Connectivity, indecomposable, and weakly reversible in S-posets

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150139
Author(s):  
Bana Al Subaiei
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Connectivity Property ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past four decades an extensive literature covered the properties of [Formula: see text]-acts. However, only few studies had generalized some known properties of [Formula: see text]-acts to the [Formula: see text]-posets. The reversible, and indecomposable properties in [Formula: see text]-posets have been addressed previously but connectivity has not been defined in [Formula: see text]-posets yet. Connectivity property was found to be related to those of reversibility and flatness in the category of [Formula: see text]-acts. The primary objective of this paper is to define connectivity in the category of [Formula: see text]-posets for both versions: ordered “poconnected” and unordered “connected”. Examples are presented to show the difference between the two versions. The relationship between connectivity with other properties such as reversibility, and indecomposability had also been investigated. We show that the poconnected in [Formula: see text]-posets is always indecomposable, but the inverse is not true. We also find that the weakly reversible is always connected and indecomposable. These relations among these properties in [Formula: see text]-posets are different from their corresponding relations in [Formula: see text]-acts.

scholarly journals Demokrasi dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aa Wasi'a
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDemocracy in the perspective of Islamic education so far has no concrete definition, the difference between western democracy and islamic democracy, as well as the implementation of democracy that is not in accordance with Islamic teachings, then the problem that will arise is how democracy according to Islamic teachings? How is democracy in Islamic government? And to what extent is the relationship between democracy and Islamic religious education?In the age before Islam entered the people of ethnic groups and nationalities and the existing ties were blood ties. But after the teachings of Islam enter the bonds that apply are religious ties. This is in accordance with the word of Allah Surah Al-Hujrat: 13, Sura Al-Imron: 26 and 159 and Sura As-Shura: 38.Democracy according to Islam is often synonymous with the word musyawarah (shura), largely functioning as a form of government. Even though the reality is actually wider, it functions to all aspects of Islamic life.The democratic system in determining leadership and procedures for appointing leaders according to the Islamic concept as well as the thoughts of scholars on the concept of democracy shows that there are significant differences between western democracy and Islamic democracy, among the differences are western democracy, the highest power belongs only to the people, whereas in Islamic democracy The highest power is in the hands of God (Allah) and the Shari'ah of the past and the people are only as kholifah (representatives) of Allah to manage and manage the State while still relying on the Al-Quran and Sunnah. also Islamic lawThe relationship between democracy and Islamic religious education is very close because in education there is one of the principles of education, namely the understanding of democracy and Islam always puts forward the principle of deliberation in deciding everything.Keywords: Islamic and western democracy, Islamic Government System and Islamic Religious Education

scholarly journals KOMPENSASI SEBAGAI ALAT PENINGKATAN KINERJA DALAM BINGKAI AGENCY THEORY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Sulistiani
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Work Incentive ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

<span><em>Agency theory looked at the relationship between the owner (the principal) and </em><span><em>management (agent). Compensation given to overcome problems in the theory of </em><span><em>agency, ie the difference between the interests of owners and agents. Compensation </em><span><em>system is designed organization aims to motivate employees to improve their </em><span><em>performance and retain competent employees. In order to work incentive</em><br /><span><em>compensation, corporate boards must choose a level measurement and precise </em><span><em>performance. Performance-based Reward twofold benefit: informing and </em><span><em>motivating.</em><br /><span><em>The purpose of this paper is to review how compensation as a performance </em><span><em>enhancement tool. The research method uses literature study and its conclusions </em><span><em>are: 1. The compensation was given to address the problems in the theory of </em><span><em>agency (the difference between the interests of owners and agents). 2. The </em><span><em>compensation system is designed organization aims to motivate employees to</em><br /><span><em>improve their performance and retain competent employees. 3. To work incentive </em><span><em>compensation, corporate boards must choose a level measurement and precise</em><br /><span><em>performance. The measurement system there are two traditional compensation (use </em><span><em>of accounting profit that measure the past) and the stock price (measuring the</em><br /><span><em>future).</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>

scholarly journals Exports, Productivity and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurangzeb Aurangzeb
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between exports and economic growth in Pakistan by utilizing the analytical framework put forward by Feder (1983). The hypothesis that marginal factor productivities are not equal in export and non-export sectors of the Pakistan economy is tested by using time series from 1973 to 2005. The estimation results indicate that marginal factor productivities are significantly higher in the export sector. Moreover, the difference seems to derive, in part, from inter-sectoral positive externalities generated by the export sector. In broad terms, therefore, the results of this study are supportive of the export oriented, outward-looking approach to trade relations adopted by policymakers over the past decade.

scholarly journals Historiese korrektheid en historiese fiksie: ’n respons

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Willie Burger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Fiction ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Boer War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Historical correctness and historical fiction: a responseIn this article the relationship between history and fiction is examined in response to the historian, Fransjohan Pretorius’s criticism of recent Afrikaans fiction about the Anglo-Boer War in Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 52.2 (2015). The intricate relationship between history and fiction is examined by pointing, on the one hand to the problematic of the relationship between history and the past and on the one hand, to the difference between fiction and history. The function of aesthetic illusion, verisimilitude and conceptions of reference is investigated theoretically before turning to the specific novels that Pretorius discusses. The article shows that historical fiction cannot be restricted to novelized versions of accepted history, but that historical fiction also reminds the reader that the past is always culturally mediated and that the primary aim of novels is not to represent the past but to examine aspects of human existence. A comparison between fiction and history can therefore not be used as a norm to assess novels.

scholarly journals Literature and History: Study of Nigerian Indigenous Historical Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lere Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Party Politics ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The assumption that history posits itself as a fact, while literature is to be taken as an artistic form, only for entertainment (i.e., the difference between truth and falsehood, reality and illusion) has long been debated by formalists and soclologlsts of literature. In Yoruba society, literature and history are im­portant in explaining the fullness of life and the world around us. It is against this background that this paper examines the relationship between literature and history and how Yoruba novelists use their works as vehicles for the repre­sentation of history. We adopt the theory of New Historicism to analyze T.A.A. Ladele's lgbi Aye n yi and Olu Owolabi's Ote Nibo. Some of the findings reveal that: both Yoruba literature and history are closely related, they are both based on Yoruba experience and Yoruba existence either in the past or present; while Ladele Interprets the history of the dignity and royal glamour of the Yoruba oba in the precolonial era as a form of domination which is often achieved through culturally-orchestrated consent rather than force; Owolabi represents the hlstory of party politics in Yoruba society as fraudulent, deceltful, full of bitterness and violence. The paper concludes that both novelists are subjective in their representation of Yoruba history, but they successfully establfsh the fact that the novel is a repository of history; however, such history is not a mere chronlcle of facts and events, but rather a complex description of human reality and a challenge to the preconceived notions of the societies from which they emerged.

scholarly journals Design Changes in Construction Projects – Causes and Impact on the Cost

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1647-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mughees Aslam ◽  
Edmund Baffoe-Twum ◽  
Farhan Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Isolation of design phase from construction has made the design changes inevitable in construction projects. Extensive literature appraisal has acknowledged the detrimental effect of design changes on project performances. However, the impact and causes of design changes have been divided up, either separately or project specific. As a result, the relationship between impact and causes of design changes could not be established for general construction. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the impact of design changes on project cost and identifying actions responsible for these changes. The objectives of the study were achieved through a systematic review of past literature published in well-established journals, and contents analyzed. From the extensive literature review, it was established that the design change is one of the predominant factors to cost overrun, and in some cases, may upshot into cost overrun between 5 and 40% of the project cost. Also, many causes of design changes resulting in cost overrun within the perspective of the owner, consultant, and contractors are explored. Some projects experienced closure as a result of owner induced design changes, although these changes may not be significant in number.  Design changes as a result of consultants and contractors in some cases might have reduced impact but are frequent. For each consideration, most events leading to design changes can be eliminated by improving on communication and coordination between stakeholders. The main contribution of this research is to bring together the impact and causes of design changes on cost under one platform for effectively managing the design process.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Physical Attractiveness and Intellectual Competence on Loyalty

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3970
Author(s):  
Wen-Chih Yeh ◽  
Chun-Chang Lee ◽  
Cheng Yu ◽  
Pei-Shan Wu ◽  
Jia-Yu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to explore the factors determining consumer loyalty to real estate agents. Based on the past literature regarding the factors of loyalty, the study considers physical attractiveness and intellectual competence combined with a traditional loyalty model in proposing its conceptual framework. It then estimates the relevant parameters using a linear structural equation model (SEM). The subjects of the study consist of consumers in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, aged at least 20 years old who have experience in engaging the services of real estate companies during housing transactions. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, with 268 valid ones being returned, for a valid return rate of 89.33%. According to the empirical results, physical attractiveness indirectly influences satisfaction through trust and intellectual competence, with satisfaction in turn affecting customer loyalty. The effect of physical attractiveness on satisfaction through trust is more significant than its effect on satisfaction through intellectual competence. These findings show that the relationship among physical attractiveness, intellectual competence, and trust plays an important role in determining satisfaction and loyalty. Past studies related to loyalty introduced various factors of loyalty; however, they rarely explored the effects of physical attractiveness and intellectual competence on loyalty. That is the difference between this study and past research.

scholarly journals Specificity of Palamite theology, its origins and later reception

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-441
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Biryukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Modern Natural Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A conversation with Dmitry Biryukov, Doctor of Philosophy, a researcher of the work of the late Byzantine theologian Gregory Palamas (1296–1359), is devoted to a discussion of the peculiarities of the doctrine of this authoritative church teacher, as well as the reception of his legacy in the 19th–20th centuries after centuries of oblivion. In the course of the conversation, the basic metaphysical scheme of Palamite theology is indicated — the distinction between essence and energies in God; on the one hand, the continuity of this scheme in relation to the theology of the Cappadocian Fathers is traced, and, on the other hand, its novelty is revealed; the origins and parallels of this distinction are discussed, in particular its connection with Christology, as well as the influence of Evagrianism on Palamas; the types of divine energies in the Palamite doctrine are indicated and the question of the difference in theological languages in which the idea of deification (theosis) as a union of man with God is expressed. Particular attention is paid to the concept of “energy” and its various connotations, including those associated with its modern natural science understanding. The philosophical dimension of the theology of Palamas, including in connection with the intellectual culture of his time, is discussed, as well as the relationship of hesychasm as a monastic practice and Palamism as a theological and philosophical doctrine. The concluding part of the conversation, dedicated to the reception of Palamism after centuries of oblivion, traces the history of the study, interpretation and actualization of the teachings of Gregory Palamas over the past two centuries — from Slavophiles to Soviet and contemporary researchers. Particular attention is paid to the so-called neo-Palamism in its various versions — both religious-philosophical and theological.

Vibration of a Vertical Rotor Partially Filled With Liquid

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuki Ide ◽  
Yukihiko Kazao ◽  
Shunzo Watanabe ◽  
Tomohiko Yabu ◽  
Takuhiko Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Unstable Vibration ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Using an experimental apparatus incorporating a hollow cylindrical rotor (partially filled with liquid) fitted to a vertically suspended shaft, we clarified the pressure mode shape, frequency, etc. of the liquid by directly measuring the pressure fluctuation while varying the amount of liquid and the rotating speed, and studied in detail the relationship between whirling vibration of the rotor and fluctuation of the liquid inside the rotor. On that basis, we propose a practical method for estimating the region of unstable vibration. Results of estimation by this method were checked against the results of an experiment conducted using three types of differently shaped rotor. According to many studies conducted in the past, the frequency of unstable vibration is almost constant. In the present experiment, however, the frequency of unstable vibration showed a characteristic tendency to increase with increasing rotational speed. The vibration that was observed in the experiment was found to be an unstable vibration caused chiefly by axial fluctuation of the liquid inside the rotor. It was also found that in the rotational speed range where the difference between the rotor rotating speed and the natural frequency of fluctuation of the free surface of the liquid becomes almost equal to the natural frequency of the rotor, a resonance occurs that causes the unstable vibration. Concerning the vibration studied here, we developed a practical method of estimating the region of unstable vibrations and showed that the method should be universally applicable.

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

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