DESIGN ACTIVITY MODELING IN DISTRIBUTED KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUDONG DAI ◽  
XUEFEN MA ◽  
YOUBAI XIE
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Design ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Levels

For the definition of knowledge flow, knowledge-flow control and knowledge-acquisition in integrated product design within distributed knowledge resources environment, this paper studies the structural modeling of design activity for integrated product design. The common features of integrated design in distributed resources environment are summarized as follows: centering on specific design requirements, organizing related design resources to perform design activities, outputting design results, carrying on value analysis of design results, and then making design decisions on the basis of value analysis. Based on the common features, a structural model of integrated design activities in distributed resources environment is built, which presents the structural expression of knowledge flow by defining the design requirements, the design resource input, the result output, the design activities, the relationship between the design activities, and the values of the design activities. Design activities at different levels are defined according to the design process models at different levels. A design activity that has been defined can be packaged into design components. The essence of integrated design lies in knowledge integration, which is to be realized by defining the input and output relationship between the design components and the knowledge components.

FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ARTISTIC AND DESIGN ACTIVITY OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Olesia Makoviichuk ◽  
Alona Shulha
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Labor Training ◽  
Design Activities

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of art and design activities, considers the features of the integrative organization of art and design activities of students in the lessons of fine arts and technology in primary school. Artistic and project activities of junior schoolchildren are realized through the disciplines of fine arts and labor education (technology) in primary school. The concept of "artistic and design activity" is analyzed through the prism of the concepts of "activity", "artistic activity". The following are considered: interconnected structural components of artistic design, types of activity and types of tasks aimed at the implementation of artistic design activities of junior schoolchildren. The article emphasized the potential of an integrated combination in primary school of fine arts and labor training (technology) for art and design activities of junior high school students.

unrechtliche peinliche schmehung oder dem gemeinen nutz nuetzlich?Eine Fallstudie zur Normenkonkurrenz im Schmähschriftprozess des 16. Jahrhunderts

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Jan Siegemund
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractLibel played an important and extraordinary role in early modern conflict culture. The article discusses their functions and the way they were assessed in court. The case study illustrates argumentative spaces and different levels of normative references in libel trials in 16th century electoral Saxony. In 1569, Andreas Langener – in consequence of a long stagnating private conflict – posted several libels against the nobleman Tham Pflugk in different public places in the city of Dresden. Consequently, he was arrested and charged with ‘libelling’. Depending on the reference to conflicting social and legal norms, he had therefore been either threatened with corporal punishment including his execution, or rewarded with laudations. In this case, the act of libelling could be seen as slander, but also as a service to the community, which Langener had informed about potentially harmful transgression of norms. While the common good was the highest maxim, different and sometimes conflicting legally protected interests had to be discussed. The situational decision depended on whether the articulated charges where true and relevant for the public, on the invective language, and especially on the quality and size of the public sphere reached by the libel.

scholarly journals Influence of saprophages (Isopoda, Diplopoda) on leaf litter decomposition under different levels of humidification and chemical loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
A. P. Pokhylenko ◽  
O. O. Didur ◽  
Y. L. Kulbachko ◽  
L. P. Bandura ◽  
S. A. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a study about the influence of two saprophage groups (Isopoda, Diplopoda) on leaf litter decomposition under different levels of humidification and chemical stress. Because of their worldwide distribution, we focused on the common pillbug Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) (Isopoda, Armadillidiidae), and the common millipede species Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) (Julida, Julidae). The function of environment creation by the given saprophages, as destructors of dead plant matter, supporting such ecosystem services as soil fertility improvement and nutrients’ turnover, is highlighted. To conduct the experiment, the animals were collected manually and using pitfall trapping. In order to bring the experimental conditions closer to the natural, the individuals were not sexed. The maximum consumption of leaf litter by woodlice was recorded in the conditions with adequate moisture (0.5 mL of distilled water per box) and amounted to 2.52 mg/10 individuals per day, which exceeds its consumption with low and increased moisture, respectively, by 1.82 and 1.24 times. As for the effect of interaction, the consumption of maple litter with optimal moisture (4.77 mg/10 individuals per day) was the greatest. The largest absolute difference between broad-leaved tree species in the average weight of leaf litter consumed by woodlice was between maple leaf litter and oak leaf litter, the minimum – between robinia leaf litter and oak leaf litter. According to the results of the obtained data (Diplopoda), it can be stated that there is a statistically significant effect of chemical stress and discrepancy of the average zinc content in the object of study (in Diplopoda and their faecal pellets). We found that the diet provided did not affect the distribution of zinc in Diplopoda under conditions of chemical stress. According to the results of pairwise comparisons, we determined that the zinc content in the Diplopoda clearly differs for control and almost every concentration of zinc sulfate solution – 0.03 and 0.15 g/L, the samples of which do not form a homogeneous group. The species composition, abundance and distribution in space of soil invertebrates are informative indicators which reflect the ecological state of soils, intensity in development of soil horizons as well as intensity of processes occurring in them.

scholarly journals SHORT COMMUNICATION: THE EFFECT OF TANNIN SOLUTION IN PERFORMING SUCCESFULL EGG MICROINJECTION ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hunaina Fariduddin Ath-thar ◽  
Komar Sumantadinata ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Transgenic Embryos ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Different Levels

In order to successfully perform a gene transfer activity using microinjection, an individual egg is needed. The common standard operating procedure to collect the individual egg is by applying chemical solution to remove the sticky layer covering the egg surface. Among several available solutions, tannin is one of alternative substances that can be used in performing egg microinjection on African catfish. In this study, the effect of different dosages of tannin solution to remove the sticky layer of eggs was observed. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Fish Breeding and Genetics, Bogor Agricultural University. Prior to microinjection, the eggs were treated with different dosages of tannin solution right after fertilization. There were four different levels of dosage used as the treatments i.e.: 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 ppm. After the treatments, each individual egg was injected using DNA pmâactin-hrGFP plasmid with a concentration of 20 μg/mL. The results showed that the dosage of 0.5 ppm of tannin was the most effective treatment compared to the other dosages. This dosage produced 71.4% hatching rate and 57.1% transgenic embryos respectively.

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATED DESIGN METHODOLOGY

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Freiheit ◽  
S. S. Park ◽  
V Giuliani
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Life Cycle Design ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Stakeholder Needs ◽  
Integrated Design Methodology

Global markets demand quick product develop-ment that is simultaneously cost-effective and meets stakeholder needs. Many tools and design methodolo-gies have been developed that address individual as-pects of the design problem, such as Axiomatic De-sign, Design for Manufacture, Life Cycle Design, etc. However, competitive viability can be put at risk when a product fails to achieve all customer, business, manufacturing, and regulatory requirements. To de-liver all design requirements, an efficient integrated design methodology is required. This paper proposes a design approach which integrates previously devel-oped design tools to economically achieve essential design objectives, within a framework that facilitates a rapid design process.

Modeling Relationships Among Design Activities

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Belhe ◽  
A. Kusiak
Keyword(s):  
Design Activity ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Due Date ◽  
Activity Network ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Graph Theoretic Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Exclusive Or

In this paper, a graph theoretic approach for transformation and analysis of a network of design activities with different types of logical relationships is presented. In addition to the AND type relationship, OR and EXCLUSIVE OR relationships may exist between design activities. This relationship is captured using the IDEF3 notation. The algorithm generates various alternative precedence networks and clusters of design activities in each of these precedence networks. These alternative transformations are further used to analyze the risk of violating the due date of the design activity network. The concepts introduced in this paper are illustrated with an example.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Spatial Augmented Reality on Communication between Design Session Participants - A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1973-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Giunta ◽  
Fatma Ben Guefrache ◽  
Elies Dekoninck ◽  
James Gopsill ◽  
Jamie O'Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Set Design ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Spatial Augmented Reality ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSAR provides an unobtrusive implementation of AR and enables multiple stakeholders to observe and interact with an augmented physical model. This is synonymous with co-design activities and hence, there is a potential for SAR to have a significant impact in the way design teams may set-up and run their co-design activities in the future. Whilst there are a growing number of studies which apply SAR to design activities, few studies exist that examine a particular element of a design activity in a controlled manner. This paper will begin to fill this gap through the controlled study of SAR and its effects on the communication between participants of a co-design activity. To do so the paper compares a controlled design session, using more traditional methods of design representations (3D models on a screen), to sessions run using SAR. The sessions are then analysed to gather information on the gestures used by the participants as well as the overall efficiency of the participants at completing the set design task. The paper concludes that the data gathered tentatively supports a link between the use of SAR and improved communication between design session participants.

scholarly journals The constructs of site layout modeling: an overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Sadeghpour ◽  
Mohsen Andayesh
Keyword(s):  
Construction Sites ◽  
Layout Planning ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Site Layout ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Levels

The efficient planning of site space through the course of a construction project is referred to as site layout planning. Due to its impact on safety, productivity and security on construction sites, several site layout planning models have been developed in the past decades. These models have the common aim of generating best layouts considering the defined constraints and conditions. However, the underlying assumptions that were made during the development of these models seem disparate and often implicit. This study provides an overview of the existing models and aims to draw a holistic view of variables that have been considered at different levels of detail and using different approaches in the site layout literature. Through close examination and comparative analysis of existing models, this study identifies the components that need to be considered for site layout modeling, referred to as constructs. Possible approaches that can be used to realize each construct are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed. It is hoped that this study contributes to a better understanding of site layout modeling, and provide an outline for the development of new site layout planning models.

Approaches to the Numerical Estimates of Grid Convergence of NSE in the Presence of Singularities

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Chenguang Zhang ◽  
Krishnaswamy Nandakumar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Order Of Accuracy ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Accuracy Order ◽  
Uniform Grids ◽  
Grid Convergence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Spatial Grid ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractEvaluating the order of accuracy (order) is an integral part of the development and application of numerical algorithms. Apart from theoretical functional analysis to place bounds on error estimates, numerical experiments are often essential for nonlinear problems to validate the estimates in a reliable answer. The common workflow is to apply the algorithm using successively finer temporal/spatial grid resolutions ${\delta _i}$, measure the error ${\isin _i}$ in each solution against the exact solution, the order is then obtained as the slope of the line that fits $(\log {\isin _i}, \log {\delta _i})$. We show that if the problem has singularities like divergence to infinity or discontinuous jump, this common workflow underestimates the order if solution at regions around the singularity is used. Several numerical examples with different levels of complexity are explored. A simple one-dimensional theoretical model shows it is impossible to numerically evaluate the order close to singularity on uniform grids.

scholarly journals Revisiting Problem-Solution Co-Evolution in the Context of Team Conceptual Design Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Martinec ◽  
Stanko Škec ◽  
Marija Majda Perišić ◽  
Mario Štorga
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Concept Review

The conventional prescriptive and descriptive models of design typically decompose the overall design process into elementary processes, such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. This study revisits some of the assumptions established by these models and investigates whether they can also be applied for modelling of problem-solution co-evolution patterns that appear during team conceptual design activities. The first set of assumptions concerns the relationship between performing analysis, synthesis, and evaluation and exploring the problem and solution space. The second set concerns the dominant sequences of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation, whereas the third set concerns the nature of transitions between the problem and solution space. The assumptions were empirically tested as part of a protocol analysis study of team ideation and concept review activities. Besides revealing inconsistencies in how analysis, synthesis, and evaluation are defined and interpreted across the literature, the study demonstrates co-evolution patterns, which cannot be described by the conventional models. It highlights the important role of analysis-synthesis cycles during both divergent and convergent activities, which is co-evolution and refinement, respectively. The findings are summarised in the form of a model of the increase in the number of new problem and solution entities as the conceptual design phase progresses, with implications for both design research and design education.

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