollah Danyali ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Helfroush ◽  
Alireza Shakibafard
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Occurrence Matrix

Fatty liver disease is progressive and may not cause any symptoms at early stages. This disease is potentially fatal and can cause liver cancer in severe stages. Therefore, diagnosing and staging fatty liver disease in early stages is necessary. In this paper, a novel method is presented to classify normal and fatty liver, as well as discriminate three stages of fatty liver in ultrasound images. This study is performed with 129 subjects including 28 normal, 47 steatosis, 42 fibrosis, and 12 cirrhosis images. The proposed approach uses back-scan conversion of ultrasound sector images and is based on a hierarchical classification. The proposed algorithm is performed in two parts. The first part selects the optimum regions of interest from the focal zone of the back-scan–converted ultrasound images. In the second part, discrimination between normal and fatty liver is performed and then steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis are classified in a hierarchical basis. The wavelet packet transform and gray-level co-occurrence matrix are used to obtain a number of statistical features. A support vector machine classifier is used to discriminate between normal and fatty liver, and stage fatty cases. The results of the proposed scheme clearly illustrate the efficiency of this system with overall accuracy of 94.91% and also specificity of more than 90%.

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